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The major purpose of this study was to examine the potential mediating role of perceived motor skill competence on relationships between actual ball skills and children’s physical activity (PA) and PA enjoyment. A total of 294 students (Mage = 10.96 ± 0.76; 51.7% boys) from three elementary schools completed validated questionnaires assessing their perceived competence, self-reported PA, and PA enjoyment. Students’ actual ball skills (i.e., basketball, overhand throwing, striking) were measured by PE MetricsTM. Correlation analyses showed positive relationships among the study variables (rs ranging from 0.12 to 0.56). The structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses demonstrated that the mediation model produces a goodness-of-fit to the data: χ2/df = 52.03/32; CFI = 0.96; NFI = 0.90; IFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.05, SRMR = 0.04. Path coefficients suggested that actual ball skill competence was strongly associated with perceived competence (β = 0.36, p< 0.01), which in turn significantly predicted PA (β = 0.29, p< 0.01) and PA enjoyment (β = 0.35, p< 0.01). The findings highlight that ball skills significantly impact students’ perceived competence, positively and indirectly affecting their PA and PA enjoyment. This study provides empirical evidence that recommends intervention strategies aimed at fostering elementary school students’ PA and PA enjoyment.
Tao Zhang; Joonyoung Lee; Lisa Barnett; Xiangli Gu. Does Perceived Competence Mediate between Ball Skills and Children’s Physical Activity and Enjoyment? Children 2021, 8, 575 .
AMA StyleTao Zhang, Joonyoung Lee, Lisa Barnett, Xiangli Gu. Does Perceived Competence Mediate between Ball Skills and Children’s Physical Activity and Enjoyment? Children. 2021; 8 (7):575.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTao Zhang; Joonyoung Lee; Lisa Barnett; Xiangli Gu. 2021. "Does Perceived Competence Mediate between Ball Skills and Children’s Physical Activity and Enjoyment?" Children 8, no. 7: 575.
Sport participation is an important means for adolescents to achieve moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), yet most high school students including athletes do not achieve the 60-minute daily MVPA guideline. As psychosocial factors influence athlete engagement and physical activity during sport, the perceived environment created by coaches could play a role in this influence. Guided by self-determination and achievement goal theories, this four-month prospective study examined the direct and indirect effects of perceived coach-created environment on high school athletes’ MVPA and sedentary behavior (SB) during sport. During the third to fourth week of a sport season, 225 high school athletes ( Mage = 15.24 years) completed a survey assessing perceptions of coach-created empowering and disempowering climates as well as psychological need satisfaction and frustration. Four months later, their MVPA and SB percentage times (%) during sport were measured using accelerometers. Path analyses partially supported our hypothesis, indicating significant direct effects of a perceived empowering climate on need satisfaction (β = .41) and need frustration (β = –.29), and direct effects of a perceived disempowering climate on need frustration (β = .38) and MVPA% (β = –.28). No significant indirect effects on MVPA% or SB% were found. Findings support and provide new insights into the important role of disempowering beyond empowering climates in predicting high school athletes’ PA. Specifically, when coaches display ego-involving and controlling behaviors, high school athletes may disengage during sport and achieve less overall MVPA. Further examination of these relationships using a longitudinal design across more diverse samples is warranted.
Tsz Lun (Alan) Chu; Xiaoxia Zhang; Joonyoung Lee; Tao Zhang. Perceived coach-created environment directly predicts high school athletes’ physical activity during sport. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 2020, 16, 70 -80.
AMA StyleTsz Lun (Alan) Chu, Xiaoxia Zhang, Joonyoung Lee, Tao Zhang. Perceived coach-created environment directly predicts high school athletes’ physical activity during sport. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching. 2020; 16 (1):70-80.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTsz Lun (Alan) Chu; Xiaoxia Zhang; Joonyoung Lee; Tao Zhang. 2020. "Perceived coach-created environment directly predicts high school athletes’ physical activity during sport." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 16, no. 1: 70-80.
Objective: Classroom teachers can play an important role in supporting the implementation of a Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programme (CSPAP) by integrating physical activity (PA) into academic lessons, providing PA opportunities at recess and becoming role models for school-aged children. Grounded in the expectancy-value model, the goal of this study was to explore preservice classroom teachers’ perspectives towards the programme in terms of their expectancy-related beliefs and subjective task values. Setting: A large public research university in the southwestern region of the USA. Method: Participants were 192 preservice classroom teachers ( Mage = 19.85 years, SD = 0.6; female = 92%) enrolled in a public university. Participants responded to open-ended questions about their beliefs and values related to the CSPAP after learning about the programme model. Using thematic analysis, initial codes were generated from participants’ responses, and three researchers who were knowledgeable in the CSPAP approach identified the final main themes. Results: The results revealed several overarching themes for understanding preservice classroom teachers’ expectancy-related beliefs and subjective task values towards implementing CSPAP in schools, including the essential role of CSPAP in the family and community, innovation in pedagogy and the influence of the CSPAP on daily PA. Conclusion: Our study adds to the literature on preservice classroom teachers’ beliefs and values towards the CSPAP using an expectancy-value model. Potential applications and suggestions for future practice are discussed.
Joonyoung Lee; Tao Zhang; Xiaoxia Zhang; Tsz Lun (Alan) Chu; Karen H Weiller-Abels. Preservice classroom teachers’ perspectives on a comprehensive school physical activity programme. Health Education Journal 2020, 80, 145 -159.
AMA StyleJoonyoung Lee, Tao Zhang, Xiaoxia Zhang, Tsz Lun (Alan) Chu, Karen H Weiller-Abels. Preservice classroom teachers’ perspectives on a comprehensive school physical activity programme. Health Education Journal. 2020; 80 (2):145-159.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoonyoung Lee; Tao Zhang; Xiaoxia Zhang; Tsz Lun (Alan) Chu; Karen H Weiller-Abels. 2020. "Preservice classroom teachers’ perspectives on a comprehensive school physical activity programme." Health Education Journal 80, no. 2: 145-159.
The major purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a jump rope-based physical activity afterschool program on middle school students’ physical fitness. Sixty students (Mage = 13.37, SD = 0.58; 53.3% female) participated in a 12-week jump rope-based afterschool program (45 min/time, three times/week). Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: (a) freestyle rope skipping (N = 20), traditional jump rope (N = 20), and a control group (N = 20). Physical fitness tests, including muscular strength (standing long jump, right-hand grip, and left-hand grip), flexibility, body composition, and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured in pre- and post-tests. A 2 (time) × 3 (groups) repeated measure multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed. The results found significant improvements in muscular strength (standing long jump, right-hand grip, and left-hand grip) in both intervention groups (p < 0.001; ds = 0.2–0.44). Only the freestyle rope skipping group had increased BMD (p < 0.05, d = 0.33). Compared to the traditional jump rope, the freestyle rope skipping group showed significantly higher improvement in flexibility (p < 0.05, d = 0.83). These findings suggest that the jump rope-based afterschool program with freestyle rope skipping would be more effective than traditional jump rope to promote physical fitness performance among adolescents.
Xiaofeng Yang; Joonyoung Lee; Xiangli Gu; Xiaoxia Zhang; Tao Zhang. Physical Fitness Promotion among Adolescents: Effects of a Jump Rope-Based Physical Activity Afterschool Program. Children 2020, 7, 95 .
AMA StyleXiaofeng Yang, Joonyoung Lee, Xiangli Gu, Xiaoxia Zhang, Tao Zhang. Physical Fitness Promotion among Adolescents: Effects of a Jump Rope-Based Physical Activity Afterschool Program. Children. 2020; 7 (8):95.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaofeng Yang; Joonyoung Lee; Xiangli Gu; Xiaoxia Zhang; Tao Zhang. 2020. "Physical Fitness Promotion among Adolescents: Effects of a Jump Rope-Based Physical Activity Afterschool Program." Children 7, no. 8: 95.
Previous research evidence showed deficient physical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF) performance levels among high school students. Personal goal orientations motivate their behavior; therefore, it is essential to discover high school students’ goal orientations in PA and PF. Guided by the latest 3 × 2 achievement goal model, we examined the influence of six goal orientations on PA and PF in high school students. A total of 792 high school students in China (54.5% girls; Mage = 16.93 ± 0.82) completed validated measurements assessing 3 × 2 goal orientations for PA and PF. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were used to analyze whether 3 × 2 achievement goal orientations significantly influenced the study variables. Other-approach, self-approach, and task-avoidance goals significantly predicted PA, and the 50-meter dash was predicted by other-approach and self-avoidance goals. The self-approach goal was the only significant predictor of the standing long jump. In conclusion, fostering self- and other-approach-oriented environments with developmentally appropriate content in physical education may have implications for enhancing high school students’ PA and PF.
Liang Shen; Joonyoung Lee; Changzhou Chen; Tao Zhang. High School Adolescents’ Physical Activity and Physical Fitness: A 3 × 2 Achievement Goal Approach. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6005 .
AMA StyleLiang Shen, Joonyoung Lee, Changzhou Chen, Tao Zhang. High School Adolescents’ Physical Activity and Physical Fitness: A 3 × 2 Achievement Goal Approach. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (15):6005.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiang Shen; Joonyoung Lee; Changzhou Chen; Tao Zhang. 2020. "High School Adolescents’ Physical Activity and Physical Fitness: A 3 × 2 Achievement Goal Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 15: 6005.
Joonyoung Lee; Tao Zhang; Ana West; Leigh A. Karch; Jordan Reys. Understanding College Students’ Motivation In Virtual Reality-Based Exercise: An Expectancy-Value Approach. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2020, 52, 117 -118.
AMA StyleJoonyoung Lee, Tao Zhang, Ana West, Leigh A. Karch, Jordan Reys. Understanding College Students’ Motivation In Virtual Reality-Based Exercise: An Expectancy-Value Approach. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2020; 52 (7S):117-118.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoonyoung Lee; Tao Zhang; Ana West; Leigh A. Karch; Jordan Reys. 2020. "Understanding College Students’ Motivation In Virtual Reality-Based Exercise: An Expectancy-Value Approach." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 52, no. 7S: 117-118.
Promoting physical activity (PA) and eliminating health disparities among underserved minority children is a public health priority. The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of actual motor competence (a set of object control skills) and perceived motor competence with PA participation and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among underserved Hispanic children who were born in the U.S. Guided by Stodden et al.’s conceptual model, we tested the direct and indirect effects (mediational model) of actual motor competence on health-related outcomes (PA and HRQoL) through perceived motor competence. Participants were 215 underserved Hispanic children (Mage = 10.55 years, SD = 0.53 [age range 10–12]; 51.6% boys), recruited from four elementary schools in the southwestern U.S., who completed validated questionnaires assessing their perceived motor competence, PA, and HRQoL. Their actual motor skills were assessed using PE MetricsTM. After examining the associations among the variables, we tested the hypothesized model using structural equation modeling (SEM; AMOS 25). The hypothesized model indicated a good fit (χ²/df = 38.427/24 = 1.60 < 5; non-normed fit index (NFI) = 0.93; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.968; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.053 [0.016, 0.083]). The effect of actual motor competence on PA and HRQoL was fully mediated by perceived motor competence. The findings demonstrated the mediating role of perceived motor competence between actual motor competence and health-related outcomes (PA and HRQoL) among underserved Hispanic children. The results highlight that actual motor competence significantly predicted underserved Hispanic children’ perceived motor competence, which in turn positively predicted their PA and HRQoL. These findings have significant practical implications for future intervention strategies of randomized clinical trials in schools aimed at promoting PA and HRQoL and eliminating health disparities among underserved Hispanic children.
Tao Zhang; Joonyoung Lee; Tsz Lun (Alan) Chu; Changzhou Chen; Xiangli Gu. Accessing Physical Activity and Health Disparities among Underserved Hispanic Children: The Role of Actual and Perceived Motor Competence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 3013 .
AMA StyleTao Zhang, Joonyoung Lee, Tsz Lun (Alan) Chu, Changzhou Chen, Xiangli Gu. Accessing Physical Activity and Health Disparities among Underserved Hispanic Children: The Role of Actual and Perceived Motor Competence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (9):3013.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTao Zhang; Joonyoung Lee; Tsz Lun (Alan) Chu; Changzhou Chen; Xiangli Gu. 2020. "Accessing Physical Activity and Health Disparities among Underserved Hispanic Children: The Role of Actual and Perceived Motor Competence." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9: 3013.
A need-supportive environment can provide various motivational benefits to impact children’s psychomotor developmental levels. However, very little is known about the effects of need-supportive motor skill intervention on children’s motor skill competence and physical activity by gender. Guided by self-determination theory (SDT), this study aimed to (a) investigate the effect of a need-supportive fundamental movement skill (FMS) program on children’s FMS competence and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and (b) explore potential gender differences in these effects. Thirty-six children (63.8% girls; M age = 6.52 ± 0.97) participated and were divided into two groups: an intervention group (24 need-supportive FMS sessions over eight weeks) and a control group. A repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to examine the influence of the motor skill intervention on FMS competence and MVPA over time by group (intervention, control) and gender (boys, girls). The results showed (a) significant group differences between the intervention and control group in FMS competence and MVPA (p < 0.001), (b) non-significant gender differences between boys and girls in FMS competence and MVPA (p = 0.85), and (c) non-significant interaction effects over time (p = 0.52). The findings highlight that a need-supportive FMS program may enhance FMS development and daily physical activity for both genders during the early school years.
Joonyoung Lee; Tao Zhang; Tsz Chu; Xiangli Gu. Effects of a Need-Supportive Motor Skill Intervention on Children’s Motor Skill Competence and Physical Activity. Children 2020, 7, 21 .
AMA StyleJoonyoung Lee, Tao Zhang, Tsz Chu, Xiangli Gu. Effects of a Need-Supportive Motor Skill Intervention on Children’s Motor Skill Competence and Physical Activity. Children. 2020; 7 (3):21.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoonyoung Lee; Tao Zhang; Tsz Chu; Xiangli Gu. 2020. "Effects of a Need-Supportive Motor Skill Intervention on Children’s Motor Skill Competence and Physical Activity." Children 7, no. 3: 21.
Working women are at a high risk of suffering from occupational stress and burnout, which can result in reducing Quality of Life (QoL). Guided by the QoL construct and Luban et al.’s conceptual framework, this study aimed to (a) investigate the roles of individual factors (i.e., age) and psychosocial factors (i.e., occupational stress, burnout) on QoL among working women, and (b) examine the age differences among study variables (young versus middle-aged groups). Participants were 375 working women (Mage = 42.06) recruited in Shanghai, China. They completed previously validated questionnaires assessing their occupational stress, burnout (emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced professional efficacy), and QoL (physical health, psychological health, social relationship, and living environment). Confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson product-moment correlation, hierarchical regressions, and factorial multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) were used to examine the relationships and differences between occupational stress, burnout, and QoL among working women. Correlation and regression analyses indicated that occupational stress and burnout were significantly associated with QoL among these participants. Two one-factor MANOVAs demonstrated that young-aged working women had higher occupational stress and burnout, but lower levels of QoL than middle-aged women. These results suggest that adopting specific coping strategies to reduce or prevent occupational stress and burnout are needed to improve QoL among working women.
Yi Xiao; Tao Zhang; Xiangli Gu; Joonyoung Lee; Hongying Wang. The Roles of Individual and Psychosocial Factors in Predicting Quality of Life Among Working Women in Shanghai. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 1751 .
AMA StyleYi Xiao, Tao Zhang, Xiangli Gu, Joonyoung Lee, Hongying Wang. The Roles of Individual and Psychosocial Factors in Predicting Quality of Life Among Working Women in Shanghai. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (5):1751.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYi Xiao; Tao Zhang; Xiangli Gu; Joonyoung Lee; Hongying Wang. 2020. "The Roles of Individual and Psychosocial Factors in Predicting Quality of Life Among Working Women in Shanghai." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5: 1751.
Globally, more than half of school-aged children do not engage in the recommended 60 minutes of daily moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Given that developing sufficient fundamental motor skills (FMS) competence during early elementary school years is important for a child’s physical and cognitive development, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an 8-week FMS-based afterschool program on physical and cognitive health outcomes among elementary children. Participants were 31 K–2 students (19 girls, 12 boys; Mage = 6.65 ± 0.98) from three public elementary schools in the southwestern United States who were assigned to the intervention group (FMS-based afterschool program; n = 20) or the control group (traditional afterschool program; n = 11). A 2 × 2 repeated measures MANOVA showed significant changes in FMS competence and MVPA between the intervention and the control group over time. However, no significant changes were found in cognitive functioning. The 8-week FMS-based afterschool program showed significant improvements in FMS competence and MVPA, compared to a traditional afterschool program. This finding suggests that structured FMS-focused strategies (e.g., fun games and goal setting) can be a critical component when implementing a physical activity program to enhance children’s motor skills and physical activity behavior.
Joonyoung Lee; Tao Zhang; Tsz Lun (Alan) Chu; Xiangli Gu; Ping Zhu. Effects of a Fundamental Motor Skill-Based Afterschool Program on Children’s Physical and Cognitive Health Outcomes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 733 .
AMA StyleJoonyoung Lee, Tao Zhang, Tsz Lun (Alan) Chu, Xiangli Gu, Ping Zhu. Effects of a Fundamental Motor Skill-Based Afterschool Program on Children’s Physical and Cognitive Health Outcomes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (3):733.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoonyoung Lee; Tao Zhang; Tsz Lun (Alan) Chu; Xiangli Gu; Ping Zhu. 2020. "Effects of a Fundamental Motor Skill-Based Afterschool Program on Children’s Physical and Cognitive Health Outcomes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3: 733.
School physical education (PE) as an important social context can promote adolescents’ physical health and contributes to their mental health. Guided by the self-determination health behavior model, the study aimed to examine a structural mediation model to investigate the relationships among perceived need support from PE teachers, psychological need satisfaction, and adolescents’ health-related outcomes. Participants were 300 adolescents (Mage = 14.48; 50.3% girls) recruited from five middle schools in Shanghai, China. They completed previously validated questionnaires assessing their perceived need support from PE teachers, psychological need satisfaction, leisure time physical activity (LTPA), and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The hypothesized model demonstrated a good fit (χ2/df = 3.4, p < 0.01; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.09; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) = 0.06; Bentler–Bonett Nonnormed Fit Index (NFI)= 0.92; Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.94; 90% Confidence Interval (CI) [0.07, 0.11]). The findings indicated that three basic psychological needs can be satisfied by perceived need support from PE teachers, and psychological need satisfaction was positively associated with health-related outcomes such as LTPA and HRQOL. In addition, psychological need satisfaction mediated the relationship between perceived need support from PE teachers and health-related outcomes such as LTPA and HRQOL in the present study. The findings supported the theoretical tenets of the self-determination health behavior model and its generalizability among Chinese adolescent students.
Changzhou Chen; Tao Zhang; Xiangli Gu; Joonyoung Lee; Sutang Ren; Hongying Wang. Understanding Adolescents’ Need Support, Need Satisfaction, and Health-Related Outcomes: A Self-Determination Health Behavior Perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 17, 104 .
AMA StyleChangzhou Chen, Tao Zhang, Xiangli Gu, Joonyoung Lee, Sutang Ren, Hongying Wang. Understanding Adolescents’ Need Support, Need Satisfaction, and Health-Related Outcomes: A Self-Determination Health Behavior Perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 17 (1):104.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChangzhou Chen; Tao Zhang; Xiangli Gu; Joonyoung Lee; Sutang Ren; Hongying Wang. 2019. "Understanding Adolescents’ Need Support, Need Satisfaction, and Health-Related Outcomes: A Self-Determination Health Behavior Perspective." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1: 104.
Joonyoung Lee; Ping Zhu; Tao Zhang; Tsz Lun (Alan) Chu; Hongxin Li. Effects of Eight-week Fundamental Motor Skills Intervention on Children’s Physical and Cognitive Health Outcomes. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2019, 51, 529 -529.
AMA StyleJoonyoung Lee, Ping Zhu, Tao Zhang, Tsz Lun (Alan) Chu, Hongxin Li. Effects of Eight-week Fundamental Motor Skills Intervention on Children’s Physical and Cognitive Health Outcomes. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2019; 51 (6S):529-529.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoonyoung Lee; Ping Zhu; Tao Zhang; Tsz Lun (Alan) Chu; Hongxin Li. 2019. "Effects of Eight-week Fundamental Motor Skills Intervention on Children’s Physical and Cognitive Health Outcomes." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 51, no. 6S: 529-529.
Joonyoung Lee; Lauren S Tashman; Seongkwan Cho. The Relationship Between Physical Activity, Physical Self-Description, And Well-Deing In University Students. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2017, 49, 470 .
AMA StyleJoonyoung Lee, Lauren S Tashman, Seongkwan Cho. The Relationship Between Physical Activity, Physical Self-Description, And Well-Deing In University Students. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2017; 49 (5S):470.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoonyoung Lee; Lauren S Tashman; Seongkwan Cho. 2017. "The Relationship Between Physical Activity, Physical Self-Description, And Well-Deing In University Students." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 49, no. 5S: 470.