This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
The use of waste materials and by-products in building materials is of increasing importance to improve sustainability in construction, as is the incorporation of photocatalytic materials to both combat atmospheric pollution and protect the structures and façades. This work reports the innovative use of photocatalytic hydroxyapatite (HAp) based powders, derived from Atlantic codfish bone wastes, as an additive to natural hydraulic lime mortars. HAp is the main component of bone, and hence is non-toxic and biocompatible. This is the first time that such a calcium phosphate-based photocatalyst, or indeed any fish/marine derived wastes, have been added to building materials. A key factor is that this HAp-based photocatalyst contains only 1 wt% TiO2, the material usually used as a photocatalyst in construction materials. As we only add 1–5 wt% of our total HAp-based material to the mortar, this means our photocatalytic mortars only contain 0.01–0.05 wt% titania (100–500 ppm), two orders of magnitude less than the quantities of 2–10 wt% TiO2 which are usually needed. Our photocatalyst is made from a sustainable waste stream by simple solution and thermal processing, and thus with a much smaller impact on the environment. Specimens were made by either traditional intermixing techniques, or by a post-curing coating procedure. All showed gas-phase photocatalytic activity for abatement of NOx pollutants under solar light. With intermixing, NOx abatement of 6.3–8.3% was observed. However, for coated mortars, superior NOx conversion rates were achieved of 7.1% and 23.8%, with 1 and 5 wt% additions, respectively. These results show the potential of this naturally-derived photocatalyst for applications in the construction industry, leading to lower atmospheric pollution and the creation of more durable/lower maintenance building façades, and environmentally sustainable materials for the preservation of cultural heritage.
Manfredi Saeli; Clara Piccirillo; David Maria Tobaldi; Russell Binions; Paula M.L. Castro; Robert C. Pullar. A sustainable replacement for TiO2 in photocatalyst construction materials: Hydroxyapatite-based photocatalytic additives, made from the valorisation of food wastes of marine origin. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 193, 115 -127.
AMA StyleManfredi Saeli, Clara Piccirillo, David Maria Tobaldi, Russell Binions, Paula M.L. Castro, Robert C. Pullar. A sustainable replacement for TiO2 in photocatalyst construction materials: Hydroxyapatite-based photocatalytic additives, made from the valorisation of food wastes of marine origin. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 193 ():115-127.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManfredi Saeli; Clara Piccirillo; David Maria Tobaldi; Russell Binions; Paula M.L. Castro; Robert C. Pullar. 2018. "A sustainable replacement for TiO2 in photocatalyst construction materials: Hydroxyapatite-based photocatalytic additives, made from the valorisation of food wastes of marine origin." Journal of Cleaner Production 193, no. : 115-127.
The application of TiO2 in energy-harvesting materials has been restricted, owing to its relatively large bandgap. In accordance with theoretical predictions of lower bandgap and higher absorbance of visible light in TiO2 nanotube arrays, we demonstrate experimentally that large-area TiO2 nanotube arrays produced either by low-temperature anodization or by two-step anodization on electropolished Ti exhibit a narrowed bandgap; reducing the bandgap from 3.2 to 2.92 eV in an amorphous (as-anodized) state and to 2.84 eV in the anatase (annealed) phase. The bandgap energy of oxide nanotubes was measured by calculating Tauc plots, according to the diffuse reflectance spectra. Furthermore, the band structure of the TiO2 nanotube arrays measured by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy revealed similar bandgap narrowing evidence. This bandgap narrowing behavior can be attributed to either surface edge states, owing to the incorporation of oxygen atoms on the high surface area of the nanotubes, or the formation of Ti3+ defect states form nonbonding states within the bandgap below the Fermi-level edge. Annealing the tubes further reduced the energy bandgap, owing to the formation of anatase crystalline phase.
Farzad Nasirpouri; Student Ms Naeimeh-Sadat Peighambardoust; Alexander Samardak; Alexey Ognev; Vladimir Korochentsev; Ivan Osmushko; Russell Binions. Structural Defect-Induced Bandgap Narrowing in Dopant-Free Anodic TiO2 Nanotubes. ChemElectroChem 2017, 4, 1227 -1235.
AMA StyleFarzad Nasirpouri, Student Ms Naeimeh-Sadat Peighambardoust, Alexander Samardak, Alexey Ognev, Vladimir Korochentsev, Ivan Osmushko, Russell Binions. Structural Defect-Induced Bandgap Narrowing in Dopant-Free Anodic TiO2 Nanotubes. ChemElectroChem. 2017; 4 (5):1227-1235.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarzad Nasirpouri; Student Ms Naeimeh-Sadat Peighambardoust; Alexander Samardak; Alexey Ognev; Vladimir Korochentsev; Ivan Osmushko; Russell Binions. 2017. "Structural Defect-Induced Bandgap Narrowing in Dopant-Free Anodic TiO2 Nanotubes." ChemElectroChem 4, no. 5: 1227-1235.
Thermochromic vanadium dioxide thin films were deposited from the electric field assisted atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition reaction of vanadyl acetylacetonate and 2%O2/98%N2 at temperatures between 350 and 530 °C on to fluorine doped tin oxide coated glass substrates. A potential difference was applied between the top plate and substrate during the deposition to generate an electric field with a positive bias applied to the substrate. The films produced were analysed and characterised by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy Raman spectroscopy, contact angle and variable temperature UV/Visible spectroscopy. It was found that the presence of an electric field during deposition could lead to a marked change in the microstructure particularly a reduced crystallite size and a reduced thermochromic transition temperature. The optical data collected in this study is used in building energy demand simulation to predict the potential energy savings achievable by using these novel thin films compared to standard industrial products, for locations with different climates. The results suggest that such glazing can have a significant energy saving effect compared to current approaches across a wide range of climate types.
Michael E.A. Warwick; Ian Ridley; Russell Binions. Thermochromic vanadium dioxide thin films prepared by electric field assisted atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition for intelligent glazing application and their energy demand reduction properties. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2016, 157, 686 -694.
AMA StyleMichael E.A. Warwick, Ian Ridley, Russell Binions. Thermochromic vanadium dioxide thin films prepared by electric field assisted atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition for intelligent glazing application and their energy demand reduction properties. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 2016; 157 ():686-694.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael E.A. Warwick; Ian Ridley; Russell Binions. 2016. "Thermochromic vanadium dioxide thin films prepared by electric field assisted atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition for intelligent glazing application and their energy demand reduction properties." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 157, no. : 686-694.
Functional thin films provide many opportunities for advanced glazing systems. This can be achieved by adding additional functionalities such as self-cleaning or power generation, or alternately by providing energy demand reduction through the management or modulation of solar heat gain or blackbody radiation using spectrally selective films or chromogenic materials. Self-cleaning materials have been generating increasing interest for the past two decades. They may be based on hydrophobic or hydrophilic systems and are often inspired by nature, for example hydrophobic systems based on mimicking the lotus leaf. These materials help to maintain the aesthetic properties of the building, help to maintain a comfortable working environment and in the case of photocatalytic materials, may provide external pollutant remediation. Power generation through window coatings is a relatively new idea and is based around the use of semi-transparent solar cells as windows. In this fashion, energy can be generated whilst also absorbing some solar heat. There is also the possibility, in the case of dye sensitized solar cells, to tune the coloration of the window that provides unheralded external aesthetic possibilities. Materials and coatings for energy demand reduction is highly desirable in an increasingly energy intensive world. We discuss new developments with low emissivity coatings as the need to replace scarce indium becomes more apparent. We go on to discuss thermochromic systems based on vanadium dioxide films. Such systems are dynamic in nature and present a more sophisticated and potentially more beneficial approach to reducing energy demand than static systems such as low emissivity and solar control coatings. The ability to be able to tune some of the material parameters in order to optimize the film performance for a given climate provides exciting opportunities for future technologies. In this article, we review recent progress and challenges in these areas and provide a perspective for future trends and developments.
Ann-Louise Anderson; Shuqun Chen; Luz Romero; Işıl Top; Russell Binions. Thin Films for Advanced Glazing Applications. Buildings 2016, 6, 37 .
AMA StyleAnn-Louise Anderson, Shuqun Chen, Luz Romero, Işıl Top, Russell Binions. Thin Films for Advanced Glazing Applications. Buildings. 2016; 6 (3):37.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnn-Louise Anderson; Shuqun Chen; Luz Romero; Işıl Top; Russell Binions. 2016. "Thin Films for Advanced Glazing Applications." Buildings 6, no. 3: 37.
Due to increasing pressure to reduce the energy demand in buildings, thermochromic thin film based glazing has become a recognized potential solution due to the intrinsic ability to modulate the solar heat gain of a window as a function of the materials temperature. These “intelligent” glazings have been investigated for several years, and it has been found that, through variation of synthetic route, the thermochromic properties (transition temperature, hysteresis gradient and width) can be altered; however, less attention has been applied to how such alterations affect the overall energy savings attributed to the materials. In this study the building simulation software EnergyPlus TM has been used to model a series of idealized thermochromic spectra in a series of different environments to evaluate their energy saving potential against both clear glass systems and industry standards. The idealized spectra are used to see what effect each of the materials thermochromic properties and therefore elucidate which are the most important with respect to the energy saving properties. It was found that the best thermochromic materials were those with a narrow sharp hysteresis and a low transition temperature and result in an increase in energy saving between 30%–45% across the different environments compared to clear glass systems.
Michael E. A. Warwick; Ian Ridley; Russell Binions. Variation of Thermochromic Glazing Systems Transition Temperature, Hysteresis Gradient and Width Effect on Energy Efficiency. Buildings 2016, 6, 22 .
AMA StyleMichael E. A. Warwick, Ian Ridley, Russell Binions. Variation of Thermochromic Glazing Systems Transition Temperature, Hysteresis Gradient and Width Effect on Energy Efficiency. Buildings. 2016; 6 (2):22.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael E. A. Warwick; Ian Ridley; Russell Binions. 2016. "Variation of Thermochromic Glazing Systems Transition Temperature, Hysteresis Gradient and Width Effect on Energy Efficiency." Buildings 6, no. 2: 22.
A composite metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensor array based on tin dioxide (SNO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) has been fabricated using a straight forward mechanical mixing method. The array was characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The array was evaluated against a number of environmentally important reducing and oxidizing gases across a range of operating temperatures (300–500 °C). The highest response achieved was against 100 ppm ethanol by the 50 wt% ZnO–50 wt% SnO2 device, which exhibited a response of 109.1, a 4.5-fold increase with respect to the pure SnO2 counterpart (which displayed a response of 24.4) and a 12.3-fold enhancement with respect to the pure ZnO counterpart (which was associated with a response of 8.9), towards the same concentration of the analyte. Cross sensitivity studies were also carried out against a variety of reducing gases at an operating temperature of 300 °C. The sensors array showed selectivity towards ethanol. The enhanced behaviour of the mixed oxide materials was influenced by junction effects, composition, the packing structure and the device microstructure. The results show that it is possible to tune the sensitivity and selectivity of a composite sensor, through a simple change in the composition of the composite.
Anupriya Naik; Ivan Parkin; Russell Binions. Gas Sensing Studies of an n-n Hetero-Junction Array Based on SnO2 and ZnO Composites. Chemosensors 2016, 4, 3 .
AMA StyleAnupriya Naik, Ivan Parkin, Russell Binions. Gas Sensing Studies of an n-n Hetero-Junction Array Based on SnO2 and ZnO Composites. Chemosensors. 2016; 4 (1):3.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnupriya Naik; Ivan Parkin; Russell Binions. 2016. "Gas Sensing Studies of an n-n Hetero-Junction Array Based on SnO2 and ZnO Composites." Chemosensors 4, no. 1: 3.
Aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition has been used to fabricate transparent conductive ZnO thin films with highly hexagonal, textured surfaces and ultra high haze on silica glass substrates.
Shuqun Chen; Martyn McLachlan; Andrei Sapelkin; Russell Binions. Aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition of transparent conductive ZnO thin films with hexagonal microplate surfaces and ultrahigh haze values. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2015, 3, 22311 -22315.
AMA StyleShuqun Chen, Martyn McLachlan, Andrei Sapelkin, Russell Binions. Aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition of transparent conductive ZnO thin films with hexagonal microplate surfaces and ultrahigh haze values. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 2015; 3 (44):22311-22315.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuqun Chen; Martyn McLachlan; Andrei Sapelkin; Russell Binions. 2015. "Aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition of transparent conductive ZnO thin films with hexagonal microplate surfaces and ultrahigh haze values." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 44: 22311-22315.
AACVD ZnO film growth as a function of doping concentration.
Shuqun Chen; Giorgio Carraro; Davide Barreca; Andrei Sapelkin; Wenzhi Chen; Xuan Huang; Qijin Cheng; Fengyan Zhang; Russell Binions. Aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition of Ga-doped ZnO films for energy efficient glazing: effects of doping concentration on the film growth behaviour and opto-electronic properties. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2015, 3, 13039 -13049.
AMA StyleShuqun Chen, Giorgio Carraro, Davide Barreca, Andrei Sapelkin, Wenzhi Chen, Xuan Huang, Qijin Cheng, Fengyan Zhang, Russell Binions. Aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition of Ga-doped ZnO films for energy efficient glazing: effects of doping concentration on the film growth behaviour and opto-electronic properties. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 2015; 3 (24):13039-13049.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuqun Chen; Giorgio Carraro; Davide Barreca; Andrei Sapelkin; Wenzhi Chen; Xuan Huang; Qijin Cheng; Fengyan Zhang; Russell Binions. 2015. "Aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition of Ga-doped ZnO films for energy efficient glazing: effects of doping concentration on the film growth behaviour and opto-electronic properties." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 24: 13039-13049.
Highly surface-textured ZnO thin films are fabricated by aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition.
Shuqun Chen; Rory M. Wilson; Russell Binions. Synthesis of highly surface-textured ZnO thin films by aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2015, 3, 5794 -5797.
AMA StyleShuqun Chen, Rory M. Wilson, Russell Binions. Synthesis of highly surface-textured ZnO thin films by aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 2015; 3 (11):5794-5797.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuqun Chen; Rory M. Wilson; Russell Binions. 2015. "Synthesis of highly surface-textured ZnO thin films by aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 11: 5794-5797.
Thin films of anatase titanium dioxide are deposited on fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates utilizing the electric field‐assisted aerosol (EA)CVD reaction of titanium isopropoxide in toluene at 450 °C. The as‐deposited films are characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), and UV‐vis spectroscopy. The photoactivity and antibacterial activity of the films are also assessed. The characterization analysis reveals that the use of an electric field affects the film microstructure, its preferential orientation, and the functional properties. XRD of the anatase films reveals that the application of electric fields causes a change in the preferential orientation of the films from (101) to (004) or (211) planes, depending on the strength of the applied field during the deposition.
Luz Romero; Clara Piccirillo; Paula M. L. Castro; Christopher Bowman; Michael Warwick; Russell Binions. Titanium Dioxide Thin Films Deposited by Electric Field-Assisted CVD: Effect on Antimicrobial and Photocatalytic Properties **. Chemical Vapor Deposition 2015, 21, 63 -70.
AMA StyleLuz Romero, Clara Piccirillo, Paula M. L. Castro, Christopher Bowman, Michael Warwick, Russell Binions. Titanium Dioxide Thin Films Deposited by Electric Field-Assisted CVD: Effect on Antimicrobial and Photocatalytic Properties **. Chemical Vapor Deposition. 2015; 21 (1):63-70.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuz Romero; Clara Piccirillo; Paula M. L. Castro; Christopher Bowman; Michael Warwick; Russell Binions. 2015. "Titanium Dioxide Thin Films Deposited by Electric Field-Assisted CVD: Effect on Antimicrobial and Photocatalytic Properties **." Chemical Vapor Deposition 21, no. 1: 63-70.
Titanium dioxide thin films were deposited using a Tween® surfactant modified non-aqueous sol-gel method onto fluorine doped tin oxide glass substrates. The surfactant concentration and type in the sols was varied as well as the number of deposited layers. The as deposited thin films were annealed at 500 °C for 15 min before characterisation and photocatalytic testing with resazurin intelligent ink. The films were characterised using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Photocatalytic activity of the films was evaluated using a resazurin dye-ink test and the hydrophilicity of the films was analysed by water-contact angles measurements. Characterisation and photocatalytic testing has shown that the addition of surfactant in varying types and concentrations had a significant effect on the resulting thin film microstructure, such as changing the average particle size from 130 to 25 nm, and increasing the average root mean square roughness from 11 to 350 nm. Such structural changes have resulted in an enhanced photocatalytic performance for the thin films, with an observed reduction in dye half-life from 16.5 to three minutes.
Ann-Louise Anderson; Russell Binions. The Effect of Tween® Surfactants in Sol-Gel Processing for the Production of TiO2 Thin Films. Coatings 2014, 4, 796 -809.
AMA StyleAnn-Louise Anderson, Russell Binions. The Effect of Tween® Surfactants in Sol-Gel Processing for the Production of TiO2 Thin Films. Coatings. 2014; 4 (4):796-809.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnn-Louise Anderson; Russell Binions. 2014. "The Effect of Tween® Surfactants in Sol-Gel Processing for the Production of TiO2 Thin Films." Coatings 4, no. 4: 796-809.
Titanium dioxide thin films were deposited on fluorine doped tin oxide glass substrate from the electric field assisted aerosol chemical vapor deposition (EACVD) reaction of titanium isopropoxide (TTIP, Ti(OC3H7)4) in toluene on glass substrates at a temperature of 450 °C. DC electric fields were generated by applying a potential difference between the electrodes of the transparent coated oxide coated glass substrates during the deposition. The deposited films were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The photoactivity and hydrophilicity of the deposited films were also analyzed using a dye-ink test and water-contact angle measurements. The characterization work revealed that the incorporation of DC electric fields produced significant reproducible changes in the film microstructure, preferred crystallographic orientation, roughness, and film thickness. Photocatalytic activity was calculated from the half-time (t1/2) or time taken to degrade 50% of the initial resazurin dye concentration. A large improvement in photocatalytic activity was observed for films deposited using an electric field with a strong orientation in the (004) direction (t1/2 17 min) as compared to a film deposited with no electric field (t1/2 40 min).
Luz Romero; Russell Binions. On the Influence of DC Electric Fields on the Aerosol Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Photoactive Titanium Dioxide Thin Films. Langmuir 2013, 29, 13542 -13550.
AMA StyleLuz Romero, Russell Binions. On the Influence of DC Electric Fields on the Aerosol Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Photoactive Titanium Dioxide Thin Films. Langmuir. 2013; 29 (44):13542-13550.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuz Romero; Russell Binions. 2013. "On the Influence of DC Electric Fields on the Aerosol Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Photoactive Titanium Dioxide Thin Films." Langmuir 29, no. 44: 13542-13550.
Nanostructured thin films of tungsten, vanadium and titanium oxides were deposited on gas sensor substrates from the electric field assisted chemical vapour deposition reaction of tungsten hexaphenoxide, vanadyl acetylacetonate and titanium tetraisopropoxide respectively. The electric fields were generated by applying a potential difference between the inter-digitated electrodes of the gas sensor substrates during the deposition. The deposited films were characterised using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The application of an electric field, encouraged the formation of interesting and unusual nanostructured morphologies, with a change in scale length and island packing. It was also noted that crystallographic orientation of the films could be controlled as a function of electric field type and strength. The gas sensor properties of the films were also examined; it was found that a two to three fold enhancement in the gas response could be observed from sensors with enhanced morphologies compared to control sensors grown without application of an electric field.
Anupriya J.T. Naik; Christopher Bowman; Naitik Panjwani; Michael E.A. Warwick; Russell Binions. Electric field assisted aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition of nanostructured metal oxide thin films. Thin Solid Films 2013, 544, 452 -456.
AMA StyleAnupriya J.T. Naik, Christopher Bowman, Naitik Panjwani, Michael E.A. Warwick, Russell Binions. Electric field assisted aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition of nanostructured metal oxide thin films. Thin Solid Films. 2013; 544 ():452-456.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnupriya J.T. Naik; Christopher Bowman; Naitik Panjwani; Michael E.A. Warwick; Russell Binions. 2013. "Electric field assisted aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition of nanostructured metal oxide thin films." Thin Solid Films 544, no. : 452-456.
Luz Romero; Russell Binions. Effect of AC electric fields on the aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition growth of titanium dioxide thin films. Surface and Coatings Technology 2013, 230, 196 -201.
AMA StyleLuz Romero, Russell Binions. Effect of AC electric fields on the aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition growth of titanium dioxide thin films. Surface and Coatings Technology. 2013; 230 ():196-201.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuz Romero; Russell Binions. 2013. "Effect of AC electric fields on the aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition growth of titanium dioxide thin films." Surface and Coatings Technology 230, no. : 196-201.
Continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis of crystalline ZnO nanorods and prisms is reported via a new pilot-scale continuous hydrothermal reactor (at nominal production rates of up to 1.2 g/h). Different size and shape particles of ZnO (wurtsite structure) were obtained via altering reaction conditions such as the concentration of either additive H2O2 or metal salt. Selected ZnO samples (used as prepared) were evaluated as solid oxide gas sensors, showing excellent sensitivity toward NO2 gas. It was found that both the working temperature and gas concentration significantly affected the NO2 gas response at concentrations as low as 1 ppm.
Liang Shi; Anupriya J. T. Naik; Josephine B. M. Goodall; Chris Tighe; Rob Gruar; Russell Binions; Ivan Parkin; Jawwad Darr. Highly Sensitive ZnO Nanorod- and Nanoprism-Based NO2 Gas Sensors: Size and Shape Control Using a Continuous Hydrothermal Pilot Plant. Langmuir 2013, 29, 10603 -10609.
AMA StyleLiang Shi, Anupriya J. T. Naik, Josephine B. M. Goodall, Chris Tighe, Rob Gruar, Russell Binions, Ivan Parkin, Jawwad Darr. Highly Sensitive ZnO Nanorod- and Nanoprism-Based NO2 Gas Sensors: Size and Shape Control Using a Continuous Hydrothermal Pilot Plant. Langmuir. 2013; 29 (33):10603-10609.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiang Shi; Anupriya J. T. Naik; Josephine B. M. Goodall; Chris Tighe; Rob Gruar; Russell Binions; Ivan Parkin; Jawwad Darr. 2013. "Highly Sensitive ZnO Nanorod- and Nanoprism-Based NO2 Gas Sensors: Size and Shape Control Using a Continuous Hydrothermal Pilot Plant." Langmuir 29, no. 33: 10603-10609.
Using linear support vector machines, we investigated the feature selection problem for the application of all-against-all classification of a set of 20 chemicals using two types of sensors, classical doped tin oxide and zeolite-coated chromium titanium oxide sensors. We defined a simple set of possible features, namely the identity of the sensors and the sampling times and tested all possible combinations of such features in a wrapper approach. We confirmed that performance is improved, relative to previous results using this data set, by exhaustive comparison of these feature sets. Using the maximal number of different sensors and all available data points for each sensor does not necessarily yield the best results, even for the large number of classes in this problem. We contrast this analysis, using exhaustive screening of simple feature sets, with a number of more complex feature choices and find that subsampled sets of simple features can perform better. Analysis of potential predictors of classification performance revealed some relevance of clustering properties of the data and of correlations among sensor responses but failed to identify a single measure to predict classification success, reinforcing the relevance of the wrapper approach used. Comparison of the two sensor technologies showed that, in isolation, the doped tin oxide sensors performed better than the zeolite-coated chromium titanium oxide sensors but that mixed arrays, combining both technologies, performed best.
Thomas Nowotny; Amalia Z. Berna; Russell Binions; Stephen Trowell. Optimal feature selection for classifying a large set of chemicals using metal oxide sensors. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 2013, 187, 471 -480.
AMA StyleThomas Nowotny, Amalia Z. Berna, Russell Binions, Stephen Trowell. Optimal feature selection for classifying a large set of chemicals using metal oxide sensors. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 2013; 187 ():471-480.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThomas Nowotny; Amalia Z. Berna; Russell Binions; Stephen Trowell. 2013. "Optimal feature selection for classifying a large set of chemicals using metal oxide sensors." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 187, no. : 471-480.
Thermochromic glazing theoretically has the potential to lead to a large reduction in energy demand in modern buildings by allowing the transmission of visible light for day lighting whilst reducing unwanted solar gain during the cooling season, but allowing useful solar gain in the heating season. In this study building simulation is used to examine the effect of the thermochromic transition hysteresis width on the energy demand characteristics of a model system in a variety of climates. The results are also compared against current industry standard glazing products. The results suggest that in a warm climate with a low transition temperature and hysteresis width energy demand can be reduced by up to 54% compared to standard double glazing.
Michael Warwick; Ian Ridley; Russell Binions. The Effect of Transition Hysteresis Width in Thermochromic Glazing Systems. Open Journal of Energy Efficiency 2013, 02, 75 -88.
AMA StyleMichael Warwick, Ian Ridley, Russell Binions. The Effect of Transition Hysteresis Width in Thermochromic Glazing Systems. Open Journal of Energy Efficiency. 2013; 02 (02):75-88.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Warwick; Ian Ridley; Russell Binions. 2013. "The Effect of Transition Hysteresis Width in Thermochromic Glazing Systems." Open Journal of Energy Efficiency 02, no. 02: 75-88.
Darryl Hill; Russell Binions. Breath Analysis for Medical Diagnosis. International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems 2012, 5, 401 -440.
AMA StyleDarryl Hill, Russell Binions. Breath Analysis for Medical Diagnosis. International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems. 2012; 5 (2):401-440.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDarryl Hill; Russell Binions. 2012. "Breath Analysis for Medical Diagnosis." International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems 5, no. 2: 401-440.
Thin films of titanium dioxide are deposited on gas‐sensor substrates at 450 °C from the aerosol‐assisted (AA)CVD of titanium isopropoxide solutions in toluene under the influence of electric fields. Electric fields are generated by applying a potential difference between the inter‐digitated electrodes of the gas‐sensor substrate during the deposition. The deposited films are analyzed and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy (RS). It is found that an increase in electric field strength during deposition causes changes in the film microstructure, preferential orientation, and growth rate. The gas‐sensor properties of the films are also examined. It is found that applying an electric field during the deposition improves the film microstructure and leads to a two‐fold enhancement in the sensing properties of the film.
Naitik Panjawi; Anupriya Naik; Michael Warwick; Geoffrey Hyett; Russell Binions. The Preparation of Titanium Dioxide Gas Sensors by the Electric Field Assisted Aerosol CVD Reaction of Titanium Isopropoxide in Toluene. Chemical Vapor Deposition 2012, 18, 102 -106.
AMA StyleNaitik Panjawi, Anupriya Naik, Michael Warwick, Geoffrey Hyett, Russell Binions. The Preparation of Titanium Dioxide Gas Sensors by the Electric Field Assisted Aerosol CVD Reaction of Titanium Isopropoxide in Toluene. Chemical Vapor Deposition. 2012; 18 (4):102-106.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaitik Panjawi; Anupriya Naik; Michael Warwick; Geoffrey Hyett; Russell Binions. 2012. "The Preparation of Titanium Dioxide Gas Sensors by the Electric Field Assisted Aerosol CVD Reaction of Titanium Isopropoxide in Toluene." Chemical Vapor Deposition 18, no. 4: 102-106.
A rapid, clean, and continuous hydrothermal route to the synthesis of ca. 14 nm indium oxide (In2O3) nanoparticles using a superheated water flow at 400 °C and 24.1 MPa as a crystallizing medium and reagent is described. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the particles revealed that they were highly crystalline despite their very short time under hydrothermal flow conditions. Gas sensing substrates were prepared from an In2O3 suspension via drop-coating, and their gas sensing properties were tested for response to butane, ethanol, CO, ammonia, and NO2 gases. The sensors showed excellent selectivity toward ethanol, giving a response of 18–20 ppm.
Sofia Elouali; Leanne Bloor; Russell Binions; Ivan Parkin; Claire Carmalt; Jawwad A. Darr. Gas Sensing with Nano-Indium Oxides (In2O3) Prepared via Continuous Hydrothermal Flow Synthesis. Langmuir 2012, 28, 1879 -1885.
AMA StyleSofia Elouali, Leanne Bloor, Russell Binions, Ivan Parkin, Claire Carmalt, Jawwad A. Darr. Gas Sensing with Nano-Indium Oxides (In2O3) Prepared via Continuous Hydrothermal Flow Synthesis. Langmuir. 2012; 28 (3):1879-1885.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSofia Elouali; Leanne Bloor; Russell Binions; Ivan Parkin; Claire Carmalt; Jawwad A. Darr. 2012. "Gas Sensing with Nano-Indium Oxides (In2O3) Prepared via Continuous Hydrothermal Flow Synthesis." Langmuir 28, no. 3: 1879-1885.