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The current study aimed to investigate the effect of anthocyanins on muscle flavor compound profiles in goats. Goats in three groups were fed a basic diet or a diet supplemented with 0.5 g/d or 1 g/d anthocyanin-rich purple corn pigment (PCP). Compared to the control group, plasma total cholesterol was significantly decreased (p< 0.05) in the anthocyanin groups. The feeding of anthocyanin increased (p< 0.05) flavor compound types and total alcohol level, whereas it decreased (p< 0.05) total hydrocarbons, aromatics, esters, and miscellaneous compounds in the longissimusthoracis et lumborum muscle (LTL). Adding PCP to the diet enriched (p< 0.05) vegetal, herbaceous, grease, and fruity flavors compared to the control group. The 0.5 g/d PCP group had increased (p< 0.05) abundance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, but there was a decreased (p< 0.05) level of lipoprotein lipase in LTL. Collectively, this study indicated that anthocyanin can improve mutton flavor by decreasing plasma lipid parameters and by modulating the abundance of several flavor-related genes of goats.
Xingzhou Tian; Qi Lu; Shengguo Zhao; Jiaxuan Li; Qingyuan Luo; Xu Wang; Yangdong Zhang; Nan Zheng. Purple Corn Anthocyanin Affects Lipid Mechanism, Flavor Compound Profiles, and Related Gene Expression of Longissimus Thoracis et Lumborum Muscle in Goats. Animals 2021, 11, 2407 .
AMA StyleXingzhou Tian, Qi Lu, Shengguo Zhao, Jiaxuan Li, Qingyuan Luo, Xu Wang, Yangdong Zhang, Nan Zheng. Purple Corn Anthocyanin Affects Lipid Mechanism, Flavor Compound Profiles, and Related Gene Expression of Longissimus Thoracis et Lumborum Muscle in Goats. Animals. 2021; 11 (8):2407.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXingzhou Tian; Qi Lu; Shengguo Zhao; Jiaxuan Li; Qingyuan Luo; Xu Wang; Yangdong Zhang; Nan Zheng. 2021. "Purple Corn Anthocyanin Affects Lipid Mechanism, Flavor Compound Profiles, and Related Gene Expression of Longissimus Thoracis et Lumborum Muscle in Goats." Animals 11, no. 8: 2407.
Inhibition of ruminal microbial urease is of particular interest due to its crucial role in regulating urea-N utilization efficiency and nitrogen pollution in the livestock industry. Acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) is currently the only commercially available urease inhibitor, but it has adverse side effects. The urease accessory protein UreG, which facilitates the functional incorporation of the urease nickel metallocentre, has been proposed in developing urease inhibitor through disrupting urease maturation. The objective of this study was to screen natural compounds as potential urease inhibitors by targeting UreG in a predominant ruminal microbial urease. In silico screening and in vitro tests for potential inhibitors were performed using molecular docking and an assay for the GTPase activity of UreG. Chelerythrine chloride was selected as a potential urease inhibitor of UreG with an inhibition concentration IC50 value of 18.13 μM. It exhibited mixed inhibition, with the Ki value being 26.28 μM. We further explored its inhibition mechanism using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and we found that chelerythrine chloride inhibited the binding of nickel to UreG and induced changes in the secondary structure, especially the α-helix and β-sheet of UreG. Chelerythrine chloride formed a pi-anion interaction with the Asp41 residue of UreG, which is an important residue in initiating the conformational changes of UreG. In conclusion, chelerythrine chloride exhibited a potential inhibitory effect on urease, which provided new evidence for strategies to develop novel urease inhibitors targeting UreG to reduce nitrogen excretion from ruminants.
Xiaoyin Zhang; Yue He; Zhanbo Xiong; Min Li; Ming Li; Nan Zheng; Shengguo Zhao; Jiaqi Wang. Chelerythrine Chloride: A Potential Rumen Microbial Urease Inhibitor Screened by Targeting UreG. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 8212 .
AMA StyleXiaoyin Zhang, Yue He, Zhanbo Xiong, Min Li, Ming Li, Nan Zheng, Shengguo Zhao, Jiaqi Wang. Chelerythrine Chloride: A Potential Rumen Microbial Urease Inhibitor Screened by Targeting UreG. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (15):8212.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoyin Zhang; Yue He; Zhanbo Xiong; Min Li; Ming Li; Nan Zheng; Shengguo Zhao; Jiaqi Wang. 2021. "Chelerythrine Chloride: A Potential Rumen Microbial Urease Inhibitor Screened by Targeting UreG." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15: 8212.
Colorectal cancer is a common cause of death with few available therapeutic strategies, and the preventative complexes in adjunctive therapy are urgently needed. Increasing evidences have shown that natural ingredients, including lactoferrin, oleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and linolenic acid, possess anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. However, investigations and comparisons of their combinations in colorectal tumor model have not been reported, and the mechanism is still unrevealed. In the study, we examined the viability, migration, invasion and apoptosis of HT29 cells to choose the proper doses of these components and to select the effective combination in vitro. BALB/c nude mice bearing colorectal tumor were used to explore the role of selected combination in inhibiting tumor development in vivo. Additionally, metabonomic detection was performed to screen out the specific changed metabolitesand related pathway. The results demonstrated that lactoferrin at 6.25 μM, oleic acid at 0.18 mM, DHA at 0.18 mM, and linolenic acid at 0.15 mM significantly inhibited the viabilities of HT29 cells (p < 0.05). The combination of lactoferrin (6.25 μM) + linolenic acid (0.15 mM) exhibited the strongest activity in inhibiting the migration and invasion of HT29 cells in vivo and suppressing tumor development in vitro (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the lactoferrin + linolenic acid combination activated p-AMPK and p-JNK, thereby inducing apoptosis of HT29 cells (p < 0.05). The present study was the first to show that lactoferrin + linolenic acid combination inhibited HT29 tumor formation by activating AMPK/JNK related pathway.
Qianqian Yao; Huiying Li; Linlin Fan; Shengnan Huang; Jiaqi Wang; Nan Zheng. The combination of lactoferrin and linolenic acid inhibits colorectal tumor growth through activating AMPK/JNK-related apoptosis pathway. PeerJ 2021, 9, e11072 .
AMA StyleQianqian Yao, Huiying Li, Linlin Fan, Shengnan Huang, Jiaqi Wang, Nan Zheng. The combination of lactoferrin and linolenic acid inhibits colorectal tumor growth through activating AMPK/JNK-related apoptosis pathway. PeerJ. 2021; 9 ():e11072.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQianqian Yao; Huiying Li; Linlin Fan; Shengnan Huang; Jiaqi Wang; Nan Zheng. 2021. "The combination of lactoferrin and linolenic acid inhibits colorectal tumor growth through activating AMPK/JNK-related apoptosis pathway." PeerJ 9, no. : e11072.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic, recurring inflammatory response, is a growing global public health issue. It results from the aberrant crosstalk among environmental factors, gut microbiota, the immune system, and host genetics, with microbiota serving as the core of communication for differently-sourced signals. In the susceptible host, dysbiosis, characterized by the bloom of facultative anaerobic bacteria and the decline of community diversity and balance, can trigger an aberrant immune response that leads to reduced tolerance against commensal microbiota. In IBD, such dysbiosis has been profoundly proven in animal models, as well as clinic data analysis; however, it has not yet been conclusively ascertained whether dysbiosis actually promotes the disease or is simply a consequence of the inflammatory disorder. Better insight into the complex network of interactions between food, the intestinal microbiome, and host immune response will, therefore, contribute significantly to the diagnosis, treatment, and management of IBD. In this article, we review the ways in which the mutualistic circle of dietary nutrients, gut microbiota, and the immune system becomes anomalous during the IBD process, and discuss the roles of bacterial factors in shaping the intestinal inflammatory barrier and adjusting immune capacity.
Qianqian Yao; Huiying Li; Linlin Fan; Yangdong Zhang; Shengguo Zhao; Nan Zheng; Jiaqi Wang. Dietary Regulation of the Crosstalk between Gut Microbiome and Immune Response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Foods 2021, 10, 368 .
AMA StyleQianqian Yao, Huiying Li, Linlin Fan, Yangdong Zhang, Shengguo Zhao, Nan Zheng, Jiaqi Wang. Dietary Regulation of the Crosstalk between Gut Microbiome and Immune Response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Foods. 2021; 10 (2):368.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQianqian Yao; Huiying Li; Linlin Fan; Yangdong Zhang; Shengguo Zhao; Nan Zheng; Jiaqi Wang. 2021. "Dietary Regulation of the Crosstalk between Gut Microbiome and Immune Response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease." Foods 10, no. 2: 368.
The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of farming environments on microbiota in raw milk and to assess the relationship among microbes by 16S rRNA sequencing methods. Samples of raw milk, cow trough water, teat dip cup, teat, teat liner, dairy hall air, cowshed air, feces, feed, and bedding from two farms were collected. The two highest abundant bacterial groups of Moraxellaceae and Staphylococcaceae were found in milk and teat liner samples, respectively, at Zhengzhou farm, Henan Province. Moreover, the two highest abundant bacterial groups of Enterobacteriaceae and Moraxellaceae were found in milk and teat dip cup samples, respectively, at Qiqihar farm, Heilongjiang Province. Source Tracker analysis revealed that the teat liner and teat dip cup were the most important contributors of microbes in milk samples at Zhengzhou farm and Qiqihar farm, respectively, which could be attributed to the management level of the farm. Therefore, disinfection and cleaning procedures should be developed to improve the quality of raw milk.
Bingyao Du; Lu Meng; Huimin Liu; Nan Zheng; Yangdong Zhang; Xiaodong Guo; Shengguo Zhao; Fadi Li; Jiaqi Wang. Impacts of Milking and Housing Environment on Milk Microbiota. Animals 2020, 10, 2339 .
AMA StyleBingyao Du, Lu Meng, Huimin Liu, Nan Zheng, Yangdong Zhang, Xiaodong Guo, Shengguo Zhao, Fadi Li, Jiaqi Wang. Impacts of Milking and Housing Environment on Milk Microbiota. Animals. 2020; 10 (12):2339.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBingyao Du; Lu Meng; Huimin Liu; Nan Zheng; Yangdong Zhang; Xiaodong Guo; Shengguo Zhao; Fadi Li; Jiaqi Wang. 2020. "Impacts of Milking and Housing Environment on Milk Microbiota." Animals 10, no. 12: 2339.
In this study we revealed the diversity of active ureolytic bacteria in the rumen by compared ureC amplicons between gDNA and cDNA. Rumen fluid was collected from four Holstein dairy cows with rumen fistulas at 0, 2, and 6 h after morning feeding. Total microbial gDNA and RNA were isolated, and the RNA was reverse-transcribed into cDNA. The ureC gene amplicons of gDNA and cDNA were produced and sequenced by MiSeq. These results revealed that the sampling time had no significant difference on the alphssa and beta diversity indices of the ureolytic bacteria. The Shannon diversity of the ureC gene for cDNA was greater than that for gDNA (p < 0.05). There were significant difference in the beta diversity of ureolytic bacteria between gDNA and cDNA (p < 0.01), which indicates a shift in the community of active ureolytic bacteria. Approximately 67% of ureC sequences from cDNA could not be confidently classified at the genus level. The active ureolytic bacteria were mainly from Helicobacter, Herbaspirillum, Clostridium, Paenibacillus, Synechococcus, and Sphingobacterium sp. Changes in the operational taxonomic units revealed that the top abundant ureC genes were mostly consistent between gDNA and cDNA, and most differences occurred in the ureC genes with lower abundances. These results revealed distinct ureolytic bacteria community profiles based on gDNA and cDNA. The dominant ureolytic bacteria had high transcriptional activity, and the differential were mainly distributed in the genus of low abundance.
Sijia Liu; Nan Zheng; Shengguo Zhao; Jiaqi Wang. Exploring the Diversity of Active Ureolytic Bacteria in the Rumen by Comparison of cDNA and gDNA. Animals 2020, 10, 2162 .
AMA StyleSijia Liu, Nan Zheng, Shengguo Zhao, Jiaqi Wang. Exploring the Diversity of Active Ureolytic Bacteria in the Rumen by Comparison of cDNA and gDNA. Animals. 2020; 10 (11):2162.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSijia Liu; Nan Zheng; Shengguo Zhao; Jiaqi Wang. 2020. "Exploring the Diversity of Active Ureolytic Bacteria in the Rumen by Comparison of cDNA and gDNA." Animals 10, no. 11: 2162.
Inhibition of the urease activity of ruminal microbiota is not only beneficial for increasing dietary and endogenic urea-N utilization efficiency in ruminants but also might be applicable for the preservation of nitrogen fertilizer in soil and treatment of gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections caused by ureolytic bacteria. To discover urease inhibitors to efficiently target ruminal microbiota, the identified ruminal microbial metagenomic urease gene was used to construct a homology model to virtually screen urease inhibitors from the ChemDiv database by molecular docking. The GMQE and QMEAN values of the homology model were 0.85 and −0.37, respectively, indicating a good model quality. The inhibition effect of the screened urease inhibitor for ruminal urea degradation was assessed by ruminal microbial fermentation in vitro. The toxic effect of the candidate inhibitor was performed using gut Caco-2 cells in vitro. The results showed that compound 3-[1-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl] propanoic acid (ChemDiv_ID: 6238-0047, IC50 = 65.86 μM) was found to be the most effective urease inhibitor among the candidate compounds. Compound 6238-0047 significantly lowered the amount of urea degradation and ammonia production in ruminal microbial fermentation. The 24 h degradation rate of compound 6238-0047 in ruminal microbial fermentation was 3.32%–16.00%. In addition, compound 6238-0047 (10–100 μM) had no significant adverse effect on the cell viability of Caco-2 cells. Molecular docking showed that compound 6238-0047 could interact with Asp359 in the active site and Cys318 in the flap region by the hydrogen bond and Pi-Alkyl interaction, respectively. Compound 6238-0047 could be used as a novel inhibitor for decreasing the urease activity of ruminal microbiota.
Zhenyu Zhang; Ming Li; Xiaoyin Zhang; Nan Zheng; Shengguo Zhao; Jiaqi Wang. A Novel Urease Inhibitor of Ruminal Microbiota Screened through Molecular Docking. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 6006 .
AMA StyleZhenyu Zhang, Ming Li, Xiaoyin Zhang, Nan Zheng, Shengguo Zhao, Jiaqi Wang. A Novel Urease Inhibitor of Ruminal Microbiota Screened through Molecular Docking. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (17):6006.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhenyu Zhang; Ming Li; Xiaoyin Zhang; Nan Zheng; Shengguo Zhao; Jiaqi Wang. 2020. "A Novel Urease Inhibitor of Ruminal Microbiota Screened through Molecular Docking." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 17: 6006.
The unclassified Succinivibrionaceae lineages are abundant in high yielding multiparous cows, and their presence is positively correlated with milk yield and fat percentage and reduces methane emissions. However, it is still unclear which species are associated with the most efficient feed nutrient utilization and productivity. Here, we used integrated whole genome sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, coupled with phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, to characterize S. dextrinosolvens Z6, a species in Succinivibrionaceae isolated from the rumen. To assess the role of S. dextrinosolvens Z6 in nitrogen metabolism, cells grown in different nitrogen sources were analyzed by RNA sequencing. The whole genome sequence result revealed a genome size of 3.47 Mbp with 38.9% of G + C content. A total of 2993 encoding sequences account for 98%. The genes for regulating carbohydrate (10.6%) and amino acid (9%) transport and metabolism were the most abundant. ANI (Average nucleotide identity) showed that SD-Z6 was most closely related to SD-22B (99.96%). The whole genome alignment of SD-Z6 with SD-22B showed a more than 0.34 Mb nucleotide difference. Growth of SD-Z6 occurred at a temperature 36–42°C with an optimum at 39.7°C, pH 6–8; the optimum pH was 6.9 and with 0–1% (w/v) NaCl. The maximum growth (OD600 0.825 ± 0.12) and microbial crude protein (MCP) (178.2 μg/ml) were observed in cells grown in amino acid. The maximum concentration of ammonia (3.96 ± 1.2) was observed in urea containing media and 1.06 mM (26.7% of the produced) remained after 24 h incubation. Activities of urease and glutamine synthase (P < 0.01) and glutamate dehydrogenase (P < 0.05) were significantly different in nitrogen and growth phase. Glutamate synthetase (P < 0.01) was significantly different only at different growth phases. In total, 1246 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in all nitrogen. Among DEGs, 33 were related to nitrogen metabolism. Their expression correlated with nitrogen sources and the intensity of enzyme activity. This result enhances our understanding of the roles of Succinivibrionaceae in the efficient nitrogen utilization and on environmental protection.
Samson Hailemariam; Shengguo Zhao; Jiaqi Wang. Complete Genome Sequencing and Transcriptome Analysis of Nitrogen Metabolism of Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens Strain Z6 Isolated From Dairy Cow Rumen. Frontiers in Microbiology 2020, 11, 1 .
AMA StyleSamson Hailemariam, Shengguo Zhao, Jiaqi Wang. Complete Genome Sequencing and Transcriptome Analysis of Nitrogen Metabolism of Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens Strain Z6 Isolated From Dairy Cow Rumen. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2020; 11 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamson Hailemariam; Shengguo Zhao; Jiaqi Wang. 2020. "Complete Genome Sequencing and Transcriptome Analysis of Nitrogen Metabolism of Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens Strain Z6 Isolated From Dairy Cow Rumen." Frontiers in Microbiology 11, no. : 1.
Zinc is considered to be an anti-diarrheal agent, and it may therefore reduce the incidence of diarrhea in young calves. In the present study, we aimed to compare the effect of zinc source on growth performance, the incidence of diarrhea, tissue zinc accumulation, the expression of zinc transporters, and the serum concentrations of zinc-dependent proteins in neonatal Holstein dairy calves. Eighteen male newborn Holstein dairy calves were fed milk and starter diet supplemented with or without 80 mg zinc/d in the form of Zn-Met or ZnO for 14 days, and were then euthanized. Zn-Met supplementation improved average daily gain and feed efficiency, and reduced the incidence of diarrhea, compared with control calves (p < 0.05). It also increased the serum and hepatic zinc concentrations and the mRNA expression of the ZIP4 transporter in the jejunal mucosa of the calves (p < 0.05). In addition, the serum alkaline phosphatase activity and metallothionein concentration were higher in Zn-Met-treated calves than in control calves (p < 0.05). ZnO supplementation had similar effects, but these did not reach significance. Thus, Zn-Met supplementation is an effective means of increasing tissue zinc accumulation and jejunal zinc absorption, and can be used as an anti-diarrheal strategy in neonatal calves.
Fengtao Ma; Yeqianli Wo; Hongyang Li; Meinan Chang; Jingya Wei; Shengguo Zhao; Peng Sun. Effect of the Source of Zinc on the Tissue Accumulation of Zinc and Jejunal Mucosal Zinc Transporter Expression in Holstein Dairy Calves. Animals 2020, 10, 1246 .
AMA StyleFengtao Ma, Yeqianli Wo, Hongyang Li, Meinan Chang, Jingya Wei, Shengguo Zhao, Peng Sun. Effect of the Source of Zinc on the Tissue Accumulation of Zinc and Jejunal Mucosal Zinc Transporter Expression in Holstein Dairy Calves. Animals. 2020; 10 (8):1246.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFengtao Ma; Yeqianli Wo; Hongyang Li; Meinan Chang; Jingya Wei; Shengguo Zhao; Peng Sun. 2020. "Effect of the Source of Zinc on the Tissue Accumulation of Zinc and Jejunal Mucosal Zinc Transporter Expression in Holstein Dairy Calves." Animals 10, no. 8: 1246.
Plant bioactive compounds have been chosen as alternative antibiotic to promote animal productivity. Biochanin A is a type of naturally occurring bioactive compound. It is O-methylated isoflavone and is found in red clover, alfalfa sprouts, and other legumes. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of biochanin A on rumen microbial fermentation and composition. The results show that biochanin a increases microbial gas production, but has no effect on volatile fatty acid (VFA) production. Microbial urease activity was inhibited by Biochanin A with the IC50 of 320 nM. Biochanin A also inhibited the degradation rate of Val, Lys, Met, Leu and total amino acids, respectively. The inhibition of urease activity and amino acid decomposition by biochanin A resulted in a reduction in ammonia. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that biochanin A reduced the abundance of proteolytic bacteria Prevotella and Streptococcus. Therefore, biochanin A reduced the production of ammonia by inhibiting proteolytic bacteria and its decomposition of urea and amino acids activity. Biochanin A is a naturally occurring flavonoid compound that is found in plant species such as red clover (Trifolium pretense) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Flavonoids have been reported to regulate ruminal fermentation, and the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of biochanin A on ruminal microbial composition and nitrogen metabolism. The experiment was performed by in vitro batch culturing of a control (without biochanin A) and a biochanin A treatment. Following a 24-h incubation, gas production and the amounts of ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), volatile fatty acid (VFA), and amino acids were measured. Microbial population using 16S rRNA gene sequence. We found that the addition of biochanin A significantly increased microbial gas production; but had no effect on VFA production. Biochanin A supplementation also resulted in reduced microbial urease activity with half the maximal inhibitory concentration of 320 nM and also inhibited the degradation rates of total amino acids, valine, lysine, methionine and leucine by 18%, 56%, 37%, 13%, and 12%, respectively. This inhibition of urease activity and amino acid decomposition resulted in a significant reduction in the NH3-N concentration. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA sequence to monitor microbial composition showed that biochanin A significantly reduced the abundance of the proteolytic bacteria Prevotella and ureolytic bacteria Selenomonas, but increased the abundance of the lactic acid metabolizing bacteria Veillonella and Megasphaera. In conclusion, biochanin A reduced the production of ammonia by inhibiting proteolytic bacteria and their decomposition of urea and amino acids.
Sijia Liu; Zhenyu Zhang; Samson Hailemariam; Nan Zheng; Min Wang; Shengguo Zhao; Jiaqi Wang. Biochanin A Inhibits Ruminal Nitrogen-Metabolizing Bacteria and Alleviates the Decomposition of Amino Acids and Urea In Vitro. Animals 2020, 10, 368 .
AMA StyleSijia Liu, Zhenyu Zhang, Samson Hailemariam, Nan Zheng, Min Wang, Shengguo Zhao, Jiaqi Wang. Biochanin A Inhibits Ruminal Nitrogen-Metabolizing Bacteria and Alleviates the Decomposition of Amino Acids and Urea In Vitro. Animals. 2020; 10 (3):368.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSijia Liu; Zhenyu Zhang; Samson Hailemariam; Nan Zheng; Min Wang; Shengguo Zhao; Jiaqi Wang. 2020. "Biochanin A Inhibits Ruminal Nitrogen-Metabolizing Bacteria and Alleviates the Decomposition of Amino Acids and Urea In Vitro." Animals 10, no. 3: 368.
Synchrony of energy and nitrogen release in rumen has been proposed to maximize ruminal microbial fermentation. However, the information regarding bacterial community composition and its metabolism under a higher or lower degree of synchronization is limited. In our study, a 0 to 6 h post-feeding infusion (first half infusion, FHI), 6 to 12 h post-feeding infusion (second half infusion, SHI), and 0 to 12 h post-feeding infusion (continuous infusion, CI) of maltodextrin were used to simulate varying degrees of synchronization of energy and nitrogen release in a rumen simulation system. In addition, the bacterial community, metabolite, enzyme activity, and microbial protein synthesis (MPS) were evaluated. Compared with the FHI and CI, the relative abundance of Fibrobacter, Ruminobacter, BF311, and CF231 decreased in the SHI, but that of Klebsiella and Succinivibrio increased in the SHI. The NH3-N and branched-chain volatile fatty acids were significantly higher, but propionate content and activities of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and alanine dehydrogenase were significantly lower in the SHI than those in the FHI and CI. The SHI had lower MPS and less efficiency of MPS than the FHI and CI, which indicated that the SHI had a lower degree of synchronization. Correlation analysis showed that MPS was positively related to GDH activity and relative abundance of Fibrobacter but negatively related to NH3-N and relative abundance of Klebsiella. Therefore, a higher degree of synchronization of energy and nitrogen release increased MPS partly via influencing the bacterial community, metabolism, and enzyme activities of ammonia assimilation in the in vitro fermenters.
Jun Zhang; Nan Zheng; Weijun Shen; Shengguo Zhao; Jiaqi Wang. Synchrony Degree of Dietary Energy and Nitrogen Release Influences Microbial Community, Fermentation, and Protein Synthesis in a Rumen Simulation System. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 231 .
AMA StyleJun Zhang, Nan Zheng, Weijun Shen, Shengguo Zhao, Jiaqi Wang. Synchrony Degree of Dietary Energy and Nitrogen Release Influences Microbial Community, Fermentation, and Protein Synthesis in a Rumen Simulation System. Microorganisms. 2020; 8 (2):231.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJun Zhang; Nan Zheng; Weijun Shen; Shengguo Zhao; Jiaqi Wang. 2020. "Synchrony Degree of Dietary Energy and Nitrogen Release Influences Microbial Community, Fermentation, and Protein Synthesis in a Rumen Simulation System." Microorganisms 8, no. 2: 231.
Maillard reaction products (MRPs), produced in the heating of food, might pose adverse effects on human health. As a classical MRP, the toxicity of furosine in kidney tissue was evaluated and the related mechanism was investigated here. We detected the concentration of furosine in mouse serum and organs using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, and screened out phosphatidylethanolamine (PE; 18:0/16:1) as the special metabolite in kidney by metabonomics analysis. Furthermore, furosine was verified to induce ferroptosis in kidney cells by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (q-PCR) and western blotting. The affinity between furosine and aldose reductase (AR) was measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), indicating AR is one of the targets of furosine. In addition, the furan ring was shown to be the main active group via structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies of furosine and other MRPs, which were toxic to kidney cells by activating ferroptosis pathway.
Huiying Li; Huaigu Yang; Peng Li; Ming Li; Qianqian Yao; Li Min; Yangdong Zhang; Jiaqi Wang; Nan Zheng. Maillard reaction products with furan ring, like furosine, cause kidney injury through triggering ferroptosis pathway. Food Chemistry 2020, 319, 126368 .
AMA StyleHuiying Li, Huaigu Yang, Peng Li, Ming Li, Qianqian Yao, Li Min, Yangdong Zhang, Jiaqi Wang, Nan Zheng. Maillard reaction products with furan ring, like furosine, cause kidney injury through triggering ferroptosis pathway. Food Chemistry. 2020; 319 ():126368.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuiying Li; Huaigu Yang; Peng Li; Ming Li; Qianqian Yao; Li Min; Yangdong Zhang; Jiaqi Wang; Nan Zheng. 2020. "Maillard reaction products with furan ring, like furosine, cause kidney injury through triggering ferroptosis pathway." Food Chemistry 319, no. : 126368.
Ochratoxin A (OTA), an important mycotoxin that occurs in food and animal feed, has aroused widespread concern in recent years. Previous studies have indicated that OTA causes nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, genotoxicity, immunotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. The intestinal toxicity of OTA has gradually become a focus of research, but the mechanisms underlying this toxicity have not been described. Here, differentiated Caco-2 cells were incubated for 48 h with different concentrations of OTA and transcriptome analysis was used to estimate damage to the intestinal barrier. Gene expression profiling was used to compare the characteristics of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). There were altogether 10,090 DEGs, mainly clustered into two downregulation patterns. The Search Tool for Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING), which was used to analyze the protein–protein interaction network, indicated that 24 key enzymes were mostly responsible for regulating cell apoptosis. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis was used to validate eight genes, three of which were key genes (CASP3, CDC25B, and EGR1). The results indicated that OTA dose-dependently induces apoptosis in differentiated Caco-2 cells. Transcriptome analysis showed that the impairment of intestinal function caused by OTA might be partly attributed to apoptosis, which is probably associated with downregulation of murine double minute 2 (MDM2) expression and upregulation of Noxa and caspase 3 (CASP3) expression. This study has highlighted the intestinal toxicity of OTA and provided a genome-wide view of biological responses, which provides a theoretical basis for enterotoxicity and should be useful in establishing a maximum residue limit for OTA.
Xue Yang; Yanan Gao; Qiaoyan Yan; Xiaoyu Bao; Shengguo Zhao; Jiaqi Wang; Nan Zheng. Transcriptome Analysis of Ochratoxin A-Induced Apoptosis in Differentiated Caco-2 Cells. Toxins 2019, 12, 23 .
AMA StyleXue Yang, Yanan Gao, Qiaoyan Yan, Xiaoyu Bao, Shengguo Zhao, Jiaqi Wang, Nan Zheng. Transcriptome Analysis of Ochratoxin A-Induced Apoptosis in Differentiated Caco-2 Cells. Toxins. 2019; 12 (1):23.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXue Yang; Yanan Gao; Qiaoyan Yan; Xiaoyu Bao; Shengguo Zhao; Jiaqi Wang; Nan Zheng. 2019. "Transcriptome Analysis of Ochratoxin A-Induced Apoptosis in Differentiated Caco-2 Cells." Toxins 12, no. 1: 23.
Heat stress negatively impacts the health and milk production of dairy cows, and ruminal microbial populations play an important role in dairy cattle’s milk production. Currently there are no available studies that investigate heat stress-associated changes in the rumen microbiome of lactating dairy cattle. Improved understanding of the link between heat stress and the ruminal microbiome may be beneficial in developing strategies for relieving the influence of heat stress on ruminants by manipulating ruminal microbial composition. In this study, we investigated the ruminal bacterial composition and metabolites in heat stressed and non-heat stressed dairy cows. Eighteen lactating dairy cows were divided into two treatment groups, one with heat stress and one without heat stress. Dry matter intake was measured and rumen fluid from all cows in both groups was collected. The bacterial 16S rRNA genes in the ruminal fluid were sequenced, and the rumen pH and the lactate and acetate of the bacterial metabolites were quantified. Heat stress was associated with significantly decreased dry matter intake and milk production. Rumen pH and rumen acetate concentrations were significantly decreased in the heat stressed group, while ruminal lactate concentration increased. The influence of heat stress on the microbial bacterial community structure was minor. However, heat stress was associated with an increase in lactate producing bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus and unclassified Enterobacteriaceae), and with an increase in Ruminobacter, Treponema, and unclassified Bacteroidaceae, all of which utilize soluble carbohydrates as an energy source. The relative abundance of acetate-producing bacterium Acetobacter decreased during heat stress. We concluded that heat stress is associated with changes in ruminal bacterial composition and metabolites, with more lactate and less acetate-producing species in the population, which potentially negatively affects milk production.
Shengguo Zhao; Li Min; Nan Zheng; Jiaqi Wang; Zhao; Min; Wang. Effect of Heat Stress on Bacterial Composition and Metabolism in the Rumen of Lactating Dairy Cows. Animals 2019, 9, 925 .
AMA StyleShengguo Zhao, Li Min, Nan Zheng, Jiaqi Wang, Zhao, Min, Wang. Effect of Heat Stress on Bacterial Composition and Metabolism in the Rumen of Lactating Dairy Cows. Animals. 2019; 9 (11):925.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShengguo Zhao; Li Min; Nan Zheng; Jiaqi Wang; Zhao; Min; Wang. 2019. "Effect of Heat Stress on Bacterial Composition and Metabolism in the Rumen of Lactating Dairy Cows." Animals 9, no. 11: 925.
Antibiotics are increasingly found in dairy products. To ensure consumer safety, rapid screening methods which are accurate and cost-effective are highly in demand. A multiplexed detection technology was tested for quantification of these four kinds of antibiotics simultaneously in milk. The visual microarray technology based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays was utilized in this method, which can detect multiple target molecules simultaneously. This colorimetric technology provides direct results that can be detected using common commercial microplate scanners. The limit of detection (LOD) were calculated as 3.30, 3.39, 2.42 and 4.88 μg kg−1 for quinolones, tetracycline, lincomycin and streptomycin, respectively. The limits of quantity (LOQ) were defined as 8.97, 8.43, 5.36 and 10.97 μg kg−1 for quinolones, tetracycline, lincomycin and streptomycin, respectively. The accuracy of method was also adequate for these four substances with the recovery rates ranging from 77.6% to 116.4% were obtained for the detection of practical samples. According to our evaluation, this methodology can be used for rapid screening of antibiotics in internal quality control programs in dairy industry.
Bingyao Du; Fang Wen; Xiaodong Guo; Nan Zheng; Yangdong Zhang; Songli Li; Shengguo Zhao; Huimin Liu; Lu Meng; Qingbiao Xu; Ming Li; Fadi Li; Jiaqi Wang. Evaluation of an ELISA-based visualization microarray chip technique for the detection of veterinary antibiotics in milk. Food Control 2019, 106, 106713 .
AMA StyleBingyao Du, Fang Wen, Xiaodong Guo, Nan Zheng, Yangdong Zhang, Songli Li, Shengguo Zhao, Huimin Liu, Lu Meng, Qingbiao Xu, Ming Li, Fadi Li, Jiaqi Wang. Evaluation of an ELISA-based visualization microarray chip technique for the detection of veterinary antibiotics in milk. Food Control. 2019; 106 ():106713.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBingyao Du; Fang Wen; Xiaodong Guo; Nan Zheng; Yangdong Zhang; Songli Li; Shengguo Zhao; Huimin Liu; Lu Meng; Qingbiao Xu; Ming Li; Fadi Li; Jiaqi Wang. 2019. "Evaluation of an ELISA-based visualization microarray chip technique for the detection of veterinary antibiotics in milk." Food Control 106, no. : 106713.
Sestrin2 (SESN2) negatively regulates mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway and casein synthesis in response to amino acid (AA) depletion in cow mammary epithelial cells (CMECs); however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. In the current study, the regulation of SESN2 on AA-mediated β-casein (CSN2) synthesis in CMECs and its mechanism were investigated. Overexpression and silencing of SESN2 demonstrated that SESN2 negatively regulated AA-mediated expression of CSN2 and mTORC1 pathway. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis showed that SESN2 interacted with SH3 domain-binding protein 4 (SH3BP4). Overexpression and silencing of SH3BP4 demonstrated that SH3BP4 negatively regulated AA-mediated expression of CSN2 and mTORC1 pathway and that SESN2 negatively regulated expression of CSN2 and mTORC1 pathway through the SH3BP4 in the presence and absence of AA. Absence or presence of AA demonstrated that AA negatively regulated expression and nuclear localization of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Overexpression and silencing of ATF4 demonstrated that AA negatively regulated SESN2 expression through ATF4. Together, these results indicate that SESN2 negatively regulates the mTORC1 pathway and subsequent CSN2 synthesis through the SH3BP4 in response to AA absence or presence in CMECs.
Chaochao Luo; Nan Zheng; Shengguo Zhao; Jiaqi Wang. Sestrin2 Negatively Regulates Casein Synthesis through the SH3BP4-mTORC1 Pathway in Response to AA Depletion or Supplementation in Cow Mammary Epithelial Cells. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2019, 67, 4849 -4859.
AMA StyleChaochao Luo, Nan Zheng, Shengguo Zhao, Jiaqi Wang. Sestrin2 Negatively Regulates Casein Synthesis through the SH3BP4-mTORC1 Pathway in Response to AA Depletion or Supplementation in Cow Mammary Epithelial Cells. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2019; 67 (17):4849-4859.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChaochao Luo; Nan Zheng; Shengguo Zhao; Jiaqi Wang. 2019. "Sestrin2 Negatively Regulates Casein Synthesis through the SH3BP4-mTORC1 Pathway in Response to AA Depletion or Supplementation in Cow Mammary Epithelial Cells." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 67, no. 17: 4849-4859.
Research on mycotoxins now requires a systematic study of post-exposure organisms. In this study, the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on biofluids biomarkers were examined with metabolomics and biochemical tests. The results showed that milk concentration of aflatoxin M1 changed with the addition or removal of AFB1. AFB1 significantly affected serum concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malon dialdehyde (MDA), SOD/MDA, and the total antioxidant capacity. Significant differences of volatile fatty acids and NH3-N were detected in the rumen fluid. Eighteen rumen fluid metabolites, 11 plasma metabolites, and 9 milk metabolites were significantly affected by the AFB1. These metabolites are mainly involved in the pathway of amino acids metabolism. Our results suggest that not only is the study of macro-indicators (milk composition and production) important, but that more attention should be paid to micro-indicators (biomarkers) when assessing the risks posed by mycotoxins to dairy cows.
Qian Wang; Yangdong Zhang; Nan Zheng; Liya Guo; XiaoMing Song; Shengguo Zhao; Jiaqi Wang. Biological System Responses of Dairy Cows to Aflatoxin B1 Exposure Revealed with Metabolomic Changes in Multiple Biofluids. Toxins 2019, 11, 77 .
AMA StyleQian Wang, Yangdong Zhang, Nan Zheng, Liya Guo, XiaoMing Song, Shengguo Zhao, Jiaqi Wang. Biological System Responses of Dairy Cows to Aflatoxin B1 Exposure Revealed with Metabolomic Changes in Multiple Biofluids. Toxins. 2019; 11 (2):77.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQian Wang; Yangdong Zhang; Nan Zheng; Liya Guo; XiaoMing Song; Shengguo Zhao; Jiaqi Wang. 2019. "Biological System Responses of Dairy Cows to Aflatoxin B1 Exposure Revealed with Metabolomic Changes in Multiple Biofluids." Toxins 11, no. 2: 77.
We assessed the presence of tetracyclines, quinolones, lincomycin, and streptomycin in ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk samples (n = 148) and pasteurized milk samples (n = 50) from China using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay-based visualization microarray chip technique. The detection rates of tetracyclines, quinolones, lincomycin, and streptomycin were 4.7%, 3.3%, 2.7%, and 15.5%, respectively, in UHT milk and 16.0%, 4.0%, 2.0%, and 14.0%, respectively, in pasteurized milk. The maximum levels of tetracyclines, quinolones, lincomycin, and streptomycin in the sample were 9.06 μg kg−1, 4.06 μg kg−1, 7.66 μg kg−1, and 8.92 μg kg−1, respectively, which are lower than the maximum residue levels established in China, the Codex Alimentarius Commission, and the European Union, indicating the milk production/marketing system might be adequately controlling the antibiotic residue risk. However, considering the limited sample numbers, and relative high detection rates in spring and summer which might pose a health risk on population,control measures still need to be strictly enforced to keep these residues at safe levels.
Bingyao Du; Fang Wen; Yangdong Zhang; Nan Zheng; Songli Li; Fadi Li; Jiaqi Wang. Presence of tetracyclines, quinolones, lincomycin and streptomycin in milk. Food Control 2019, 100, 171 -175.
AMA StyleBingyao Du, Fang Wen, Yangdong Zhang, Nan Zheng, Songli Li, Fadi Li, Jiaqi Wang. Presence of tetracyclines, quinolones, lincomycin and streptomycin in milk. Food Control. 2019; 100 ():171-175.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBingyao Du; Fang Wen; Yangdong Zhang; Nan Zheng; Songli Li; Fadi Li; Jiaqi Wang. 2019. "Presence of tetracyclines, quinolones, lincomycin and streptomycin in milk." Food Control 100, no. : 171-175.
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of urea hydrolysis rate on ruminal bacterial diversity level and cellulolytic bacteria abundance in vitro. To control urea hydrolysis rate, urea and urease inhibitor (acetohydroxamic acid, AHA) were supplemented to a 2 × 2 factorial design, with urea supplemented at 0 or 20 g/kg dry matter (DM) of substrate, and AHA equivalent to 0 or 450 mg/kg DM of substrate. Ruminal fluid was collected from three Chinese Holstein dairy cows, fed a TMR, and incubated at 39 °C for 12 h after the addition of urea and AHA. Rumen fermentation parameters, which indicated the rate of ammonia formation (including ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) and urea-nitrogen concentrations, urease activity, and microbial crude protein) were measured by chemical analysis. Bacterial diversity was analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Total bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria abundance was detected by quantitative PCR. Results showed that AHA addition significantly decreased the rate of ammonia formation when urea was supplemented. Urea and AHA supplementation significantly increased the bacterial community diversity level according to the Shannon–Weiner index of 16S DGGE images. Furthermore, ruminal bacterial profiles were separated by ammonia release rate when urea was supplemented, according to the DGGE and hierarchical cluster analysis. Urea supplementation reduced the abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, such asRuminococcus albus,R. flavefaciens,Fibrobacter succinogenes, andButyrivibrio fibrosolvens, but inhibition of urea hydrolysis by AHA addition alleviated the reductions during the early period of incubation. In conclusion, slow release of ammonia induced by urease inhibitor influenced the ruminal bacterial diversity level and lessened the inhibition of total bacteria growth at the incubation of 12 h andF. succinogenesduring the early period of incubation.
Pengpeng Wang; Shengguo Zhao; Xuemei Nan; Di Jin; Jiaqi Wang. Influence of hydrolysis rate of urea on ruminal bacterial diversity level and cellulolytic bacteria abundance in vitro. PeerJ 2018, 6, e5475 .
AMA StylePengpeng Wang, Shengguo Zhao, Xuemei Nan, Di Jin, Jiaqi Wang. Influence of hydrolysis rate of urea on ruminal bacterial diversity level and cellulolytic bacteria abundance in vitro. PeerJ. 2018; 6 ():e5475.
Chicago/Turabian StylePengpeng Wang; Shengguo Zhao; Xuemei Nan; Di Jin; Jiaqi Wang. 2018. "Influence of hydrolysis rate of urea on ruminal bacterial diversity level and cellulolytic bacteria abundance in vitro." PeerJ 6, no. : e5475.
Aflatoxins, including aflatoxin B (AFB) and M (AFM), are natural potent carcinogens produced by Aspergillus spp. These compounds, which can often be detected in dairy foods, can cause diseases in human beings. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in cytotoxicity, as well as methods for intervention, remain largely unexplored. For example, it is unclear whether lactoferrin (LF), a major antioxidant in milk, can inhibit the cytotoxicity of AFB and AFM. In this study, we assessed AFB- and AFM-induced cell toxicity by measuring cell viability, membrane permeability, and genotoxicity, and then investigated the ability of LF to protect cells against AFB and AFM. In Caco-2, HEK, Hep-G2, and SK-N-SH cells, 4 μg/mL AFB or AFM significantly inhibited cell growth, increased the level of lactate dehydrogenase, induced genetic damage, and increased the levels of signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) (p < 0.05). AFB was more genotoxic than AFM in all four cell lines, especially in Hep-G2. In Caco-2, Hep-G2, and SK-N-SH, incubation of AF-treated cells with 1000 μg/mL LF significantly decreased cytotoxicity, oxidation level, DNA damage, and levels of ERK1/2 and JNK (p < 0.05). Our data demonstrate that AFB or AFM induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in these four cell lines, and that LF alleviated toxicity by decreasing oxidative stress mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.
Nan Zheng; Huan Zhang; Songli Li; Jiaqi Wang; Jia Liu; Hui Ren; Yanan Gao. Lactoferrin inhibits aflatoxin B1- and aflatoxin M1-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in Caco-2, HEK, Hep-G2, and SK-N-SH cells. Toxicon 2018, 150, 77 -85.
AMA StyleNan Zheng, Huan Zhang, Songli Li, Jiaqi Wang, Jia Liu, Hui Ren, Yanan Gao. Lactoferrin inhibits aflatoxin B1- and aflatoxin M1-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in Caco-2, HEK, Hep-G2, and SK-N-SH cells. Toxicon. 2018; 150 ():77-85.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNan Zheng; Huan Zhang; Songli Li; Jiaqi Wang; Jia Liu; Hui Ren; Yanan Gao. 2018. "Lactoferrin inhibits aflatoxin B1- and aflatoxin M1-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in Caco-2, HEK, Hep-G2, and SK-N-SH cells." Toxicon 150, no. : 77-85.