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European Union climate goals aim to increase waste incineration instead of landfills. Incineration of waste increases the mismatch between heat production and consumption since waste is generated constantly but energy demand varies significantly between seasons. Seasonal energy storage is suggested to alleviate this mismatch. However, traditional seasonal storage options have not been cost-effective investments for energy companies. This paper explores the feasibility of a large cavern thermal energy storage in a large district heating system with waste incineration. First, 62 one-year optimisations for seasonal storage with varying size and power were conducted to determine the economic performance of the system. Second, the annual system emissions were estimated. The results show that even small capacity seasonal storage reduces system emissions significantly. Return on investment for the most profitable storage with a capacity of 90 GWh and power of 200 MW range between 3.6% and 9.4%, and the investment varies between EUR 43–112 M depending on costs. Seasonal energy storages are still not as profitable as traditional energy investments. This might change due to growing waste heat recovery and the rising cost of carbon emissions. Further research is needed into new business models for implementing large seasonal storages.
Petri Penttinen; Jussi Vimpari; Seppo Junnila. Optimal Seasonal Heat Storage in a District Heating System with Waste Incineration. Energies 2021, 14, 3522 .
AMA StylePetri Penttinen, Jussi Vimpari, Seppo Junnila. Optimal Seasonal Heat Storage in a District Heating System with Waste Incineration. Energies. 2021; 14 (12):3522.
Chicago/Turabian StylePetri Penttinen; Jussi Vimpari; Seppo Junnila. 2021. "Optimal Seasonal Heat Storage in a District Heating System with Waste Incineration." Energies 14, no. 12: 3522.
Sustainable forest management and harvested wood products together can create a growing carbon sink by storing carbon in long-lived products. The role of wood products in climate change mitigation has been studied from several perspectives, but not yet from a consumer's view. In this study, we examine the impact of wooden housing on consumer carbon footprints in Finland. We use the 2016 Finnish Household Budget Survey and Exiobase 2015, a global multi-regional input-output model. The sample size is 3,700 households, of which 45% live in a wooden house. We find that residents of wooden houses have a 12(±3)% (950 kg CO2-eq/year) lower carbon footprint on average than residents of non-wooden houses, when income, household type, education of the main income provider, age of the house, owner-occupancy and urban zone are controlled in regression analysis. This is not fully explained by the impact of the construction material, which suggests that the residents of wooden houses may have some features in their lifestyles that lower their carbon footprints further. In addition, we find that an investment in a new wooden house in an urban area has a strong reducing impact on a consumer's carbon footprint, while investments in other types of housing have a weaker or no reducing impact. Our findings support wooden housing as a meaningful sustainable consumption choice.
Juudit Ottelin; Ali Amiri; Bernhard Steubing; Seppo Junnila. Comparative carbon footprint analysis of residents of wooden and non-wooden houses in Finland. Environmental Research Letters 2021, 16, 074006 .
AMA StyleJuudit Ottelin, Ali Amiri, Bernhard Steubing, Seppo Junnila. Comparative carbon footprint analysis of residents of wooden and non-wooden houses in Finland. Environmental Research Letters. 2021; 16 (7):074006.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuudit Ottelin; Ali Amiri; Bernhard Steubing; Seppo Junnila. 2021. "Comparative carbon footprint analysis of residents of wooden and non-wooden houses in Finland." Environmental Research Letters 16, no. 7: 074006.
Ilmari Talvitie; Jussi Vimpari; Seppo Junnila. Economic feasibility of wood-based structures – improving urban carbon neutrality strategies. Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleIlmari Talvitie, Jussi Vimpari, Seppo Junnila. Economic feasibility of wood-based structures – improving urban carbon neutrality strategies. Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIlmari Talvitie; Jussi Vimpari; Seppo Junnila. 2021. "Economic feasibility of wood-based structures – improving urban carbon neutrality strategies." Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability , no. : 1.
Ali Amiri; Juudit Ottelin; Jaana Sorvari; Seppo Junnila. Cities as carbon sinks—classification of wooden buildings. Environmental Research Letters 2020, 15, 094076 .
AMA StyleAli Amiri, Juudit Ottelin, Jaana Sorvari, Seppo Junnila. Cities as carbon sinks—classification of wooden buildings. Environmental Research Letters. 2020; 15 (9):094076.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli Amiri; Juudit Ottelin; Jaana Sorvari; Seppo Junnila. 2020. "Cities as carbon sinks—classification of wooden buildings." Environmental Research Letters 15, no. 9: 094076.
The increased smartness of the built environment is expected to contribute positively to climate change mitigation through energy conservation, efficient renewable energy utilization, and greenhouse gas emission reduction. Accordingly, significant investments are required in smart technologies, which enable the distributed supply of renewables and increased demand-side energy flexibility. The present study set out to understand the cash flows and economic viability of a real-life smart system investment in a building. The data collection process was threefold: First, a case building’s level of (energy) smartness was estimated. Second, the semi-structured interviews were held to understand the building owner’s motives for a smart investment. Third, the investment’s profitability was analyzed. The study found that the progressive smartness investment was technically feasible, and surprisingly also economically profitable. The original EUR 6 million investment provided over 10% return-on-investment and, thus, increased the property value by more than EUR 10 million. Moreover, the commercial partners also emphasized the strategic value gained by renewable energy and environmental performance. The high level of smartness with a good return on investment was accomplished mainly through new income generated from the reserve power markets. However, the results implied that financial profitability alone was not enough to justify the economic viability of a smart building system investment.
Eerika Janhunen; Niina Leskinen; Seppo Junnila. The Economic Viability of a Progressive Smart Building System with Power Storage. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5998 .
AMA StyleEerika Janhunen, Niina Leskinen, Seppo Junnila. The Economic Viability of a Progressive Smart Building System with Power Storage. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (15):5998.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEerika Janhunen; Niina Leskinen; Seppo Junnila. 2020. "The Economic Viability of a Progressive Smart Building System with Power Storage." Sustainability 12, no. 15: 5998.
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Nargessadat Emami; Jukka Heinonen; Björn Marteinsson; Antti Säynäjoki; Juha-Matti Junnonen; Jani Laine; Seppo Junnila. Correction: Emami, N., et al. A Life Cycle Assessment of Two Residential Buildings Using Two Different LCA Database-Software Combinations: Recognizing Uniformities and Inconsistencies. Buildings, 2019, 9, 20. Buildings 2020, 10, 90 .
AMA StyleNargessadat Emami, Jukka Heinonen, Björn Marteinsson, Antti Säynäjoki, Juha-Matti Junnonen, Jani Laine, Seppo Junnila. Correction: Emami, N., et al. A Life Cycle Assessment of Two Residential Buildings Using Two Different LCA Database-Software Combinations: Recognizing Uniformities and Inconsistencies. Buildings, 2019, 9, 20. Buildings. 2020; 10 (5):90.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNargessadat Emami; Jukka Heinonen; Björn Marteinsson; Antti Säynäjoki; Juha-Matti Junnonen; Jani Laine; Seppo Junnila. 2020. "Correction: Emami, N., et al. A Life Cycle Assessment of Two Residential Buildings Using Two Different LCA Database-Software Combinations: Recognizing Uniformities and Inconsistencies. Buildings, 2019, 9, 20." Buildings 10, no. 5: 90.
This study aims to review empirical research concerning the impact of green certificates on property cash flows and values, particularly from professional property investors’ perspective. The study uses discounted cash flows (DCF), a widely used property valuation method in income-generating properties, as a methodological framework. In this study, over 70 peer-reviewed studies were identified, categorized, and analyzed in the DCF framework. The reviewed studies indicated that certificates might increase the rental income and decrease the operating expenses, vacancy, and risks of a property. Together with the brand value of certificates, these enhancements should lead to an increase in property value. The number of studies has grown rapidly during the 2010s. Lately, studies have developed from asset-level to portfolio-level examinations. Although the reviewed studies found certification to be beneficial, the range of reported benefits was wide, and over half of the studies concentrated on U.S. commercial real estate markets, with a strong focus on LEED and ENERGY STAR certificates. From a property valuation perspective, applying these results to other markets and certificates might be challenging. Property values that fully reflect the environmental performance of properties would be a key to motivate mainstream investors to adopt sustainable property features.
Niina Leskinen; Jussi Vimpari; Seppo Junnila. A Review of the Impact of Green Building Certification on the Cash Flows and Values of Commercial Properties. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2729 .
AMA StyleNiina Leskinen, Jussi Vimpari, Seppo Junnila. A Review of the Impact of Green Building Certification on the Cash Flows and Values of Commercial Properties. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (7):2729.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNiina Leskinen; Jussi Vimpari; Seppo Junnila. 2020. "A Review of the Impact of Green Building Certification on the Cash Flows and Values of Commercial Properties." Sustainability 12, no. 7: 2729.
Some cities have set carbon neutrality targets prior to national or state-wide neutrality targets, which makes the shift to carbon neutrality more difficult, as the surrounding system does not support this. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate different options for a progressive city to reach carbon neutrality in energy prior to the surrounding system. The study followed the C40 Cities definition of a carbon-neutral city and used the City of Vantaa in Finland as a progressive case aiming for carbon neutrality by 2030, five years before the national target for carbon neutrality. The study mapped the carbon neutrality process based on City documents and national statistics, and validated it through process-owner interviews. It was identified that most of the measures in the carbon neutrality process were actually outside the jurisdiction of the City, which outsources the responsibility for the majority of carbon neutrality actions to either private properties or national actors with broader boundaries. The only major measure in the City’s direct control was the removal of carbon emissions from municipal district heat production, which potentially represent 30% of the City’s reported carbon emissions and 58% of its energy-related carbon emissions. Interestingly, the City owns electricity production capacity within and beyond the city borders, but it doesn’t allocate it for itself. Allocation would significantly increase the control over the City’s own actions regarding carbon neutrality. Thus, it is proposed that cities aiming for carbon neutrality should promote and advance allocable carbon-free energy production, regardless of geographical location, as one of the central methods of achieving carbon neutrality.
Jani Laine; Jukka Heinonen; Seppo Junnila. Pathways to Carbon-Neutral Cities Prior to a National Policy. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2445 .
AMA StyleJani Laine, Jukka Heinonen, Seppo Junnila. Pathways to Carbon-Neutral Cities Prior to a National Policy. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2445.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJani Laine; Jukka Heinonen; Seppo Junnila. 2020. "Pathways to Carbon-Neutral Cities Prior to a National Policy." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2445.
Buildings use 30–40% of all energy resources and are thus the main consumers in modern society. Moreover, buildings require a vast amount of different raw materials. During the last two decades, several green building certifications have been created in order to consider the social, economic, and environmental aspects of the sustainability of buildings. One of the most famous and widely used of these certifications is Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED). So far, the use of LEED has concentrated in the US and other developed countries. One reason that restricts the use of this point-based system certification in developing countries is the limited data about its costs. In this study, the extra cost of the certification process were evaluated, besides the changes needed in the design of the building to reach the points required by LEED. At the first stage, the number of points the case study earns in its current format (Scenario 1) were assessed, then the cost difference of getting either the Certified (Scenario 2) or Silver (Scenario 3) level LEED certification for the building was studied. It was found that besides some technical considerations, filling the criteria of the Certified and Silver level increases the total costs of construction by 3.4% and 5.9%, respectively. Further improvement of the building’s energy efficiency would enable the attainment of a higher-level certification. The results of the study could help to promote the use of green building certifications in Western Asia.
Ali Amiri; Juudit Ottelin; Jaana Sorvari; Seppo Junnila. Economic and Technical Considerations in Pursuing Green Building Certification: A Case Study from Iran. Sustainability 2020, 12, 719 .
AMA StyleAli Amiri, Juudit Ottelin, Jaana Sorvari, Seppo Junnila. Economic and Technical Considerations in Pursuing Green Building Certification: A Case Study from Iran. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (2):719.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli Amiri; Juudit Ottelin; Jaana Sorvari; Seppo Junnila. 2020. "Economic and Technical Considerations in Pursuing Green Building Certification: A Case Study from Iran." Sustainability 12, no. 2: 719.
Urbanisation increases household carbon footprints in developing economies. However, the results from developed countries have varied, particularly in Europe. This study provides a coherent comparison of the impact of the degree of urbanisation on income, expenditure and carbon footprints in Europe. On average, carbon footprints are 7% lower in cities than in rural areas when income and household characteristics are controlled. However, this is compensated by the 6% higher average income in cities. The patterns are not uniform in all countries. In Eastern Europe, the pattern is similar to other developing regions. In some Western European countries, both the income level and the carbon footprints are lower in urban areas than in rural areas. In the rest of Europe, the differences in income level between rural and urban areas are small, but they still largely compensate for the efficiency benefits of urban areas. We call for more systemic emissions accounting and climate strategies.
Juudit Ottelin; Jukka Heinonen; Jonas Nässén; Seppo Junnila. Household carbon footprint patterns by the degree of urbanisation in Europe. Environmental Research Letters 2019, 14, 114016 .
AMA StyleJuudit Ottelin, Jukka Heinonen, Jonas Nässén, Seppo Junnila. Household carbon footprint patterns by the degree of urbanisation in Europe. Environmental Research Letters. 2019; 14 (11):114016.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuudit Ottelin; Jukka Heinonen; Jonas Nässén; Seppo Junnila. 2019. "Household carbon footprint patterns by the degree of urbanisation in Europe." Environmental Research Letters 14, no. 11: 114016.
Background: Current climate change mitigation policies, including the Paris Agreement, are based on territorial greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting. This neglects the understanding of GHG emissions embodied in trade. As a solution, consumption-based accounting (CBA) that reveals the lifecycle emissions, including transboundary flows, is gaining support as a complementary information tool. CBA is particularly relevant in cities that tend to outsource a large part of their production-based emissions to their hinterlands. While CBA has so far been used relatively little in practical policymaking, it has been used widely by scientists. Methods and Design: The purpose of this systematic review, which covers more than 100 studies, is to reflect the policy implications of consumption-based carbon footprint (CBCF) studies at different spatial scales. The review was conducted by reading through the discussion sections of the reviewed studies and systematically collecting the given policy suggestions for different spatial scales. We used both numerical and qualitative methods to organize and interpret the findings of the review. Review Results and Discussion: The motivation for the review was to investigate whether the unique consumption perspective of CBA leads to similarly unique policy features. We found that various carbon pricing policies are the most widely supported policy instrument in the relevant literature. However, overall, there is a shortage of discussion on policy instruments, since the policy discussions focus on policy outcomes, such as behavioral change or technological solutions. In addition, some policy recommendations are conflicting. Particularly, urban density and compact city policies are supported by some studies and questioned by others. To clarify the issue, we examined how the results regarding the relationship between urban development and the CBCF vary. The review provides a concise starting point for policymakers and future research by summarizing the timely policy implications.
Juudit Ottelin; Sanna Ala-Mantila; Jukka Heinonen; Thomas O (Tommy) Wiedmann; Jack Clarke; Seppo Junnila. What can we learn from consumption-based carbon footprints at different spatial scales? Review of policy implications. Environmental Research Letters 2019, 14, 093001 .
AMA StyleJuudit Ottelin, Sanna Ala-Mantila, Jukka Heinonen, Thomas O (Tommy) Wiedmann, Jack Clarke, Seppo Junnila. What can we learn from consumption-based carbon footprints at different spatial scales? Review of policy implications. Environmental Research Letters. 2019; 14 (9):093001.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuudit Ottelin; Sanna Ala-Mantila; Jukka Heinonen; Thomas O (Tommy) Wiedmann; Jack Clarke; Seppo Junnila. 2019. "What can we learn from consumption-based carbon footprints at different spatial scales? Review of policy implications." Environmental Research Letters 14, no. 9: 093001.
In the EU’s revised Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), a smart readiness indicator (SRI) was introduced as an energy efficiency activity to promote smart ready technologies (SRT) in the building sector. The proposed methodology is based on the evaluation of building services and how they contribute on SRT. The purpose of this paper is to explore the applicability of the SRI to cold climate countries in Northern Europe. The Northern European countries are an interesting test environment for the indicator because of their advanced information and communication technology and high building energy consumption profiles. The findings imply that regardless of the SRI’s conceptualization as a system oriented (smart grid) approach, in its current form, it was not able to recognize the specific features of cold climate buildings, specifically those employing advanced district heating (DH) systems. Another, more practical, implication of the study was that due to the subjective nature of the proposed process for selecting SRI relevant building services, the applicability of SRI as a fair rating system across the EU member states is problematic.
Eerika Janhunen; Lauri Pulkka; Antti Säynäjoki; Seppo Junnila. Applicability of the Smart Readiness Indicator for Cold Climate Countries. Buildings 2019, 9, 102 .
AMA StyleEerika Janhunen, Lauri Pulkka, Antti Säynäjoki, Seppo Junnila. Applicability of the Smart Readiness Indicator for Cold Climate Countries. Buildings. 2019; 9 (4):102.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEerika Janhunen; Lauri Pulkka; Antti Säynäjoki; Seppo Junnila. 2019. "Applicability of the Smart Readiness Indicator for Cold Climate Countries." Buildings 9, no. 4: 102.
Traditionally, the emissions embodied in construction materials have not been considered important; however, they are becoming crucial due to the short time-frame in which the emissions should be reduced. Moreover, evaluating the environmental burden of construction materials has proven problematic and the reliability of the reported impact estimates is questionable. More reliable information from the construction sector is thus urgently needed to back and guide decision-making. Currently, the building sector environmental impact assessments predominantly employ commercial software with environmental impact databases and report results without knowledge about the impact of the software/database choice on the results. In this study, estimates for the embodied environmental impacts of residential construction from the two most widely used life cycle assessment (LCA) database-software combinations, ecoinvent with SimaPro software and GaBi, are compared to recognize the uniformities and inconsistencies. The impacts caused by two residential buildings of different types, a concrete-element multi-story residential building and a detached wooden house, both located in Finland, were assessed, including all building systems with a high level of detail. Based on the ReCiPe Midpoint method, fifteen impact categories were estimated and compared. The results confirm that the tool choice significantly affects the outcome. For the whole building, the difference is significant, around 15%, even in the most widely assessed category of Climate Change, and yields results that lean in different directions for the two cases. In the others, the estimates are entirely different, 40% or more in the majority of the categories and up to several thousand percentages of difference. The main conclusion is that extensive work is still urgently needed to improve the reliability of LCA tools in the building sector in order to provide reliable and trustworthy information for policy-making.
Nargessadat Emami; Jukka Heinonen; Björn Marteinsson; Antti Säynäjoki; Juha-Matti Junnonen; Jani Laine; Seppo Junnila. A Life Cycle Assessment of Two Residential Buildings Using Two Different LCA Database-Software Combinations: Recognizing Uniformities and Inconsistencies. Buildings 2019, 9, 20 .
AMA StyleNargessadat Emami, Jukka Heinonen, Björn Marteinsson, Antti Säynäjoki, Juha-Matti Junnonen, Jani Laine, Seppo Junnila. A Life Cycle Assessment of Two Residential Buildings Using Two Different LCA Database-Software Combinations: Recognizing Uniformities and Inconsistencies. Buildings. 2019; 9 (1):20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNargessadat Emami; Jukka Heinonen; Björn Marteinsson; Antti Säynäjoki; Juha-Matti Junnonen; Jani Laine; Seppo Junnila. 2019. "A Life Cycle Assessment of Two Residential Buildings Using Two Different LCA Database-Software Combinations: Recognizing Uniformities and Inconsistencies." Buildings 9, no. 1: 20.
Demand side management can add flexibility to a district heating (DH) system by balancing the customer’s hourly fluctuating heat demand. The aim of this study is to analyze how different demand side management control strategies, implemented into different customer segments, impact DH production. A city scale heat demand model is constructed from the hourly heat consumption data of different customer segments. This model is used to build several demand side management scenarios to examine the effect of them on both, the heat producer, and the customers. The simulations are run for three different-sized DH systems, representing typical DH systems in Finland, in order to understand how the demand side management implementations affect the production. The findings imply that the demand side management strategy must be built individually for each specific DH system; the changing consumption profiles of different customer segments should be taken into consideration. The results show that the value of demand side management for a DH companies remains low (less than 2% in cost savings), having an effect mostly upon the medium loads without any significant decrease in annual peak heat loads. Also, the findings reflect that the DH pricing models should be developed to make demand side management more attractive to DH customers.
Kaisa Kontu; Jussi Vimpari; Petri Penttinen; Seppo Junnila. City Scale Demand Side Management in Three Different-Sized District Heating Systems. Energies 2018, 11, 3370 .
AMA StyleKaisa Kontu, Jussi Vimpari, Petri Penttinen, Seppo Junnila. City Scale Demand Side Management in Three Different-Sized District Heating Systems. Energies. 2018; 11 (12):3370.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaisa Kontu; Jussi Vimpari; Petri Penttinen; Seppo Junnila. 2018. "City Scale Demand Side Management in Three Different-Sized District Heating Systems." Energies 11, no. 12: 3370.
The circular economy has become a popular concept, suggesting economic growth with fewer emissions and reduced ownership as one of its key parameters. Based on the literature, however, it appears that the concept has not been sufficiently contested empirically. This study evaluates the carbon and material footprint implications of reduced ownership in the context of household consumption. We found that the reduced ownership does not automatically reduce the environmental impact of the production–consumption system in the context of households. Reduced ownership in the study did not have any noticeable influence on material footprint, and in the case of carbon footprint, it only had a mild positive influence in low-income households. The result is surprising, since both intuitively as well as based on the literature, moving from ownership to services should increase resource efficiency and reduce environmental impact. In the context of households, actual consumption and investment behavior seem to override the theoretical benefits of reduced ownership. In our study, the circular economy rebound and the willingness to invest in green products seems to explain quite well why the environmental impact of consumption is not reduced when households move from ownership to services. Households appear to spend the money saved from reduced ownership on carbon-intensive services; when they own the products themselves, they invest a more-than-average amount in the life cycle performance of the products. The paper’s implications for the circular economy as a concept for decoupling economic growth from environmental pressure is that one of its primary qualities, sharing and renting services instead of owning things, seems to offer only a partial solution for the dilemma. In order to fully benefit from reduced ownership, the circular economy should emphasize simultaneous change in both the production and consumption of services, as it seems that simply offering products for rent does not automatically reduce the environmental impact of the final demand.
Seppo Junnila; Juudit Ottelin; Laura Leinikka. Influence of Reduced Ownership on the Environmental Benefits of the Circular Economy. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4077 .
AMA StyleSeppo Junnila, Juudit Ottelin, Laura Leinikka. Influence of Reduced Ownership on the Environmental Benefits of the Circular Economy. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (11):4077.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeppo Junnila; Juudit Ottelin; Laura Leinikka. 2018. "Influence of Reduced Ownership on the Environmental Benefits of the Circular Economy." Sustainability 10, no. 11: 4077.
Purpose New ways of working challenge workplace management: increasing mobility and diminishing organizational boundaries require re-evaluation of both workplace design and service delivery. However, structures and processes of workplace management are still traditional, and managers, together with outsourced facility service providers, often do not succeed at fulfilling the needs of mobile employees. The aforementioned changes stimulate discussions in many areas in both industry and academy. Nevertheless, workplace literature from business perspective seems to be scarce. In this paper, the focus is on workplace service offering for mobile knowledge workers. This paper aims to study the current state of workplace servitization. To answer this, the authors identify value offering elements that are used in office business market to deliver workplace as a service. Design/methodology/approach This study follows multiple case study methodology including five case studies. Primary data were collected through interviews with workplace service providers. Secondary data included observations and publicly available data. The authors took business model design approach to study selected business offerings. Findings The results indicate that workplace business models include elements of servitization on various levels. Physical space is no longer the central offering in the office business; instead, it acts as a component on which the service portfolio is built. The highest value from workplace comes from experience-related service offerings. Originality/value Academically, research contributes to the workplace management studies by providing servitization perspective to a topic previously approached with a more technical and psychological point of view. This study can also support service providers and customer organizations in their quest to make service provision more flexible and experience-oriented.
Vitalija Petrulaitiene; Pia Korba; Suvi Nenonen; Tuuli Jylhä; Seppo Junnila. From walls to experience – servitization of workplaces. Facilities 2018, 36, 525 -544.
AMA StyleVitalija Petrulaitiene, Pia Korba, Suvi Nenonen, Tuuli Jylhä, Seppo Junnila. From walls to experience – servitization of workplaces. Facilities. 2018; 36 (9/10):525-544.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVitalija Petrulaitiene; Pia Korba; Suvi Nenonen; Tuuli Jylhä; Seppo Junnila. 2018. "From walls to experience – servitization of workplaces." Facilities 36, no. 9/10: 525-544.
Sustainable development and climate change mitigation have become guiding policy principles in many welfare states. However, the traditional role of a welfare state is to guarantee the economic stability, jobs and welfare for its citizens. Sustainable development leans on the idea that we can have economic, social and environmental sustainability at the same time. This would require decoupling of economic growth from environmental degradation. Decoupling should be studied globally, because within nations, the economy can grow while local environmental impacts decrease, but at the same time, global environmental impacts may increase due to international trade. In this study, we examine the consumption-based carbon and material footprints of a Nordic welfare state, Finland. We focus on the environmental impacts of public spending, which has received little attention previously. In welfare states, the reallocation of public funds to services and individuals are at its core. In the study, we examine how this affects the carbon and material footprints of various income groups and household types. We find that the share of public services and investments is 19% of the carbon footprint and 38% of the material footprint per capita. Building of infrastructure plays a major role in composing the material footprint. We also find that the welfare state has important features that improve the carbon equity between the citizens. To achieve absolute decoupling, required to reduce environmental impacts caused by economic activities, we suggest policies promoting public and private green investments. In addition, increased carbon pricing would enhance green investments and drive environmental innovation.
Juudit Ottelin; Jukka Heinonen; Seppo Junnila. Carbon and material footprints of a welfare state: Why and how governments should enhance green investments. Environmental Science & Policy 2018, 86, 1 -10.
AMA StyleJuudit Ottelin, Jukka Heinonen, Seppo Junnila. Carbon and material footprints of a welfare state: Why and how governments should enhance green investments. Environmental Science & Policy. 2018; 86 ():1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuudit Ottelin; Jukka Heinonen; Seppo Junnila. 2018. "Carbon and material footprints of a welfare state: Why and how governments should enhance green investments." Environmental Science & Policy 86, no. : 1-10.
Current theories on commercial urban development are dominated by the concept of linearity, which does not adequately take into account the demands of adaptation posed by the pace of change in digital developments, a pace that stands in marked contrast to the pace of change in physical developments. In the hi-tech sector, platform ecosystems have been employed to accommodate innovation and change. This paper explores the potential application of platform ecosystem theory to the commercial urban development process, where there is now great uncertainty regarding the future economic implications and societal requirements of physical commercial space. The boundary conditions for value creation in platform ecosystems are as follows: modularity, standardisation, complementarity and connectivity. Each is explored through a survey of key actors in recently completed commercial urban developments. The analysis identifies significant differences in the capacity of public- and private-sector actors to promote the creation of platform ecosystems, particularly in the complementary actions of development participants. Applying an approach to urban development based on a platform ecosystem might offer great opportunities, but will also be limited by the major challenges identified in this paper.
Karoliina Rajakallio; Richard Cuthbertson; Lauri Pulkka; Seppo Junnila. Creating urban platforms — Opportunities and challenges for innovation in commercial real estate development. Cities 2018, 77, 92 -103.
AMA StyleKaroliina Rajakallio, Richard Cuthbertson, Lauri Pulkka, Seppo Junnila. Creating urban platforms — Opportunities and challenges for innovation in commercial real estate development. Cities. 2018; 77 ():92-103.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaroliina Rajakallio; Richard Cuthbertson; Lauri Pulkka; Seppo Junnila. 2018. "Creating urban platforms — Opportunities and challenges for innovation in commercial real estate development." Cities 77, no. : 92-103.
Juudit Ottelin; Jukka Heinonen; Seppo Junnila. Carbon footprint trends of metropolitan residents in Finland: How strong mitigation policies affect different urban zones. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 170, 1523 -1535.
AMA StyleJuudit Ottelin, Jukka Heinonen, Seppo Junnila. Carbon footprint trends of metropolitan residents in Finland: How strong mitigation policies affect different urban zones. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 170 ():1523-1535.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuudit Ottelin; Jukka Heinonen; Seppo Junnila. 2018. "Carbon footprint trends of metropolitan residents in Finland: How strong mitigation policies affect different urban zones." Journal of Cleaner Production 170, no. : 1523-1535.
The purpose of this paper is to explore the current state of data commercialisation and external distribution in the Finnish real estate and construction (REC) sector. We focus on how companies could more effectively benefit from digitalisation, with more holistic utilisation of data from smart buildings. We assess the current state of data utilisation and distribution using a start-up company analysis and industry workshops. According to our research, the data from smart buildings is gathered on a large scale but very seldom distributed outside company borders. The reason for this almost non-existent external data distribution is the lack of value of the external data. As a solution, we propose the Internet of Buildings framework. The framework is based on a platform ecosystem model that is complemented with data commercialisation roles. It takes into account the current data-related opportunities and challenges in the sector. Within the framework, we suggest stakeholder roles and modes of interaction that promote value creation from smart building data. The framework can be used as a starting point for developing data commercialisation and external data distribution in the sector.
Antti Säynäjoki; Lauri Pulkka; Eeva-Sofia Säynäjoki; Seppo Junnila. Data Commercialisation: Extracting Value from Smart Buildings. Buildings 2017, 7, 104 .
AMA StyleAntti Säynäjoki, Lauri Pulkka, Eeva-Sofia Säynäjoki, Seppo Junnila. Data Commercialisation: Extracting Value from Smart Buildings. Buildings. 2017; 7 (4):104.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntti Säynäjoki; Lauri Pulkka; Eeva-Sofia Säynäjoki; Seppo Junnila. 2017. "Data Commercialisation: Extracting Value from Smart Buildings." Buildings 7, no. 4: 104.