Porous concrete paving block (PCPB) is a block with continuous voids which are intentionally incorporated into concrete. The permeability and strength of PCPB with different sizes of coarse aggregate was presented in this study. Three different sizes of coarse aggregate were used namely passing 10 mm retained 5 mm (as control), passing 8 mm retained 5 mm (CA 5 – 8) and passing 10 mm retained 8 mm (CA 8 – 10). Furthermore, a series of test were conducted in this study such as compressive strength, porosity and permeability. It was found that the size of coarse aggregate affects the strength and porosity of the specimens. The result also shown that PCPB with CA 8 – 10 caused in low strength, but high in porosity and permeability compared to the other blocks. Beside that PCPB using CA 8 – 10 is able to remove surface runoff efficiently.

The rising flash floods disrupt communities, damage infrastructure, and strain economic resources, highlighting the urgent need for effective flood management strategies. This study examines the causes and impact of flash floods in Malaysia to provide a holistic understanding and actionable insights for flood risk management. A comprehensive content analysis was performed from 2013 to 2023, utilizing scholarly articles, governmental reports, and newspaper data. The research identifies key causes contributing to flash flood vulnerability, including inadequate drainage systems, rapid urbaniza-tion, reclamation projects, developer negligence, and insufficient urban planning as specific activities associated with new development projects. These activities disrupt natural water flows, increasing runoff and flood risks. The analysis indicates that flash floods disrupt daily life and economic activities, such as the construction industry, leading to project delays and in-creased costs. This research contributes significantly to flood risk manage-ment by highlighting the importance of integrating resilient design tech-niques, enhanced coordination among local authorities, enforcing stricter regulations, and promoting sustainable development practices. It provides a foundation for future research and policymaking aimed at reducing flash flood vulnerability. The findings recommend future of flood management lies in breaking down silos between engineering, planning, and environmen-tal management, ensuring that guidelines such as MASMA, NPP, and the USMM work in unison toward a common goal of flood resilience.

The construction industry is one of the industries that currently gave an overwhelming effect to the booster of the developing country. Construction field is one of the areas that need immediate decision during the planning, design or construction stage. A construction project in a broader context is the involvement of multiple construction practitioners with an aim to ensure that the project complete within the time frame and budget with assured quality. In ensuring smoothness of the construction project, a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) technique as a systematic tool has been used widely, namely Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Based on the 40 journal articles, questions of which civil engineering field does AHP mostly employed as decision making tools in any of risk occurrence may be answered. Results revealed that thirteen (13) various civil engineering field was discovered adopting AHP as decision making assessment method and company and managerial, road highway project and building construction remarked the core field attracted much interest.