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Prof. Carlos Silva
Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior - Polithecnic Institute of Santarém

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Journal article
Published: 24 June 2021 in Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology
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ACS Style

Carla Chicau Borrego; Diogo Monteiro; Alex J. Benson; Mauro Miguel; Eduardo Teixeira; Carlos Silva. Disentangling the effects of ego and task-involving climate perceptions on cohesion in youth sport. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Carla Chicau Borrego, Diogo Monteiro, Alex J. Benson, Mauro Miguel, Eduardo Teixeira, Carlos Silva. Disentangling the effects of ego and task-involving climate perceptions on cohesion in youth sport. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carla Chicau Borrego; Diogo Monteiro; Alex J. Benson; Mauro Miguel; Eduardo Teixeira; Carlos Silva. 2021. "Disentangling the effects of ego and task-involving climate perceptions on cohesion in youth sport." Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 17 January 2021 in Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
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The aim of this investigation was to identify possible related factors associated to the performance of the crunning test in European children and adolescents. A total number of 559 children and adolescents (age range 6–14 years) of which 308 boys (55.1%) and 251 girls (44.9%), from seven European countries, were screened. A questionnaire concerning demographic and personal life-related factors and a cognitive assessment were performed. A regression analysis was conducted with the performance measures of the crunning movement. T-tests and ANCOVA were used to analyze sub-group differences. Boys have greater crunning performance values compared to girls (5.55 s vs. 7.06 s, p < 0.001) and older children perform better than younger ones (R2 −0.23; p < 0.001). Children with healthy and active habits (exercising or spending time with family members vs. reading or surfing the internet) performed better in the test. Children engaged in team sports had better crunning performances compared to those engaged in individual sports (6.01 s vs. 6.66 s, p = 0.0166). No significant association was found regarding cognitive-related aspects in either children engaged in team or individual sports and the crunning performance. Older and male children performed better in the crunning test than younger and female children. Physical activity-related aspects of children’s life are associated with crunning movement performance. No association was found between higher cognitive performance and the crunning test results.

ACS Style

Ewan Thomas; Marianna Alesi; Garden Tabacchi; Carlos Silva; David Sturm; Fatma Şahin; Özkan Güler; Manuel Gómez-López; Simona Pajaujiene; Michele Basile; Ante Rada; Antonio Palma; Antonino Bianco. Cognitive and Physical Activity-Related Aspects of Children Associated to the Performance of the Crunning Movement. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 2021, 6, 9 .

AMA Style

Ewan Thomas, Marianna Alesi, Garden Tabacchi, Carlos Silva, David Sturm, Fatma Şahin, Özkan Güler, Manuel Gómez-López, Simona Pajaujiene, Michele Basile, Ante Rada, Antonio Palma, Antonino Bianco. Cognitive and Physical Activity-Related Aspects of Children Associated to the Performance of the Crunning Movement. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2021; 6 (1):9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ewan Thomas; Marianna Alesi; Garden Tabacchi; Carlos Silva; David Sturm; Fatma Şahin; Özkan Güler; Manuel Gómez-López; Simona Pajaujiene; Michele Basile; Ante Rada; Antonio Palma; Antonino Bianco. 2021. "Cognitive and Physical Activity-Related Aspects of Children Associated to the Performance of the Crunning Movement." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 6, no. 1: 9.

Research article
Published: 01 September 2020 in Psychological Reports
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The purpose of this investigation was to examine the factorial validity and measurement invariance of the short version of the Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS; Chelladurai & Saleh, 1980 ): coaches’ perceptions of their own behavior, athletes’ preferences and athletes’ perceptions of their coaches’ behavior. This validation will allow researchers to minimize time demands on participants. Three independent samples of athletes ( n1 = 373; n2 = 817; n3 = 246) and two samples of coaches ( n1 = 115; n2 = 351) were studied to examine the factorial validity and measurement invariance of the 25-item version of the LSS (LSS-25; Chiu et al., 2016 ). Findings indicated that a 15-item version (LSS-15) fits the data better than the LSS-25. The LSS-15 showed factorial validity and proved to have adequate reliability, convergent validity and discriminant validity. Multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis showed that its factor structure was invariant across two independent samples and across gender for athletes’ perceived and preferred versions. Significant relationships between the LSS-15 subscales and athlete satisfaction also demonstrate criterion validity. These findings support a valid and reliable alternative to the original LSS long-form, especially in applied settings when time constraints require a brief measure of leadership or when study designs include multiple variables.

ACS Style

Pedro Teques; Carlos Silva; António Rosado; Luis Calmeiro; Sidónio Serpa. Refining the Short Version of the Leadership Scale for Sports: Factorial Validation and Measurement Invariance. Psychological Reports 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Pedro Teques, Carlos Silva, António Rosado, Luis Calmeiro, Sidónio Serpa. Refining the Short Version of the Leadership Scale for Sports: Factorial Validation and Measurement Invariance. Psychological Reports. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro Teques; Carlos Silva; António Rosado; Luis Calmeiro; Sidónio Serpa. 2020. "Refining the Short Version of the Leadership Scale for Sports: Factorial Validation and Measurement Invariance." Psychological Reports , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 06 March 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Background: Physical fitness in youth is a predictor of health in adulthood. The main objective of the present study was to understand if an enriched sport activity program could increase physical fitness in a population of schoolchildren. Methods: In a sample of 672 children aged 10.0 ± 1.90 years, different motor skills were tested by the 1 kg and 3 kg ball throw (BT), the standing broad jump (SBJ), the 30 m sprint (30mS), the leger shuttle run (LSR), the illinois agility test (IGT), and the quadruped test (QT). Within the controlled-trial, the intervention group (ESA) underwent an additional warm-up protocol, which included cognitive enhancing elements, for 14 weeks while the control group continued with ordinary exercise activity. Results: A significant increase was present regarding the 1 kg and 3 kg BT, the SBJ, the 30mS, and the IGT, while no significant difference was shown regarding the QT and the LSR in the ESA group between pre and post intervention. In the control group, no differences were present for any test except for the QT and the LSR post-test. Conclusion: A 14-week structured physical intervention had moderate effects regarding throwing, jumping, sprinting, and agility in a sample of schoolchildren.

ACS Style

Ewan Thomas; Antonino Bianco; Garden Tabacchi; Carlos Marques Da Silva; Nuno Loureiro; Michele Basile; Marcello Giaccone; David J. Sturm; Fatma Neşe Şahin; Özkan Güler; Manuel Gómez-López; Guillermo F. López Sánchez; Simona Pajaujiene; Ilona Judita Zuoziene; Ante Rada; Marianna Alesi; Antonio Palma. Effects of a Physical Activity Intervention on Physical Fitness of schoolchildren: The Enriched Sport Activity Program. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 1723 .

AMA Style

Ewan Thomas, Antonino Bianco, Garden Tabacchi, Carlos Marques Da Silva, Nuno Loureiro, Michele Basile, Marcello Giaccone, David J. Sturm, Fatma Neşe Şahin, Özkan Güler, Manuel Gómez-López, Guillermo F. López Sánchez, Simona Pajaujiene, Ilona Judita Zuoziene, Ante Rada, Marianna Alesi, Antonio Palma. Effects of a Physical Activity Intervention on Physical Fitness of schoolchildren: The Enriched Sport Activity Program. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (5):1723.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ewan Thomas; Antonino Bianco; Garden Tabacchi; Carlos Marques Da Silva; Nuno Loureiro; Michele Basile; Marcello Giaccone; David J. Sturm; Fatma Neşe Şahin; Özkan Güler; Manuel Gómez-López; Guillermo F. López Sánchez; Simona Pajaujiene; Ilona Judita Zuoziene; Ante Rada; Marianna Alesi; Antonio Palma. 2020. "Effects of a Physical Activity Intervention on Physical Fitness of schoolchildren: The Enriched Sport Activity Program." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5: 1723.

Journal article
Published: 16 January 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the motivational climate created by the coach and perceived by a group of young, high-performance handball players on their fear of failure and precompetitive anxiety. The study participants were 479 young handball players. The age range was 16–17 years old. Players were administered a battery composed of a Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire, a Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory, and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2R, to measure the aforementioned theoretical constructs. Using structural equation modelling (SEM), the results showed that the handball players experienced high levels task-involving climate and moderate values of self-confidence. In contrast, players experienced lower levels of ego-involving climate, fear of failure, and cognitive and somatic anxiety. The obtained model shows that fear of failure positively mediates the association between an ego-involving climate with both cognitive and somatic anxiety, and negatively in terms of self-confidence. In contrast, fear of failure does not mediate the associations between a task-involving climate and both somatic and cognitive anxiety and self-confidence.

ACS Style

Manuel Gómez-López; Carla Chicau Borrego; Carlos Marques Da Silva; Antonio Granero-Gallegos; Juan González-Hernández. Effects of Motivational Climate on Fear of Failure and Anxiety in Teen Handball Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 592 .

AMA Style

Manuel Gómez-López, Carla Chicau Borrego, Carlos Marques Da Silva, Antonio Granero-Gallegos, Juan González-Hernández. Effects of Motivational Climate on Fear of Failure and Anxiety in Teen Handball Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (2):592.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manuel Gómez-López; Carla Chicau Borrego; Carlos Marques Da Silva; Antonio Granero-Gallegos; Juan González-Hernández. 2020. "Effects of Motivational Climate on Fear of Failure and Anxiety in Teen Handball Players." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2: 592.

Review
Published: 15 December 2019 in Sustainability
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High levels of physical fitness (PF) can positively affect both health and cognitive function, thus monitoring its levels in youth can help increase health and quality of life in adult populations later on. This systematic review aims to identify PF field-based tests used in young European populations practicing sport to find tools that are adequate for the considered target involving a new battery within the Enriched Sport Activities (ESA) project. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was followed. In the 83 identified articles, the main tests used were: vertical/horizontal jumps (for muscular strength/power); push-ups, running at maximum effort, sit-ups (for muscular strength/endurance); multistage non-intermittent and intermittent tests (for aerobic endurance); sit and reach (for flexibility); sprinting and agility T-tests (for speed and agility, respectively); 10 × 5 m shuttle run (SR) (for both speed and agility). Few studies assessed coordination, reaction time, power, and balance. Although the selected tests are widely used and validated, they do not determine all PF aspects and do not reflect sport-specific features. A final decision was made for the inclusion of the following tests: standing broad jump, seated medicine ball throw, 20 m SR test, 30 m sprint, Illinois test, and a new test, i.e., the crunning test, to assess different skill-related components at once. The use of this combination of tests allows for the assessment of all PF components and can help planning effective training programs and cultivate sporting talent.

ACS Style

Garden Tabacchi; Guillermo F. Lopez Sanchez; Fatma Nese Sahin; Meltem Kizilyalli; Rosario Genchi; Michele Basile; Musa Kirkar; Carlos Silva; Nuno Loureiro; Eduardo Teixeira; Yolanda Demetriou; David Joseph Sturm; Simona Pajaujene; Ilona J. Zuoziene; Manuel Gómez-López; Ante Rada; Jelena Pausic; Nemanja Lakicevic; Luca Petrigna; Kaltrina Feka; Ana Ribeiro; Marianna Alesi; Antonino Bianco. Field-Based Tests for the Assessment of Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents Practicing Sport: A Systematic Review within the ESA Program. Sustainability 2019, 11, 7187 .

AMA Style

Garden Tabacchi, Guillermo F. Lopez Sanchez, Fatma Nese Sahin, Meltem Kizilyalli, Rosario Genchi, Michele Basile, Musa Kirkar, Carlos Silva, Nuno Loureiro, Eduardo Teixeira, Yolanda Demetriou, David Joseph Sturm, Simona Pajaujene, Ilona J. Zuoziene, Manuel Gómez-López, Ante Rada, Jelena Pausic, Nemanja Lakicevic, Luca Petrigna, Kaltrina Feka, Ana Ribeiro, Marianna Alesi, Antonino Bianco. Field-Based Tests for the Assessment of Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents Practicing Sport: A Systematic Review within the ESA Program. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (24):7187.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Garden Tabacchi; Guillermo F. Lopez Sanchez; Fatma Nese Sahin; Meltem Kizilyalli; Rosario Genchi; Michele Basile; Musa Kirkar; Carlos Silva; Nuno Loureiro; Eduardo Teixeira; Yolanda Demetriou; David Joseph Sturm; Simona Pajaujene; Ilona J. Zuoziene; Manuel Gómez-López; Ante Rada; Jelena Pausic; Nemanja Lakicevic; Luca Petrigna; Kaltrina Feka; Ana Ribeiro; Marianna Alesi; Antonino Bianco. 2019. "Field-Based Tests for the Assessment of Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents Practicing Sport: A Systematic Review within the ESA Program." Sustainability 11, no. 24: 7187.

Original research article
Published: 28 June 2019 in Frontiers in Psychology
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Drawing from the model of parental involvement in sport, the overall purpose was to examine the associations of perceptions of parenting practices (encouragement, reinforcement, instruction, and role modeling) and athletes’ psychological variables (self-efficacy, social self-efficacy, self-regulation, and intrinsic motivation) of elite and sub-elite youth athletes. Participants were elite (n = 210) and sub-elite (n = 635) athletes aged between 14 and 18 years (Mage = 16.58, SD = 1.33). Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that young elite athletes’ perceptions of sport-related parenting practices are associated with their psychological skills and performance level in sport. Specifically, in comparison with their sub-elite peers, perceptions of parental encouragement had a significantly different strong effect on intrinsic motivation. Moreover, perceptions of parental modeling revealed different effects on performance level, as well as on intrinsic motivation, and self-regulation. These perceptions of parenting practices may promote a positive learning environment, resulting in an increased likelihood of achieving a high level of sport performance in comparison with their sub-elite peers.

ACS Style

Pedro Teques; Luis Calmeiro; António Rosado; Carlos Silva; Sidónio Serpa. Perceptions of Parenting Practices and Psychological Variables of Elite and Sub-Elite Youth Athletes. Frontiers in Psychology 2019, 10, 1 .

AMA Style

Pedro Teques, Luis Calmeiro, António Rosado, Carlos Silva, Sidónio Serpa. Perceptions of Parenting Practices and Psychological Variables of Elite and Sub-Elite Youth Athletes. Frontiers in Psychology. 2019; 10 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro Teques; Luis Calmeiro; António Rosado; Carlos Silva; Sidónio Serpa. 2019. "Perceptions of Parenting Practices and Psychological Variables of Elite and Sub-Elite Youth Athletes." Frontiers in Psychology 10, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 12 March 2018 in Journal of Human Kinetics
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The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Motivational Climate Sport Youth Scale (MCSYSp) and invariance across gender and different sports (swimming, soccer, handball, basketball, futsal). A total of 4,569 athletes (3,053 males, 1,516 females) from soccer (1,098), swimming (1,049), basketball (1,754), futsal (340), and handball (328) participated in this study, with ages between 10 and 20 years (M = 15.13; SD = 1.95). The results show that the original model (two factors/12 items) did not adjust to the data in a satisfactory way; therefore, it was necessary to change the model by removing four items (two from each factor). Subsequently, the model adjusted to the data in a satisfactory way (χ2 = 499.84; df = 19; χ2/df = 26.30; p < .001; SRMR = .037; TLI = .923; CFI = .948; RMSEA = .074; IC90% .069–.080) and was invariant by gender and team sports (soccer, handball, basketball, futsal) (ΔCFK≤.01); however, it was not invariant between swimming and team sports (soccer, handball, basketball, futsal) (ΔCFI ≥ .01). In conclusion, the MCSYSp (two factors/eight items) is a valid and reliable choice that is transversal not only to gender, but also to the different studied team sports to measure the perception of the motivational climate in athletes. Future studies can research more deeply the invariance analysis between individual sports to better understand the invariance of the model between individual and team sports.

ACS Style

Diogo Monteiro; Carla Chicau Borrego; Carlos Silva; João Moutão; Daniel Almeida Marinho; Luis Cid. Motivational Climate Sport Youth Scale: Measurement Invariance Across Gender and Five Different Sports. Journal of Human Kinetics 2018, 61, 249 -261.

AMA Style

Diogo Monteiro, Carla Chicau Borrego, Carlos Silva, João Moutão, Daniel Almeida Marinho, Luis Cid. Motivational Climate Sport Youth Scale: Measurement Invariance Across Gender and Five Different Sports. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2018; 61 (1):249-261.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Diogo Monteiro; Carla Chicau Borrego; Carlos Silva; João Moutão; Daniel Almeida Marinho; Luis Cid. 2018. "Motivational Climate Sport Youth Scale: Measurement Invariance Across Gender and Five Different Sports." Journal of Human Kinetics 61, no. 1: 249-261.

Editorial
Published: 13 December 2017 in Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
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Enriched Sport Activities (ESA) Program is an Evidence-based Practice Exercise Program cofounded by the Erasmus + Programme of the European Union (Key action: Sport-579661-EPP-1-2016-2-IT-SPO-SCP)

ACS Style

Marianna Alesi; Carlos Silva; Carla Borrego; Diogo Monteiro; Rosario Genchi; Valentina Polizzi; Musa Kirkar; Yolanda Demetriou; Judith Brame; Fatma Nese Sahin; Meltem Kizilyalli; Manuel Gómez-López; Guillermo López Sánchez; Simona Pajaujiene; Vinga Indriuniene; Ante Rađa; Antonino Bianco. Cognitive and Motivational Monitoring during Enriched Sport Activities in a Sample of Children Living in Europe. The Esa Program. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 2017, 2, 46 -3.

AMA Style

Marianna Alesi, Carlos Silva, Carla Borrego, Diogo Monteiro, Rosario Genchi, Valentina Polizzi, Musa Kirkar, Yolanda Demetriou, Judith Brame, Fatma Nese Sahin, Meltem Kizilyalli, Manuel Gómez-López, Guillermo López Sánchez, Simona Pajaujiene, Vinga Indriuniene, Ante Rađa, Antonino Bianco. Cognitive and Motivational Monitoring during Enriched Sport Activities in a Sample of Children Living in Europe. The Esa Program. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2017; 2 (4):46-3.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marianna Alesi; Carlos Silva; Carla Borrego; Diogo Monteiro; Rosario Genchi; Valentina Polizzi; Musa Kirkar; Yolanda Demetriou; Judith Brame; Fatma Nese Sahin; Meltem Kizilyalli; Manuel Gómez-López; Guillermo López Sánchez; Simona Pajaujiene; Vinga Indriuniene; Ante Rađa; Antonino Bianco. 2017. "Cognitive and Motivational Monitoring during Enriched Sport Activities in a Sample of Children Living in Europe. The Esa Program." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 2, no. 4: 46-3.

Journal article
Published: 29 September 2017 in Journal of Sport and Health Science
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Recently, Mullen et al. (2011) presented an 8-item version of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) that provides a valid instrument for assessing enjoyment in physical activity. The present paper investigated the psychometric properties of a Portuguese adaptation of PACES. After a process of back-to-back translation into Portuguese, 395 members of fitness centers who ranged in age from 18 to 66 years (31.11 ± 8.90, mean ± SD) completed the translated version of the PACES. On average, participants had 3.2 years of experience in fitness group classes and practiced for approximately 3.3 times per week. An initial exploratory factor analysis (n = 139) revealed a unidimensional structure with factor loadings ranging from 0.79 to 0.89. Results also showed acceptable internal consistency. A confirmatory factor analysis in an independent sample (n = 256) provided additional support for the unidimensional structure of the questionnaire. In addition, moderate positive correlations between enjoyment and intrinsic and identified regulation, and moderate negative correlations between enjoyment and external and amotivation, demonstrate the convergent validity of the instrument. Finally, measurement invariance between 2 independent samples was also found. The 8-item Portuguese version of PACES is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring enjoyment of physical activity in Portuguese adult fitness exercisers, and it is therefore suitable to use as a measure of affect in exercise adherence interventions studies.

ACS Style

Pedro Teques; Luís Calmeiro; Carlos Silva; Carla Borrego. Validation and adaptation of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) in fitness group exercisers. Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017, 9, 352 -357.

AMA Style

Pedro Teques, Luís Calmeiro, Carlos Silva, Carla Borrego. Validation and adaptation of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) in fitness group exercisers. Journal of Sport and Health Science. 2017; 9 (4):352-357.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro Teques; Luís Calmeiro; Carlos Silva; Carla Borrego. 2017. "Validation and adaptation of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) in fitness group exercisers." Journal of Sport and Health Science 9, no. 4: 352-357.

Article
Published: 29 September 2016 in Current Psychology
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The purposes of the present multistudy were to develop and provide initial construct validity for measures based on the model of parental involvement in sport (Study 1) and examine structural relationships among the constructs of the model (Study 2). In Study 1 (nparents = 342, nathletes = 223), a confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the psychometric properties of the measures. Content and construct validity were evaluated, as well individual and composite reliability. Multi-group analysis with two independent samples provided evidence of factorial invariance. In Study 2 (nparents = 754, nathletes = 438), structural equation modeling analysis supported the hypothesised model in which athletes’ perceptions of parents’ behaviours mediated the relationship between parents’ reported behaviours and the athletes’ psychological variables conducive to their achievement in sport. The findings provide support for the parental involvement in sport model and demonstrate the role of perceptions of parents’ behaviours on young athletes’ cognitions in sport.

ACS Style

Pedro Teques; Sidónio Serpa; António Rosado; Carlos Manuel Marques Silva; Luís Calmeiro. Parental Involvement in Sport: Psychometric Development and Empirical Test of a Theoretical Model. Current Psychology 2016, 37, 234 -249.

AMA Style

Pedro Teques, Sidónio Serpa, António Rosado, Carlos Manuel Marques Silva, Luís Calmeiro. Parental Involvement in Sport: Psychometric Development and Empirical Test of a Theoretical Model. Current Psychology. 2016; 37 (1):234-249.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro Teques; Sidónio Serpa; António Rosado; Carlos Manuel Marques Silva; Luís Calmeiro. 2016. "Parental Involvement in Sport: Psychometric Development and Empirical Test of a Theoretical Model." Current Psychology 37, no. 1: 234-249.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2012 in Journal of Human Kinetics
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Group cohesion in sport is a widely spread theme today. Research has found cohesion to be influenced byseveral individual and group components. Among the cognitive variables that relate to cohesion we found competitiveanxiety. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between task cohesion (ATG-T, and GI-T) andcompetitive state anxiety (A-state), and also if there would be a relation between cohesion and self-confidence.Participants were 366 football players of both genders male and female, aged between 15 to 23 years old, fromPortugal’s championships. Cohesion was measured using the Portuguese version of the Group EnvironmentQuestionnaire, and to assess competitive anxiety, we used the Portuguese version of the Competition State AnxietyInventory 2. Our results show that female athletes report experiencing more cognitive anxiety and less self-confidencethan male athletes. Only cognitive anxiety relates in a significantly negative way with the perception of cohesion (GI-Te ATG-T) in the total number of participants and in male athletes. Relatively to the somatic anxiety, it only relatesnegatively with the perception of the integration of the group in the total number of participants and in the malegender.

ACS Style

Carla Chicau Borrego; Luis Cid; Carlos Silva. Relationship between group cohesion and anxiety in soccer. Journal of Human Kinetics 2012, 34, 119 -127.

AMA Style

Carla Chicau Borrego, Luis Cid, Carlos Silva. Relationship between group cohesion and anxiety in soccer. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2012; 34 (1):119-127.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carla Chicau Borrego; Luis Cid; Carlos Silva. 2012. "Relationship between group cohesion and anxiety in soccer." Journal of Human Kinetics 34, no. 1: 119-127.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2012 in Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte
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ACS Style

Carla Chicau Borrego; Carlos Silva. Propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa para jovens atletas de basquetebol do motivational climate scale for youth sports. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte 2012, 12, 5 -8.

AMA Style

Carla Chicau Borrego, Carlos Silva. Propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa para jovens atletas de basquetebol do motivational climate scale for youth sports. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte. 2012; 12 ():5-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carla Chicau Borrego; Carlos Silva. 2012. "Propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa para jovens atletas de basquetebol do motivational climate scale for youth sports." Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte 12, no. : 5-8.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2010 in Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica
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O objectivo do estudo foi examinar as propriedades psicométrica da versão Portuguesa do Questionário de Satisfação do Atleta ([QSA/Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire - ASQ], Riemer & Chelladurai, 1998), através da análise factorial confirmatória, uma vez que as características culturais e de idioma podem afectar a aplicação e interpretação do questionário. O QSA possui 14 dimensões, com 54 itens e visa avaliar a satisfação do atleta com a sua experiência desportiva. O modelo foi testado com uma amostra de 527 atletas de diferentes modalidades: basquetebol, andebol, futebol e voleibol, dos campeonatos nacionais e regionais de Portugal. Todos os factores apresentam elevados coeficientes de consistência interna, com valores de alpha de Cronbach entre a=0,70 e a =0,94. De uma forma geral os valores dos indicadores globais de ajustamento do modelo observado, resultantes da análise factorial confirmatória (robustos TLI/NNFI=0,93, CFI=0,93 e do IFI=0,93, RMSEA=0,042 (0,039 - 0,044 e o índice SRMR=0,05) expressam a sua qualidade. Assim, os resultados sugerem que a avaliação da satisfação do atleta nas diversas facetas consideradas relevantes para a sua experiencia desportiva, parece poder ser realizada em futuras pesquisas, através da utilização do ASQ versão portuguesa The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire (ASQ), developed by Riemer and Chelladurai (1998), through confirmatory factor analysis since cultural and language characteristics can affect the applicability and the interpretation of the multidimensional Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire. The ASQ has 14 dimensions, with 54 items to evaluate the athletes' satisfaction with their sports experience. The model was tested with a sample of 527 athletes (basketball, handball, soccer and volleyball players) from national and regional championships in Portugal. All factors have good internal reliability coefficients, with Cronbach alpha values ranging from a=0.70 to a =0.94. The results of confirmatory analysis, (robust TLI/NNFI=0.93, CFI=0.93, IFI=0.93, RMSEA=0.042 (0.039 - 0.044) and SRMR=0.05) show that the model has good fit indexes, which express its quality. Therefore, this study points out that the evaluation of athletes satisfaction in different facets which are considered relevant to their sports experience through the use of the ASQ Portuguese version is valid and reliable

ACS Style

Carla M. Chicau Borrego; José Carlos Leitão; José Alves; Carlos Manuel Marques Silva; Joan Palmi. Análise confirmatória do Questionário de Satisfação do Atleta: versão Portuguesa. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica 2010, 23, 110 -120.

AMA Style

Carla M. Chicau Borrego, José Carlos Leitão, José Alves, Carlos Manuel Marques Silva, Joan Palmi. Análise confirmatória do Questionário de Satisfação do Atleta: versão Portuguesa. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica. 2010; 23 (1):110-120.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carla M. Chicau Borrego; José Carlos Leitão; José Alves; Carlos Manuel Marques Silva; Joan Palmi. 2010. "Análise confirmatória do Questionário de Satisfação do Atleta: versão Portuguesa." Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica 23, no. 1: 110-120.

Journal article
Published: 07 March 2010 in The Open Sports Sciences Journal
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ACS Style

Luis Cid; Joao Pacheco; Carla Chicau Borrego; Carlos Manuel Marques Silva. Assessment of Achievement Goals in Portuguese Football Referees: Exploring the Adaptation of the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQp). The Open Sports Sciences Journal 2010, 3, 87 -89.

AMA Style

Luis Cid, Joao Pacheco, Carla Chicau Borrego, Carlos Manuel Marques Silva. Assessment of Achievement Goals in Portuguese Football Referees: Exploring the Adaptation of the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQp). The Open Sports Sciences Journal. 2010; 3 (1):87-89.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Cid; Joao Pacheco; Carla Chicau Borrego; Carlos Manuel Marques Silva. 2010. "Assessment of Achievement Goals in Portuguese Football Referees: Exploring the Adaptation of the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQp)." The Open Sports Sciences Journal 3, no. 1: 87-89.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2010 in Motricidade
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The self-determination theory is a psychological approach to motivation that focuses on causes and consequences of human behavior regulation. According several authors, this theoretical framework could provide important information about the student’s motivational process to physical education class, however, in Portugal does not exists any instrument to measure the basic psychological needs in this domain. So, the main propose of this study is the preliminary adaptation to physical education contexts of Basic Psychological Needs Exercise Scale (Portuguese version: BPNESp), and determine their initial psychometrics properties through an exploratory factor analysis. This propose was accomplished with a sample of 150 students (n=150) from de 2nd and 3rd CEB, aged from 11 to 16 years (M = 13.39, SD = 1.44) with different levels of sports practice. Results revealed a factorial structure just like the original model (12 items grouped in 3 factors, with 4 items hitch factor) and presents acceptable values of validity and reliability. Those findings allow us to conclude, that questionnaire can be used in future investigations to measure the basic psychological needs in physical education.

ACS Style

Ana Pires; Luis Cid; Carla Borrego; José Alves; Carlos Manuel Marques Silva. Validação preliminar de um questionário para avaliar as necessidades psicológicas básicas em Educação Física. Motricidade 2010, 6, 1 .

AMA Style

Ana Pires, Luis Cid, Carla Borrego, José Alves, Carlos Manuel Marques Silva. Validação preliminar de um questionário para avaliar as necessidades psicológicas básicas em Educação Física. Motricidade. 2010; 6 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Pires; Luis Cid; Carla Borrego; José Alves; Carlos Manuel Marques Silva. 2010. "Validação preliminar de um questionário para avaliar as necessidades psicológicas básicas em Educação Física." Motricidade 6, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2007 in Motricidade
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Nowadays several scientific evidences tell us that the regular physical activity has unquestionable benefits for physical and psychological health, and that causes a significant impact in general well-being into people of all ages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and establish a psychological profile of the adherence to exercise and health programs, based in the following variables: motivation, mood states, depression, anxiety and stress. For such, we studied a sample of 70 individuals, of both genders (67 females and 3 males), with 36.90±15.4 years old of mean age (between 17 and the 71). All of them are participants of the five sport centers that compose the exercise and health programme “More Sport, More Health”, of Rio Maior town council. The measurement instruments were the following: EMI-2 (Exercise Motivations Inventory); POMS (Profile of Mood States); DASS (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales). Results show that the main reason to engage individuals in this kind of programs are health related factors. In other words, individuals present a profile that seeks physical activity to be healthy (e.g. Being Healthy 4.48±0.61 and Revitalization 4.31±0.64), because that gives sensations of vigor-activity (i.e. physical or mental strength). This feeling reflects the higher value of positive mood states (e.g. vigor 2.28±0.87), also the lower values of depression (0.47±0.61), anxiety (0.49±0.58) and stress (0.81±0.62).

ACS Style

Luís Cid; Carlos Manuel Marques Silva; J L A Alves. Actividade física e bem-estar psicológico - perfil dos participantes no programa de exercício e saúde de rio maior. Motricidade 2007, 3, 47 -55.

AMA Style

Luís Cid, Carlos Manuel Marques Silva, J L A Alves. Actividade física e bem-estar psicológico - perfil dos participantes no programa de exercício e saúde de rio maior. Motricidade. 2007; 3 (2):47-55.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luís Cid; Carlos Manuel Marques Silva; J L A Alves. 2007. "Actividade física e bem-estar psicológico - perfil dos participantes no programa de exercício e saúde de rio maior." Motricidade 3, no. 2: 47-55.