The perception of linkages between ecosystem services (ES) and the urban green infrastructure (UGI) is evaluated, and their impact on human well-being (WB) is defined. Using a theoretical approach, the UGI’s specific contribution to WB is calculated as the sum of the products of (a) the number of perceived ES per ES group and the WB weight factor divided by the product of (b) the number of respondents and (c) the sum of the products of ES and the WB weight factor. Stakeholders demand more ES than the perceived ES supply from all types of UGI, especially for the social relations component of WB. The highest number of perceived ES and greatest impact on all WB components is provided by urban forests. This method could be helpful in acknowledging ES and involving stakeholders not previously familiar with the ES concept with the aim of introducing ES into UGI governance.

Groundwater provides much of the water used globally for irrigation and human consumption and is central to the One Health framework. Healthy groundwater depends on self-purification processes performed by diverse groundwater biota, but these processes can be threatened by the effects of irrigation. In the present article, we explore this threat using an interdisciplinary framework and propose recommendations for sustainable irrigation. We identified two major potentially harmful effects of irrigation on groundwater ecosystems: habitat loss from lowering water tables and irrigation-induced leaching of contaminants into groundwater. These effects can be mitigated by improving technological practices, crop selection, the use of natural small water retention measures, precision irrigation, and the controlled use of agrochemicals. The construction and operation of irrigation systems should consider hydrogeological conditions. We recommend prioritizing groundwater biomonitoring at abstraction and irrigation sites, considering different aquifer types, and implementing advanced methods to identify multiple contamination sources.