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Prof. Dr. Domenico Caivano
University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

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0 Echocardiography
0 electrocardiography
0 companion animal
0 Veterinary Cardiology
0 Thoracic ultrasound

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Case report
Published: 17 June 2021 in Veterinary Sciences
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A 14-year-old mixed-breed dog with a 2-year history of myxomatous mitral valve disease was examined for collapse and lethargy. At the presentation, pale oral mucous membranes, rapid and weak femoral pulses, and muffled heart sounds with a moderate left apical systolic murmur were revealed. Echocardiographic examination showed pericardial effusion with organized echogenic material originating from the left atrial wall. Tamponade of the right atrium and severe left atrial enlargement were also observed. Multiple views of the left atrium and left auricle allowed to visualize a hyperechoic mass adherent to the endocardium of the left atrial wall. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography study allowed to rule out active intrapericardial hemorrhages, and echo-guided pericardiocentesis was performed. No recurrence of pericardial effusion was observed, but the dog suddenly died after 10 days. The postmortem examination confirmed multifocal left atrial thrombosis attached to the endomyocardial tears.

ACS Style

Domenico Caivano; Maria Marchesi; Francesco Birettoni; Elvio Lepri; Francesco Porciello. Left Atrial Mural Thrombosis and Hemopericardium in a Dog with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease. Veterinary Sciences 2021, 8, 112 .

AMA Style

Domenico Caivano, Maria Marchesi, Francesco Birettoni, Elvio Lepri, Francesco Porciello. Left Atrial Mural Thrombosis and Hemopericardium in a Dog with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease. Veterinary Sciences. 2021; 8 (6):112.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Domenico Caivano; Maria Marchesi; Francesco Birettoni; Elvio Lepri; Francesco Porciello. 2021. "Left Atrial Mural Thrombosis and Hemopericardium in a Dog with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease." Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 6: 112.

Case report
Published: 27 January 2021 in Animals
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Congenital heart defects have been occasionally reported in cattle and ventricular septal defect represents the most frequently encountered anomaly. The double-outlet right ventricle is a rare congenital ventriculoarterial malformation reported only in certain cattle breeds. We describe this rare and complex congenital cardiac malformation observed in a 10-day-old male Chianina calf. Clinical examination showed tachycardia, tachypnea, jugular pulses, cyanotic mucous membranes and a right apical systolic murmur. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed severe dilation of the right-sided cardiac chambers with a markedly hypoplastic left ventricle. Both aorta and pulmonary artery leaving the right ventricle in parallel alignment with the tricuspid valve were suggestive of a dual-outlet right ventricle. Interventricular and interatrial septal defects were also visualized. Post-mortem examination confirmed the echocardiographic findings. To the authors’ knowledge, a similar complex congenital cardiac malformation has not been reported in calves of the Chianina breed to date.

ACS Style

Domenico Caivano; Maria Marchesi; Piero Boni; Noemi Venanzi; Giovanni Angeli; Francesco Porciello; Elvio Lepri. Double-Outlet Right Ventricle in a Chianina Calf. Animals 2021, 11, 318 .

AMA Style

Domenico Caivano, Maria Marchesi, Piero Boni, Noemi Venanzi, Giovanni Angeli, Francesco Porciello, Elvio Lepri. Double-Outlet Right Ventricle in a Chianina Calf. Animals. 2021; 11 (2):318.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Domenico Caivano; Maria Marchesi; Piero Boni; Noemi Venanzi; Giovanni Angeli; Francesco Porciello; Elvio Lepri. 2021. "Double-Outlet Right Ventricle in a Chianina Calf." Animals 11, no. 2: 318.

Case report
Published: 29 November 2020 in Veterinary Sciences
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A 13-year-old male mixed-breed dog was examined because of hematuria and pyrexia. Ultrasonographic examination of the genitourinary tract showed the presence of a migrating grass awn in the right prostatic lobe. Laparotomy allowed, under ultrasonographic guidance, to remove entirely the migrating grass awn from the prostatic parenchyma. The recovery was uneventful and four months after the surgery the owner reported that the dog showed the complete resolution of the clinical signs and full return to normal activity. To our knowledge, this case report describes for the first time the clinical presentation, imaging findings, management and outcome for a dog with prostatic localization of a migrating grass awn.

ACS Style

Maria Chiara Marchesi; Giulia Moretti; Giovanni Angeli; Francesco Birettoni; Francesco Porciello; Antonello Bufalari; Domenico Caivano. Prostatic Localization of a Migrating Grass Awn Foreign Body in a Dog. Veterinary Sciences 2020, 7, 192 .

AMA Style

Maria Chiara Marchesi, Giulia Moretti, Giovanni Angeli, Francesco Birettoni, Francesco Porciello, Antonello Bufalari, Domenico Caivano. Prostatic Localization of a Migrating Grass Awn Foreign Body in a Dog. Veterinary Sciences. 2020; 7 (4):192.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Chiara Marchesi; Giulia Moretti; Giovanni Angeli; Francesco Birettoni; Francesco Porciello; Antonello Bufalari; Domenico Caivano. 2020. "Prostatic Localization of a Migrating Grass Awn Foreign Body in a Dog." Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 4: 192.

Standard article
Published: 19 September 2020 in Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
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Background Systemic hypertension (SH) is a persistent and pathological increase in arterial blood pressure (BP). Chronic SH leads to an increase in aortic (Ao) stiffness, and measuring Ao elasticity is useful for estimating Ao stiffness in humans. Currently, no literature in veterinary medicine describes noninvasive assessment of abdominal Ao elasticity in dogs with SH. Objective Compare ultrasonographic‐derived abdominal Ao strain (AoSt) between hypertensive (HT) and normotensive (NT) dogs. Animals Fifty privately‐owned dogs with clinical signs, conditions, or both potentially associated with SH. Methods Prospective observational case‐control study. Aortic stiffness was estimated by calculating AoSt as follows: AoSt = ([AoDs − AoDd]/AoDd) × 100, where AoDs and AoDd are the Ao diameter in systole and in diastole, respectively. Aortic stiffness was calculated from 2 different Ao transverse sections, the first caudal to the left renal artery (K_AoSt), and the second cranial to the external iliac arteries (I_AoSt). Results Thirty‐two dogs were included in the HT group and 18 in the NT group. Both K_AoSt and I_AoSt in HT dogs were significantly lower (P < .05) than in NT dogs (7.4 ± SD 3.6) vs 10.3 (±3.8) and 5.7 (interquartile range [IQR], 3.9‐7.5) vs 8.1 (IQR, 7‐10.3), respectively. Only K_AoSt was significantly influenced by age. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Ultrasonographic Ao elasticity assessment was feasible to compare HT and NT dogs. Results indicated that K_AoSt and I_AoSt indices can be used to assess SH‐related Ao stiffness, especially when indirect BP measurements are inconsistent or inaccurate. Additional studies to assess the AoSt in healthy dogs of various ages are needed.

ACS Style

Andrea Corda; Francesca Corda; Domenico Caivano; Laura Saderi; Giovanni Sotgiu; Alessandra Mollica; Francesco Birettoni; Francesco Porciello; Maria Luisa Pinna Parpaglia. Ultrasonographic assessment of abdominal aortic elasticity in hypertensive dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2020, 34, 2337 -2344.

AMA Style

Andrea Corda, Francesca Corda, Domenico Caivano, Laura Saderi, Giovanni Sotgiu, Alessandra Mollica, Francesco Birettoni, Francesco Porciello, Maria Luisa Pinna Parpaglia. Ultrasonographic assessment of abdominal aortic elasticity in hypertensive dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 2020; 34 (6):2337-2344.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Corda; Francesca Corda; Domenico Caivano; Laura Saderi; Giovanni Sotgiu; Alessandra Mollica; Francesco Birettoni; Francesco Porciello; Maria Luisa Pinna Parpaglia. 2020. "Ultrasonographic assessment of abdominal aortic elasticity in hypertensive dogs." Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 34, no. 6: 2337-2344.

Journal article
Published: 06 August 2020 in Veterinary Sciences
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Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is a novel, angle-independent imaging technique useful to assess myocardial function by strain and strain rate analysis in human and veterinary medicine. Commonly, the left apical four-chamber (LAP4Ch) view is used to assess left ventricular (LV) longitudinal deformation in dogs and cats. However, the right parasternal four-chamber (RP4Ch) view is often more easily obtained than the LAP4Ch view in cats. No studies exist comparing longitudinal strain and strain rate values using STE from different echocardiographic views in cats. Therefore, we examined the agreement between RP4Ch and LAP4Ch for assessment of LV longitudinal strain and strain rate in cats. We acquired 2D echocardiographic cineloops from RP4Ch and LAP4Ch views and analyzed LV longitudinal strain and strain rate in 50 cats (31 healthy cats and 19 cats with different disease states) using XstrainTM software. Peak systolic strain and strain rate values of endocardial and epicardial border were used for the analysis. The two echocardiographic views were compared using limits-of-agreement analyses and intra-observer measurement variability was assessed. We could obtain longitudinal strain and strain rate from the RP4Ch view in all cats. Strain, but not strain rate, had good intra-observer measurement variability (<10% vs. <20%). However, only endocardial strain values obtained with the two views agreed sufficiently to be used interchangeably (95% limits of agreement: −3.28, 2.58). Epicardial strain/strain rate and endocardial strain rate values did not agree sufficiently to be used interchangeably (95% limits of agreement: −11.58, 9.19; −2.28, 1.74; −1.41, 1.36, respectively). Our study suggests that RP4Ch view was feasible for assessment of the LV longitudinal deformation analysis by STE in cats, but only endocardial longitudinal strain values obtained from the two different views were interchangeable.

ACS Style

Domenico Caivano; Mark Rishniw; Lucia Baiona; Francesco Birettoni; Noemi Nisini; Francesco Porciello. Assessment of Longitudinal Left Ventricle Deformation by 2-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography Obtained from Different Views in Cats. Veterinary Sciences 2020, 7, 104 .

AMA Style

Domenico Caivano, Mark Rishniw, Lucia Baiona, Francesco Birettoni, Noemi Nisini, Francesco Porciello. Assessment of Longitudinal Left Ventricle Deformation by 2-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography Obtained from Different Views in Cats. Veterinary Sciences. 2020; 7 (3):104.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Domenico Caivano; Mark Rishniw; Lucia Baiona; Francesco Birettoni; Noemi Nisini; Francesco Porciello. 2020. "Assessment of Longitudinal Left Ventricle Deformation by 2-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography Obtained from Different Views in Cats." Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 3: 104.

Case report
Published: 03 June 2020 in Topics in Companion Animal Medicine
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A 4-year-old, 20 kg, female mixed breed dog was referred to our Veterinary Teaching Hospital for severe respiratory distress. Thoracic ultrasonography revealed severe pleural effusion with multiple anechoic cystic structures within the fluid. Abdominal cavity presented few small and irregular cystic structures. Diagnosis of infection by larval stages of Mesocestoides spp. on the basis of a PCR approach was performed and therapy with oral fenbendazole was started. Due to an incomplete clinical response, the dog underwent to remove metacestodes cysts by surgical debridement. The dog showed no recurrence of clinical signs for 12 months after the surgery. Pleural larval cestodiasis should be added as a differential diagnosis in the list of diseases causing pleural effusion in dogs.

ACS Style

Vasilica-Flory Petrescu; Giulia Morganti; Giulia Moretti; Francesco Birettoni; Alessandra Cafiso; Antonello Bufalari; Elvio Lepri; Domenico Caivano; Francesco Porciello. Severe Pleural Effusion in a Dog Affected by Larval Mesocestodiasis. Topics in Companion Animal Medicine 2020, 40, 100450 .

AMA Style

Vasilica-Flory Petrescu, Giulia Morganti, Giulia Moretti, Francesco Birettoni, Alessandra Cafiso, Antonello Bufalari, Elvio Lepri, Domenico Caivano, Francesco Porciello. Severe Pleural Effusion in a Dog Affected by Larval Mesocestodiasis. Topics in Companion Animal Medicine. 2020; 40 ():100450.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vasilica-Flory Petrescu; Giulia Morganti; Giulia Moretti; Francesco Birettoni; Alessandra Cafiso; Antonello Bufalari; Elvio Lepri; Domenico Caivano; Francesco Porciello. 2020. "Severe Pleural Effusion in a Dog Affected by Larval Mesocestodiasis." Topics in Companion Animal Medicine 40, no. : 100450.

Journal article
Published: 07 February 2020 in Veterinary Sciences
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Right ventricular (RV) strain analysis using 2-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D STE) permits practitioners to assess regional and global deformation of the myocardium. Recently, assessment of the longitudinal right ventricle (RV) strain and strain rate using 2D STE has been reported in dogs. Although longitudinal deformation is the dominant component of the RV systole, RV myocardial fibers of the superficial layer are oriented circumferentially and these contribute to the RV pump function (radial deformation). Because this strain component has not been investigated in dogs, we have assessed radial RV strain and strain rate using 2D STE in healthy dogs and dogs with pulmonary hypertension (PH). We have recruited 74 dogs (40 healthy dogs and 34 dogs with PH) in which we have analyzed radial RV free wall strain and strain rate using XstrainTM software. We have used the left apical 4-chamber view optimized for the RV for analysis of the radial strain and strain rate variables (XstrainTM software denoted radial strain as “transverse”). Seven dogs were excluded during the analysis for low quality images. Transverse strain and strain rate obtained in healthy dogs showed no relationship with heart rate, body weight or age (r2 < 0.09 and p > 0.05 for all variables). Moreover, no relationship between transverse strain/strain rate variables and left atrial-to-aortic ratios was observed (r2 < 0.06 and p = 0.2, for both). Transverse strain and strain rate obtained in dogs with PH, showed weak negative relationships with tricuspid regurgitation velocity (r2 < 0.25 and p = 0.006, for both). Transverse RV strain and strain rate using 2D STE is feasible in most dogs and decrease with worsening of the PH, but these advanced echocardiographic indices do not help in identifying dogs with PH.

ACS Style

Domenico Caivano; Mark Rishniw; Francesco Birettoni; Vasilica-Flory Petrescu; Francesco Porciello. Transverse Right Ventricle Strain and Strain Rate Assessed by 2-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Dogs with Pulmonary Hypertension. Veterinary Sciences 2020, 7, 19 .

AMA Style

Domenico Caivano, Mark Rishniw, Francesco Birettoni, Vasilica-Flory Petrescu, Francesco Porciello. Transverse Right Ventricle Strain and Strain Rate Assessed by 2-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Dogs with Pulmonary Hypertension. Veterinary Sciences. 2020; 7 (1):19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Domenico Caivano; Mark Rishniw; Francesco Birettoni; Vasilica-Flory Petrescu; Francesco Porciello. 2020. "Transverse Right Ventricle Strain and Strain Rate Assessed by 2-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Dogs with Pulmonary Hypertension." Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 1: 19.

Short communication
Published: 03 December 2018 in Revue Vétérinaire Clinique
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A 10-month-old male American Pitbull Terrier puppy was treated for the correction of cor triatriatum dexter by balloon catheter dilation under echocardiographic guidance. Two weeks after the interventional procedure, the dog presented ascites because re-stenosis of cor triatriatum dexter occurred. A second interventional procedure, by combining membranostomy and balloon catheter dilation of the intra-atrial septum, allowed the resolution of congestive heart failure. Based on the clinical outcome, the alternative approach described in this report appears to be a viable treatment option for dogs affected with cor triatriatum dexter, especially when re-stenosis occurs. Un chiot mâle Pitbull Terrier Américain de 10 mois a été soumis à une intervention chirurgicale pour la correction du cor triatriatum dexter à travers la dilatation du cathéter à ballon sous conduite échocardiographique. Deux semaines plus tard, l’animal a manifesté une ascite suite à la re-sténose du cor triatriatum dexter. Une deuxième intervention chirurgicale, associant la membranostomie à la dilatation du cathéter à ballon du septum intra-atrial, a permis de traiter l’insuffisance cardiaque congestive. En se basant sur ce décours clinique, l’approche chirurgicale alternative ici reportée semble être une valide option de traitement des chiots atteints du cor triatriatum dexter, surtout en cas d’occurrence de la re-sténose.

ACS Style

D. Caivano; A. Corda; F. Birettoni; M.L. Pinna Parpaglia; I. Mele; F. Porciello. Management of re-stenosis following balloon catheter dilation of cor triatriatum dexter in a dog. Revue Vétérinaire Clinique 2018, 54, 37 -41.

AMA Style

D. Caivano, A. Corda, F. Birettoni, M.L. Pinna Parpaglia, I. Mele, F. Porciello. Management of re-stenosis following balloon catheter dilation of cor triatriatum dexter in a dog. Revue Vétérinaire Clinique. 2018; 54 (1):37-41.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D. Caivano; A. Corda; F. Birettoni; M.L. Pinna Parpaglia; I. Mele; F. Porciello. 2018. "Management of re-stenosis following balloon catheter dilation of cor triatriatum dexter in a dog." Revue Vétérinaire Clinique 54, no. 1: 37-41.

Case reports
Published: 01 August 2018 in Journal of Veterinary Cardiology
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In humans, accessory pathways (APs) in an anteroseptal and midseptal position are often challenging to ablate because of their close proximity with the conduction pathways of the atrioventricular junction. The use of low-energy ablation techniques can be useful to reduce the risk of permanently damaging the atrioventricular node and the His bundle. This report describes the use of low-energy radiofrequency catheter ablation to successfully and permanently ablate anteroseptal APs in two dogs with orthodromic atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia. In the first dog, a transient first degree atrioventricular block persisted for 30 s after radiofrequency energy delivery. In the second dog, transient paroxysmal atrioventricular conduction block was observed during the procedure but resolved within 3 days. First degree atrioventricular block was again identified 2 months later. In conclusion, anteroseptal APs can be effectively treated by low-energy radiofrequency catheter ablation with minimal and transient damage to the atrioventricular junction.

ACS Style

R.A. Santilli; D. Caivano; R. Pariaut; F. Birettoni; M. Perego; F. Porciello; N.S. Moïse. Low-energy ablation of anteroseptal accessory pathways in two dogs. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology 2018, 20, 285 -293.

AMA Style

R.A. Santilli, D. Caivano, R. Pariaut, F. Birettoni, M. Perego, F. Porciello, N.S. Moïse. Low-energy ablation of anteroseptal accessory pathways in two dogs. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology. 2018; 20 (4):285-293.

Chicago/Turabian Style

R.A. Santilli; D. Caivano; R. Pariaut; F. Birettoni; M. Perego; F. Porciello; N.S. Moïse. 2018. "Low-energy ablation of anteroseptal accessory pathways in two dogs." Journal of Veterinary Cardiology 20, no. 4: 285-293.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2018 in Journal of Veterinary Cardiology
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Left atrial (LA) function can provide useful information in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Recently, we have demonstrated the feasibility of measuring LA longitudinal deformation using speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) to estimate LA function in healthy dogs. Whether LA strain and strain rate variables provide additional information about LA function and clinical cardiac status in dogs with MMVD remains unexplored. Ninety-six client-owned dogs of different breeds with MMVD were prospectively enrolled. LA longitudinal deformation was evaluated in each dog by STE and different STE variables were used to assess LA function. No STE variables differed between American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Stage B1 and B2 dogs but were lower in Stage C dogs. Peak atrial longitudinal average strain < 27.9%, left-atrial-to-aortic ratio > 2.2 and peak atrial contraction average strain < 7.25% discriminated symptomatic MMVD dogs by receiver operating characteristic analysis with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 100% (95% confidence interval [CI] 91–100%), 92% (95% CI 78–98%) and 98% (95% CI 87–100%), 100% (95% CI 91–100%) and 95% (95% CI 83–99%), respectively. In 12 dogs with similar left-atrial-to-aortic ratio, peak atrial longitudinal average strain and peak atrial contraction average strain differentiated dogs with subclinical disease from those with congestive heart failure (CHF). Dogs with MMVD in CHF appear to have lower LA longitudinal strain and strain rate variables compared with dogs with subclinical disease. Further studies are needed to establish if our initial findings can provide useful information for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of dogs with MMVD.

ACS Style

D. Caivano; M. Rishniw; F. Birettoni; V. Patata; M.E. Giorgi; F. Porciello. Left atrial deformation and phasic function determined by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology 2018, 20, 102 -114.

AMA Style

D. Caivano, M. Rishniw, F. Birettoni, V. Patata, M.E. Giorgi, F. Porciello. Left atrial deformation and phasic function determined by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology. 2018; 20 (2):102-114.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D. Caivano; M. Rishniw; F. Birettoni; V. Patata; M.E. Giorgi; F. Porciello. 2018. "Left atrial deformation and phasic function determined by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease." Journal of Veterinary Cardiology 20, no. 2: 102-114.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Journal of Veterinary Cardiology
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To provide reference intervals for 2-dimensional linear and area-based estimates of left atrial (LA) function in healthy dogs and to evaluate the ability of estimates of LA function to differentiate dogs with subclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and similarly affected dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF). Fifty-two healthy adult dogs, 88 dogs with MMVD of varying severity. Linear and area measurements from 2-dimensional echocardiographs in both right parasternal long and short axis views optimized for the left atrium were used to derive estimates of LA active emptying fraction, passive emptying fraction, expansion index, and total fractional emptying. Differences for each estimate were compared between healthy and MMVD dogs (based on ACVIM classification), and between MMVD dogs with subclinical disease and CHF that had similar LA dimensions. Diagnostic utility at identifying CHF was examined for dogs with subclinical MMVD and CHF. Relationships with bodyweight were assessed. All estimates of LA function decreased with increasing ACVIM stage of mitral valve disease (p<0.05) and showed negative relationships with increasing LA size (all r2 values < 0.2), except for LA passive emptying fraction, which did not differ or correlate with LA size (p=0.4). However, no index of LA function identified CHF better than measurements of LA size. Total LA fractional emptying and expansion index showed modest negative correlations with bodyweight. Estimates of LA function worsen with worsening MMVD but fail to discriminate dogs with CHF from those with subclinical MMVD any better than simple estimates of LA size.

ACS Style

David Dickson; Domenico Caivano; Jose Novo Matos; Nuala Summerfield; Mark Rishniw. Two-dimensional echocardiographic estimates of left atrial function in healthy dogs and dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology 2017, 19, 469 -479.

AMA Style

David Dickson, Domenico Caivano, Jose Novo Matos, Nuala Summerfield, Mark Rishniw. Two-dimensional echocardiographic estimates of left atrial function in healthy dogs and dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology. 2017; 19 (6):469-479.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Dickson; Domenico Caivano; Jose Novo Matos; Nuala Summerfield; Mark Rishniw. 2017. "Two-dimensional echocardiographic estimates of left atrial function in healthy dogs and dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease." Journal of Veterinary Cardiology 19, no. 6: 469-479.

Journal article
Published: 14 February 2017 in Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica
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Migrating plant material is often suspected clinically to be the underlying cause of iliopsoas myositis in the dog, but cannot always be found pre- or intraoperatively. In most cases, recurrence of clinical signs is related to failure to remove the plant material. Preoperative ultrasonography can be useful to visualize migrating plant material and to determine anatomical landmarks that can assist in planning a surgical approach. The purpose of the present study was to report the role of intraoperative (intra-abdominal) ultrasonography for visualizing and removing the plant material from iliopsoas abscesses using a ventral midline laparotomy approach. A retrospective case series of 22 dogs with iliopsoas muscle abnormalities and suspected plant material was reported. Preoperative visualization and subsequent retrieval of the plant material was performed during a single hospitalization. In all 22 dogs, the plant material (including complete grass awns, grass awn fragments and a bramble twig) was successfully removed via ventral midline laparotomy in which intraoperative ultrasonography was used to direct the grasping forceps tips to the foreign body and guide its removal. In 11 of these 22 dogs, the plant material was not completely removed during prior surgery performed by the referring veterinarians without pre- or intraoperative ultrasonography. Clinical signs resolved in all dogs and all dogs resumed normal activity after successful surgical removal of the plant material. Intraoperative ultrasonography is a safe and readily available tool that improves success of surgical removal of plant material within the iliopsoas abscesses via ventral midline laparotomy. Moreover, ultrasonographic findings of unusual plant material can be useful in planning and guiding surgical removal, by providing information about the size and shape of the foreign body.

ACS Style

Francesco Birettoni; Domenico Caivano; Mark Rishniw; Giulia Moretti; Francesco Porciello; Maria Elena Giorgi; Alberto Crovace; Erika Bianchini; Antonello Bufalari. Preoperative and intraoperative ultrasound aids removal of migrating plant material causing iliopsoas myositis via ventral midline laparotomy: a study of 22 dogs. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 2017, 59, 12 .

AMA Style

Francesco Birettoni, Domenico Caivano, Mark Rishniw, Giulia Moretti, Francesco Porciello, Maria Elena Giorgi, Alberto Crovace, Erika Bianchini, Antonello Bufalari. Preoperative and intraoperative ultrasound aids removal of migrating plant material causing iliopsoas myositis via ventral midline laparotomy: a study of 22 dogs. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 2017; 59 (1):12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesco Birettoni; Domenico Caivano; Mark Rishniw; Giulia Moretti; Francesco Porciello; Maria Elena Giorgi; Alberto Crovace; Erika Bianchini; Antonello Bufalari. 2017. "Preoperative and intraoperative ultrasound aids removal of migrating plant material causing iliopsoas myositis via ventral midline laparotomy: a study of 22 dogs." Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 59, no. 1: 12.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2016 in Journal of Veterinary Cardiology
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This study provides detailed methodology and 2D and M-mode reference intervals for the RPV and RPA dimensions and the phasic changes during the cardiac cycle of the dog using echocardiography.

ACS Style

F. Birettoni; D. Caivano; V. Patata; N.S. Moïse; C. Guglielmini; M. Rishniw; F. Porciello. Canine pulmonary vein-to-pulmonary artery ratio: echocardiographic technique and reference intervals. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology 2016, 18, 326 -335.

AMA Style

F. Birettoni, D. Caivano, V. Patata, N.S. Moïse, C. Guglielmini, M. Rishniw, F. Porciello. Canine pulmonary vein-to-pulmonary artery ratio: echocardiographic technique and reference intervals. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology. 2016; 18 (4):326-335.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. Birettoni; D. Caivano; V. Patata; N.S. Moïse; C. Guglielmini; M. Rishniw; F. Porciello. 2016. "Canine pulmonary vein-to-pulmonary artery ratio: echocardiographic technique and reference intervals." Journal of Veterinary Cardiology 18, no. 4: 326-335.

Case reports
Published: 01 December 2016 in Journal of Veterinary Cardiology
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Balloon dilation was performed in two Rottweiler puppies with cor triatriatum dexter and clinical signs of ascites using transthoracic echocardiographic guidance. The dogs were positioned on a standard echocardiography table in right lateral recumbency, and guide wires and balloon catheters were imaged by echocardiographic views optimized to allow visualization of the defect. The procedures were performed successfully without complications and clinical signs were resolved completely in both cases. Guide wires and balloon catheters appeared hyperechoic on transthoracic echocardiography image and could be clearly monitored and guided in real-time. These two cases demonstrate that it is possible to perform balloon catheter dilation of cor triatriatum dexter under transthoracic guidance alone.

ACS Style

F. Birettoni; D. Caivano; A. Bufalari; M.E. Giorgi; Arianna Miglio; P. Paradies; F. Porciello. Transthoracic ultrasound guided balloon dilation of cor triatriatum dexter in 2 Rottweiler puppies. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology 2016, 18, 385 -390.

AMA Style

F. Birettoni, D. Caivano, A. Bufalari, M.E. Giorgi, Arianna Miglio, P. Paradies, F. Porciello. Transthoracic ultrasound guided balloon dilation of cor triatriatum dexter in 2 Rottweiler puppies. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology. 2016; 18 (4):385-390.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. Birettoni; D. Caivano; A. Bufalari; M.E. Giorgi; Arianna Miglio; P. Paradies; F. Porciello. 2016. "Transthoracic ultrasound guided balloon dilation of cor triatriatum dexter in 2 Rottweiler puppies." Journal of Veterinary Cardiology 18, no. 4: 385-390.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2016 in Journal of Veterinary Cardiology
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Feasibility, intra- and inter-observer variability of measuring left atrial (LA) longitudinal strain and strain rate (SR) variables using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) have not been reported in the dog. Reference intervals for these variables can be useful to estimate LA function have been provided. Forty-eight healthy adult dogs. Left atrial longitudinal deformation was evaluated in each dog by STE, and different combinations of STE variables were used to describe the 3 phases (reservoir, conduit and booster pump phase) of the LA function. Left atrial STE was possible in 40/48 dogs (83%). Strain and SR curves in healthy dogs were characterized, and reference intervals for several strain and SR variables are provided. Intra- and inter-observer variability, expressed as percent difference between observations or observers, was 3.58%–10.8% for indices of the LA reservoir function, 10.48%–15.82% for indices of the LA conduit function and 14.1%–34% for indices of the LA contractile function. Strain rate in early diastole and strain rate at atrial contraction variables were correlated significantly with age. No other relationships (body weight, heart rate or LA size) with any STE variables could be identified. Speckle tracking echocardiography provides quantitative measurements of LA longitudinal deformation and can be used to assess LA phasic function in healthy dogs. Further studies of these variables in dogs with cardiac diseases are needed to determine the clinical applicability and utility.

ACS Style

D. Caivano; M. Rishniw; V. Patata; M.E. Giorgi; F. Birettoni; F. Porciello. Left atrial deformation and phasic function determined by 2-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in healthy dogs. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology 2016, 18, 146 -155.

AMA Style

D. Caivano, M. Rishniw, V. Patata, M.E. Giorgi, F. Birettoni, F. Porciello. Left atrial deformation and phasic function determined by 2-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in healthy dogs. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology. 2016; 18 (2):146-155.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D. Caivano; M. Rishniw; V. Patata; M.E. Giorgi; F. Birettoni; F. Porciello. 2016. "Left atrial deformation and phasic function determined by 2-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in healthy dogs." Journal of Veterinary Cardiology 18, no. 2: 146-155.

Case reports
Published: 01 January 2016 in Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
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Lung lobe torsion is rare but life-threatening condition in the dog. Thoracic radiographs and conventional ultrasonography cannot be conclusive for the diagnosis, and computed tomography is useful but is limited by cost and availability. This report describes the findings of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in 3 dogs with lung lobe torsion. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography showed the absence or reduction of pulmonary vascularization secondary to twisting of the lung lobe around its bronchovascular pedicle in all three dogs. Moreover, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography distinguished partial pulmonary atelectasis from a lung lobe torsion. These preliminary results suggest that contrast-enhanced ultrasonography can improve the accuracy of conventional ultrasonography for detection of pulmonary blood flow compromise in dogs with lung lobe torsion.

ACS Style

Domenico Caivano; Francesco Birettoni; Antonello Bufalari; Valentina De Monte; Giovanni Angeli; Maria Elena Giorgi; Valentina Patata; Francesco Porciello. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic findings in three dogs with lung lobe torsion. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 2016, 78, 427 -430.

AMA Style

Domenico Caivano, Francesco Birettoni, Antonello Bufalari, Valentina De Monte, Giovanni Angeli, Maria Elena Giorgi, Valentina Patata, Francesco Porciello. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic findings in three dogs with lung lobe torsion. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. 2016; 78 (3):427-430.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Domenico Caivano; Francesco Birettoni; Antonello Bufalari; Valentina De Monte; Giovanni Angeli; Maria Elena Giorgi; Valentina Patata; Francesco Porciello. 2016. "Contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic findings in three dogs with lung lobe torsion." Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 78, no. 3: 427-430.

Case reports
Published: 26 November 2014 in Australian Veterinary Journal
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Acute undifferentiated leukaemia (AUL) is considered a separate entity in the context of acute leukaemias. AUL is extremely rare in both humans and dogs, has a rapid clinical course and does not respond to treatment. It is characterised by the presence of blast cells within the bone marrow and/or peripheral blood at levels ≥ 20% and even up to 100% of all nucleated cells. Blast cells are unable to be differentiated on morphological, cytochemical and phenotypic criteria into myeloid or lymphoid lineages because of their immaturity and/or atypia. An 8-year-old German Shepherd dog was referred for depression, asthenia, mild anaemia, thrombocytopenia and marked leucocytosis. Abdominal ultrasound showed hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, bilateral nephromegaly and enlargement of mesenteric lymph nodes. Echocardiography revealed biventricular hypertrophy with abnormal tissue density of the myocardium. Blood and bone marrow smears were composed of 95% unclassifiable and/or atypical blast cells and signs of dysplasia of the erythroid and thrombocytic/megakaryocytic lineages were present. Blast cells were negative for all cytochemical stains used and flow cytometry of peripheral blood revealed 85% of total leucocytes consisting of small-to-medium-sized cells, negative for all lymphoid and myeloid markers except CD45 and CD34. After necropsy, cytology and histology revealed that blast cells had diffusely infiltrated all tissues examined. Both erythroid and megakaryocytic extramedullary haemopoiesis was also detected in the spleen, lymph nodes and liver. All immunohistochemical stains used were negative. On the basis of all the results, a diagnosis of acute leukaemia involving a very primitive haematopoietic precursor was made.

ACS Style

Arianna Miglio; Maria Teresa Antognoni; B Miniscalco; D Caivano; E Lepri; F Birettoni; V Mangili. Acute undifferentiated leukaemia in a dog. Australian Veterinary Journal 2014, 92, 499 -503.

AMA Style

Arianna Miglio, Maria Teresa Antognoni, B Miniscalco, D Caivano, E Lepri, F Birettoni, V Mangili. Acute undifferentiated leukaemia in a dog. Australian Veterinary Journal. 2014; 92 (12):499-503.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arianna Miglio; Maria Teresa Antognoni; B Miniscalco; D Caivano; E Lepri; F Birettoni; V Mangili. 2014. "Acute undifferentiated leukaemia in a dog." Australian Veterinary Journal 92, no. 12: 499-503.