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Dr. Rik L. de Swart
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Academic Career Length
39Years (1988-Present)
(Calculated once Scilit publication data is synced: current year − year of first publication + 1)
Representative Publications
View All Publications26 June 2020 in Science Immunology
Journal Article
DWDaniela Weiskopf
Daniela WeiskopfKSKatharina S. Schmitz
Katharina S. SchmitzMRMatthijs P. Raadsen
Matthijs P. Raadsen
AGAlba Grifoni
Alba Grifoni
NONisreen Okba
Nisreen Okba
Rory de Vries +8
Peptide pool stimulation enables longitudinal analysis of SARS-CoV-2–specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients.
29 May 2020 in Science
Journal Article
BRBarry Rockx
Barry RockxPDPadraig Duignan
Padraig DuignanSHSander Herfst
Sander HerfstTBTheo Bestebroer
Theo Bestebroer
MLMart M. Lamers
Mart M. Lamers
BHBart Haagmans
Bart Haagmans +18
Coronavirus in nonhuman primates: We urgently need vaccines and drug treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Even under these extreme circumstances, we must have animal models for rigorous testing of new strategies. Rockx et al. have undertaken a comparative study of three human coronaviruses in cynomolgus macaques: severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus (SARS-CoV) (2002), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)–CoV (2012), and SARS-CoV-2 (2019), which causes COVID-19 (see the Perspective by Lakdawala and Menachery). The most recent coronavirus has a distinct tropism for the nasal mucosa but is also found in the intestinal tract. Although none of the older macaques showed the severe symptoms that humans do, the lung pathology observed was similar. Like humans, the animals shed virus for prolonged periods from their upper respiratory tracts, and like influenza but unlike the 2002 SARS-CoV, this shedding peaked early in infection. It is this cryptic virus shedding that makes case detection difficult and can jeopardize the effectiveness of isolation. Science , this issue p. 1012 ; see also p. 942
28 May 2021 in Science Immunology
Journal Article
DGDaryl Geers
Daryl GeersMSMarc C. Shamier
Marc C. ShamierSBSusanne Bogers
Susanne Bogers
Gerco Den HartogLGLennert Gommers
Lennert Gommers
Corine Geurts Kessel +19
Infection- or vaccination-induced SARS-CoV-2 S–specific CD4 + T cells are indifferent to the S mutations of variants of concern.
1 November 2019 in Science
Journal Article
MMMichael Mina
Michael MinaTKTomasz Kula
Tomasz KulaYLYumei Leng
Yumei LengMLMamie Li
Mamie Li
Rory de VriesSEStephen J. Elledge
Stephen J. Elledge +9
The toll of measles on the immune system: Many of the deaths attributable to measles virus are caused by secondary infections because the virus infects and functionally impairs immune cells. Whether measles infection causes long-term damage to immune memory has been unclear. This question has become increasingly important given the resurgence in measles epidemics worldwide. Using a blood test called VirScan, Mina et al. comprehensively analyzed the antibody repertoire in children before and after natural infection with measles virus as well as in children before and after measles vaccination. They found that measles infection can greatly diminish previously acquired immune memory, potentially leaving individuals at risk for infection by other pathogens. These adverse effects on the immune system were not seen in vaccinated children. Science , this issue p. 599
8 May 2015 in Science
Journal Article
MMMichael Mina
Michael MinaCMC. Jessica E. Metcalf
C. Jessica E. Metcalf
RSRik L. de Swart
Rik L. de SwartAOA. D. M. E. Osterhaus
A. D. M. E. Osterhaus
BGBryan T. Grenfell
Bryan T. Grenfell
Extra dividends from measles vaccine: Vaccination against measles has many benefits, not only lifelong protection against this potentially serious virus. Mina et al. analyzed data collected since mass vaccination began in high-income countries when measles was common. Measles vaccination is associated with less mortality from other childhood infections. Measles is known to cause transient immunosuppression, but close inspection of the mortality data suggests that it disables immune memory for 2 to 3 years. Vaccination thus does more than safeguard children against measles; it also stops other infections taking advantage of measles-induced immune damage. Science , this issue p. 694
1 April 2004 in Emerging Infectious Diseases
Journal Article
BHBernadette G. van Den Hoogen
Bernadette G. van Den Hoogen
SHSander Herfst
Sander Herfst
LSLeo Sprong
Leo Sprong
PCPatricia A. Cane
Patricia A. Cane
EFEduardo Forleo-Neto
Eduardo Forleo-Neto
RFRon A.M. Fouchier
Ron A.M. Fouchier +2
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a member of the subfamily Pneumovirinae within the family Paramyxoviridae. Other members of this subfamily, respiratory syncytial virus and avian pneumovirus, can be divided into subgroups based on genetic or antigenic differences or both. For HMPV, the existence of different genetic lineages has been described on the basis of variation in a limited set of available sequences. We address the antigenic relationship between genetic lineages in virus neutralization assays. In addition, we analyzed the genetic diversity of HMPV by phylogenetic analysis of sequences obtained for part of the fusion protein (n = 84) and the complete attachment protein open reading frames (n = 35). On the basis of sequence diversity between attachment protein genes and the differences in virus neutralization titers, two HMPV serotypes were defined. Each serotype could be divided into two genetic lineages, but these did not reflect major antigenic differences.
About Me
Rik L. de Swart graduated as a biologist in 1990, obtained his PhD in 1995, and established his research group at the Department of Viroscience at the Erasmus MC in Rotterdam. Since 2001, he has been a workgroup leader at the Erasmus MC department of Viroscience. He became an Associate Professor in 2019 and obtained ius promovendi in 2022. Since May 2021, he has been employed as a virologist at Wageningen Bioveterinary Research in Lelystad (0.8 FTE) but also remains affiliated as an associate professor at the Erasmus MC (0.2 FTE). At WBVR, he is involved in projects focusing on the pathogenesis of animal morbilliviruses (e.g., Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus, PPRV) and pneumoviruses (e.g., Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus, BRSV). In addition, he is involved in the Next Level Animal Sciences project on Complex Cell Systems and the ERRAZE@WUR project. At Erasmus MC, his research focuses on dissecting the pathogenesis of morbilliviruses (in particular, measles virus and canine distemper virus) and pneumoviruses (in particular, human respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus), zooming in on the interactions between these viruses and the host immune system.