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Prof. Fernando Alacid
University of Almeria (Spain)

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0 Anthropometry
0 Canoeing
0 Kayaking
0 Sport Biomechanics
0 Maturation

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Maturation

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Journal article
Published: 06 August 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Previous canoe sprint studies evaluated the best paddlers of their categories. This investigation aimed to identify the importance of biological maturation and athletes’ experience in kayaking performance and observe possible differences regarding anthropometry, years of practice, and performance. Eighty under 14 years of age (U14) and fifty under 16 years of age (U16) kayakers aged 13.40 ± 0.54 and 15.25 ± 0.61 years were evaluated. Kayakers were assessed for anthropometry (body mass (kg); stretch stature (cm); and sitting height (cm)), performance (time at 3000 m for U14 and 5000 m for U16 kayakers), and somatic maturation (predicted adult height (PAH) and maturity offset). In the U14 kayakers, years of practice, sitting height, and maturity offset showed significant differences (p< 0.05) between the Top10 and Middle, and Middle and Bottom10 performance times. Significantly higher (p< 0.05) sitting heights were identified between the Top10 and Middle U16 kayakers. Significant differences (p< 0.05) were observed for maturity offset and PAH% between the Top10 and Middle groups compared to the Bottom10 group. In conclusion, this research shows differences in the maturity status of young U14 and U16 kayakers, identifying that the more biologically mature individuals, with more years of specific practice, achieved better performances.

ACS Style

Rui Fernandes; Daniel López-Plaza; Lorena Correas-Gómez; Beatriz Gomes; Fernando Alacid. The Importance of Biological Maturation and Years of Practice in Kayaking Performance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 8322 .

AMA Style

Rui Fernandes, Daniel López-Plaza, Lorena Correas-Gómez, Beatriz Gomes, Fernando Alacid. The Importance of Biological Maturation and Years of Practice in Kayaking Performance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (16):8322.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rui Fernandes; Daniel López-Plaza; Lorena Correas-Gómez; Beatriz Gomes; Fernando Alacid. 2021. "The Importance of Biological Maturation and Years of Practice in Kayaking Performance." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16: 8322.

Sports performance
Published: 20 June 2021 in Journal of Sports Sciences
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The resting metabolic rate (RMR) is one of the most representative components of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE). Multiple equations have been developed to estimate RMR, but none have been described for Para-Athletes. This study aimed to; i) develop and validate new RMR estimation models from anthropometric variables; and ii) explore the level of agreement between the RMR determined by indirect calorimetry (IC) and the developed models, as well as a selection of existent estimation models in Para-Athletes. Fifteen young Paralympic swimmers (age, 18.7±6.5 years) underwent assessments of RMR by IC and anthropometric batteries. Four RMR estimation models (M1-M4) were developed. The anthropometric variables which explained most of the variance were biacromial breadth (M3-37%), stature (M1-45%; M2-49%), and estimated stature from half arm span (M4-24%). However, the neck girth corrected by the submandibular skinfold entered in all four models. The 95% limits of agreement between IC and M3 equation (best performance model) ranged from -142.02 to 172.39 kcal×day−1 (bias 15.19 kcal×day−1). Concerning the commonly used equations, Harris & Benedict equation was the most consistent when compared to IC. The results of this study suggest four novel RMR equations that may assist in the estimation of energy requirements in elite Para-Athletes.

ACS Style

Carlos Abraham Herrera-Amante; César Octavio Ramos-García; Fernando Alacid; Luis Aaron Quiroga-Morales; Adrián Jacob Martínez-Rubio; Diego A. Bonilla. Development of alternatives to estimate resting metabolic rate from anthropometric variables in paralympic swimmers. Journal of Sports Sciences 2021, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Carlos Abraham Herrera-Amante, César Octavio Ramos-García, Fernando Alacid, Luis Aaron Quiroga-Morales, Adrián Jacob Martínez-Rubio, Diego A. Bonilla. Development of alternatives to estimate resting metabolic rate from anthropometric variables in paralympic swimmers. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2021; ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Abraham Herrera-Amante; César Octavio Ramos-García; Fernando Alacid; Luis Aaron Quiroga-Morales; Adrián Jacob Martínez-Rubio; Diego A. Bonilla. 2021. "Development of alternatives to estimate resting metabolic rate from anthropometric variables in paralympic swimmers." Journal of Sports Sciences , no. : 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 31 May 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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(1) Background: Research on heart rate variability has increased in recent years and the temperature has not been controlled in some studies assessing repeated measurements. This study aimed to analyze how heart rate variability may change based on environmental temperature during measurement depending on parasympathetic and sympathetic activity variations. (2) Methods: A total of 22 volunteers participated in this study divided into an experimental (n = 12) and control group (n = 10). Each participant was assessed randomly under two different environmental conditions for the experimental group (19 °C and 35 °C) and two identical environmental conditions for the control group (19 °C). During the procedure, heart rate variability measurements were carried out for 10 min. (3) Results: Significantly changes were observed for time and frequency domains as well as Poincaré plot variables after heat exposure (p < 0.05). These findings were not observed in the control group, whose conditions between measurements did not change. (4) Conclusions: The reduction of heart rate variability due to exposure to hot conditions appears to be produced mostly by a parasympathetic withdrawal rather than a sympathetic activation. Therefore, if consecutive measurements have to be carried out, these should always be done under the same temperature conditions.

ACS Style

Oriol Abellán-Aynés; Pedro Manonelles; Fernando Alacid. Cardiac Parasympathetic Withdrawal and Sympathetic Activity: Effect of Heat Exposure on Heart Rate Variability. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 5934 .

AMA Style

Oriol Abellán-Aynés, Pedro Manonelles, Fernando Alacid. Cardiac Parasympathetic Withdrawal and Sympathetic Activity: Effect of Heat Exposure on Heart Rate Variability. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (11):5934.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oriol Abellán-Aynés; Pedro Manonelles; Fernando Alacid. 2021. "Cardiac Parasympathetic Withdrawal and Sympathetic Activity: Effect of Heat Exposure on Heart Rate Variability." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11: 5934.

Review
Published: 06 April 2021 in Applied Sciences
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L-Arginine (Arg) has been widely used due to its functional properties as a substrate for nitric oxide (NO) generation. However, L-citrulline (CIT), whose main natural source is watermelon, is a non-essential amino acid but which has important health potential. This review provides a comprehensive approach to different studies of the endogenous synthesis of CIT, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics as well as its ergogenic effect in exercise performance. The novel aspect of this paper focuses on the different effects of CIT, citrulline malate and CIT from natural sources such as watermelon on several topics, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, erectile dysfunction, cancer, and exercise performance. CIT from watermelon could be a natural food-sourced substitute for pharmacological products and therefore the consumption of this fruit is promoted.

ACS Style

Encarna Aguayo; Ascensión Martínez-Sánchez; Bárbara Fernández-Lobato; Fernando Alacid. L-Citrulline: A Non-Essential Amino Acid with Important Roles in Human Health. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 3293 .

AMA Style

Encarna Aguayo, Ascensión Martínez-Sánchez, Bárbara Fernández-Lobato, Fernando Alacid. L-Citrulline: A Non-Essential Amino Acid with Important Roles in Human Health. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (7):3293.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Encarna Aguayo; Ascensión Martínez-Sánchez; Bárbara Fernández-Lobato; Fernando Alacid. 2021. "L-Citrulline: A Non-Essential Amino Acid with Important Roles in Human Health." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7: 3293.

Review
Published: 09 November 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Physiological variables such as maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), velocity at maximal oxygen uptake (vVO2max), running economy (RE) and changes in lactate levels are considered the main factors determining performance in long-distance races. The aim of this review was to present the mathematical models available in the literature to estimate performance in the 5000 m, 10,000 m, half-marathon and marathon events. Eighty-eight articles were identified, selections were made based on the inclusion criteria and the full text of the articles were obtained. The articles were reviewed and categorized according to demographic, anthropometric, exercise physiology and field test variables were also included by athletic specialty. A total of 58 studies were included, from 1983 to the present, distributed in the following categories: 12 in the 5000 m, 13 in the 10,000 m, 12 in the half-marathon and 21 in the marathon. A total of 136 independent variables associated with performance in long-distance races were considered, 43.4% of which pertained to variables derived from the evaluation of aerobic metabolism, 26.5% to variables associated with training load and 20.6% to anthropometric variables, body composition and somatotype components. The most closely associated variables in the prediction models for the half and full marathon specialties were the variables obtained from the laboratory tests (VO2max, vVO2max), training variables (training pace, training load) and anthropometric variables (fat mass, skinfolds). A large gap exists in predicting time in long-distance races, based on field tests. Physiological effort assessments are almost exclusive to shorter specialties (5000 m and 10,000 m). The predictor variables of the half-marathon are mainly anthropometric, but with moderate coefficients of determination. The variables of note in the marathon category are fundamentally those associated with training and those derived from physiological evaluation and anthropometric parameters.

ACS Style

José Ramón Alvero-Cruz; Elvis A. Carnero; Manuel Avelino Giráldez García; Fernando Alacid; Lorena Correas-Gómez; Thomas Rosemann; Pantelis T. Nikolaidis; Beat Knechtle. Predictive Performance Models in Long-Distance Runners: A Narrative Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 8289 .

AMA Style

José Ramón Alvero-Cruz, Elvis A. Carnero, Manuel Avelino Giráldez García, Fernando Alacid, Lorena Correas-Gómez, Thomas Rosemann, Pantelis T. Nikolaidis, Beat Knechtle. Predictive Performance Models in Long-Distance Runners: A Narrative Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (21):8289.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Ramón Alvero-Cruz; Elvis A. Carnero; Manuel Avelino Giráldez García; Fernando Alacid; Lorena Correas-Gómez; Thomas Rosemann; Pantelis T. Nikolaidis; Beat Knechtle. 2020. "Predictive Performance Models in Long-Distance Runners: A Narrative Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21: 8289.

Journal article
Published: 17 June 2020 in Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology
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Purpose: The main aim of this paper is to study the influence of temperature on multiscale entropy (MSE) and multiscale time irreversibility (MTI) through the use of short-term measurements. Methods: A total of 12 physically active, healthy, and nonsmoker individuals ([Formula: see text] years old; [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm of height; and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kg of body mass) voluntarily participated in this study. Two beat-to-beat recordings of 15[Formula: see text]min length were performed on every participant, one under hot conditions ([Formula: see text]C) and the other assessment under cool conditions ([Formula: see text]C). The order of these two assessments was randomly assigned. Multiscale sample entropy and MTI were assessed in every measurement through 10 scales. Results: Entropy was significantly higher under hot conditions ([Formula: see text]) from the fifth scale compared to cool conditions. On the contrary, MTI values were significantly lower under hotter conditions ([Formula: see text]). Conclusions: The study of MSE and time irreversibility of short RR measurements presents consistent and reliable data. Moreover, exposures to hot conditions provoke an increment of interbeat complexity throughout larger scales and a decrease in the MTI in a healthy population.

ACS Style

Oriol Abellán-Aynés; José Naranjo Orellana; Pedro Manonelles; Fernando Alacid. MULTISCALE ENTROPY AND MULTISCALE TIME IRREVERSIBILITY ANALYSIS OF RR TIME SERIES DEPENDING ON AMBIENT TEMPERATURE. Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 2020, 20, 1 .

AMA Style

Oriol Abellán-Aynés, José Naranjo Orellana, Pedro Manonelles, Fernando Alacid. MULTISCALE ENTROPY AND MULTISCALE TIME IRREVERSIBILITY ANALYSIS OF RR TIME SERIES DEPENDING ON AMBIENT TEMPERATURE. Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology. 2020; 20 (5):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oriol Abellán-Aynés; José Naranjo Orellana; Pedro Manonelles; Fernando Alacid. 2020. "MULTISCALE ENTROPY AND MULTISCALE TIME IRREVERSIBILITY ANALYSIS OF RR TIME SERIES DEPENDING ON AMBIENT TEMPERATURE." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 20, no. 5: 1.

Review
Published: 15 January 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Celiac disease (CD) is an immunological disorder that mainly affects the small intestine, generating an inflammatory process in response to the presence of gluten (a protein). Autoimmune diseases are part of a group of diseases that are difficult to diagnose without a specific protocol or consensus to detect them due to the number of symptoms and diseases with which it has a relationship. Therefore, the aim of this review was to analyze the diagnostic tools of CD used in middle-aged women, to compare the use and effectiveness of the different tools, and to propose a strategy for the use of the tools based on the results found in the literature. The present research followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. The search was conducted in the following databases: Scielo, PubMed, Web of Science, and Worldwide Science org. In the initial literature search, 2004 titles and relevant abstracts were found. Among them, 687 were duplicates, leaving 1130 articles. Based on the inclusion criteria, only 41 articles passed the selection process; 4 main types of analyses appear in the studies: blood tests, questionnaires, clinical history, and biopsy. It can be said that none of the analyses have a 100% reliability since most of them can present false negatives; therefore, the best way to diagnose celiac disease up to now is through a combination of different tests (Immunoglobulin A and small intestinal biopsy).

ACS Style

Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez; Daniela Alejandra Loaiza-Martínez; Javier Sánchez-Sánchez; Pablo J. Marcos-Pardo; Soledad Prats; Fernando Alacid; Jacobo A. Rubio-Arias. Tools Used to Measure the Physical State of Women with Celiac Disease: A Review with a Systematic Approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 539 .

AMA Style

Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez, Daniela Alejandra Loaiza-Martínez, Javier Sánchez-Sánchez, Pablo J. Marcos-Pardo, Soledad Prats, Fernando Alacid, Jacobo A. Rubio-Arias. Tools Used to Measure the Physical State of Women with Celiac Disease: A Review with a Systematic Approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (2):539.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez; Daniela Alejandra Loaiza-Martínez; Javier Sánchez-Sánchez; Pablo J. Marcos-Pardo; Soledad Prats; Fernando Alacid; Jacobo A. Rubio-Arias. 2020. "Tools Used to Measure the Physical State of Women with Celiac Disease: A Review with a Systematic Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2: 539.

English abstract
Published: 01 January 2020 in Nutrición Hospitalaria
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The systematic practice of physical exercise may influence the perception and distortion of body image in adult women. to analyze the evolution of body image perception and distortion in adult women who performed a systematic practice of mat Pilates (PM) or Pilates with apparatus (PA). a total of 35 adult women participated in a PM (n = 19) or PA (n = 26) program for 16 weeks, two days a week. Body image was assessed before and after the interventions using the Eating Behavior Inventory 3 (EBI-3), Gardner's body image assessment scale, and Thompson and Gray's silhouette scale questionnaires. the PM group showed a significant reduction in dissatisfaction with buttocks, dissatisfaction with body image, perceived image, distortion index, dissatisfaction index, perceived mental image, perceived affective image, cognitive dissatisfaction index, and affective dissatisfaction index (p < 0.05; ES: 0.26-0.80). As compared to the PA group, a significant reduction was shown in dissatisfaction with thighs, dissatisfaction with hips, dissatisfaction with body image, dissatisfaction index, cognitive dissatisfaction index, and affective dissatisfaction index (p < 0.05; 0.22-0.79). the systematic practice of PM or PA improves body image for adult women, reducing their body dissatisfaction.

ACS Style

Noelia González-Gálvez; Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal; Pedro Ángel López-Miñarro; Fernando Alacid; Francisco Esparza-Ros. Evolution of body image perception and distorsion with mat and apparatus Pilates practice in adult women. Nutrición Hospitalaria 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Noelia González-Gálvez, Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal, Pedro Ángel López-Miñarro, Fernando Alacid, Francisco Esparza-Ros. Evolution of body image perception and distorsion with mat and apparatus Pilates practice in adult women. Nutrición Hospitalaria. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noelia González-Gálvez; Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal; Pedro Ángel López-Miñarro; Fernando Alacid; Francisco Esparza-Ros. 2020. "Evolution of body image perception and distorsion with mat and apparatus Pilates practice in adult women." Nutrición Hospitalaria , no. : 1.

Original research article
Published: 05 November 2019 in Frontiers in Physiology
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This study compared the ability to predict performance in half-marathon races through physiological variables obtained in a laboratory test and performance variables obtained in the Cooper field test. Twenty-three participants (age: 41.6 ± 7.6 years, weight: 70.4 ± 8.1 kg, and height: 172.5 ± 6.3 cm) underwent body composition assessment and performed a maximum incremental graded exercise laboratory test to evaluate maximum aerobic power and associated cardiorespiratory and metabolic variables. Cooper’s original protocol was performed on an athletic track and the variables recorded were covered distance, rating of perceived exertion, and maximum heart rate. The week following the Cooper test, all participants completed a half-marathon race at the maximum possible speed. The associations between the laboratory and field tests and the final time of the test were used to select the predictive variables included in a stepwise multiple regression analysis, which used the race time in the half marathon as the dependent variable and the laboratory variables or field tests as independent variables. Subsequently, a concordance analysis was carried out between the estimated and actual times through the Bland-Altman procedure. Significant correlations were found between the time in the half marathon and the distance in the Cooper test (r = −0.93; p < 0.001), body weight (r = 0.40; p < 0.04), velocity at ventilatory threshold 1, (r = −0.72; p < 0.0001), speed reached at maximum oxygen consumption (vVO2max), (r = −0.84; p < 0.0001), oxygen consumption at ventilatory threshold 2 (VO2VT2) (r = −0.79; p < 0.0001), and VO2max (r = −0.64; p < 0.05). The distance covered in the Cooper test was the best predictor of time in the half-marathon, and might predicted by the equation: Race time (min) = 201.26 – 0.03433 (Cooper test in m) (R2 = 0.873, SEE: 3.78 min). In the laboratory model, vVO2max, and body weight presented an R2 = 0.77, SEE 5.28 min. predicted by equation: Race time (min) = 156.7177 – 4.7194 (vVO2max) – 0.3435 (Weight). Concordance analysis showed no differences between the times predicted in the models the and actual times. The data indicated a high predictive power of half marathon race time both from the distance in the Cooper test and vVO2max in the laboratory. However, the variable associated with the Cooper test had better predictive ability than the treadmill test variables. Finally, it is important to note that these data may only be extrapolated to recreational male runners.

ACS Style

José Ramón Alvero-Cruz; Elvis A. Carnero; Manuel Avelino Giráldez García; Fernando Alacid; Thomas Rosemann; Pantelis T. Nikolaidis; Beat Knechtle. Cooper Test Provides Better Half-Marathon Performance Prediction in Recreational Runners Than Laboratory Tests. Frontiers in Physiology 2019, 10, 1349 .

AMA Style

José Ramón Alvero-Cruz, Elvis A. Carnero, Manuel Avelino Giráldez García, Fernando Alacid, Thomas Rosemann, Pantelis T. Nikolaidis, Beat Knechtle. Cooper Test Provides Better Half-Marathon Performance Prediction in Recreational Runners Than Laboratory Tests. Frontiers in Physiology. 2019; 10 ():1349.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Ramón Alvero-Cruz; Elvis A. Carnero; Manuel Avelino Giráldez García; Fernando Alacid; Thomas Rosemann; Pantelis T. Nikolaidis; Beat Knechtle. 2019. "Cooper Test Provides Better Half-Marathon Performance Prediction in Recreational Runners Than Laboratory Tests." Frontiers in Physiology 10, no. : 1349.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2019 in Wilderness & Environmental Medicine
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The aim of this study was to analyze changes in heart rate variability (HRV) during exercise in hot environments and recovery to baseline values depending on relative humidity. Ten recreational runners participated in this study. Each participant performed 2 trials consisting of 30 min of continuous running under hot and dry (HD) (38°C and 28% relative humidity) and hot and humid (HH) conditions (38°C and 64% relative humidity) at their common 10 km race-running rhythm. HRV and body mass were assessed pre- and post-trial; the rating of perceived exertion and HRV were assessed during the trial; and HRV measurements were repeated 2, 4, 8, and 24 h postexercise. Primary HRV outcomes were root mean square of the successive differences, high frequency power, stress score, and sympathetic/parasympathetic ratio. One-way analysis of variance testing was used to analyze differences. No significant difference in body mass occurred across the different conditions or distances covered (P>0.05). Rating of perceived exertion presented the highest correlation values with stress score (r=0.729 for HD; r=0.568 for HH) and sympathetic/parasympathetic ratio (r=0.621 for HD; r=0.519 for HH) during exercise. HRV recovered to baseline values more quickly after exercising under dry conditions (4 h) than under humid conditions (between 8 and 24 h). Stress score and sympathetic/parasympathetic ratio seem to be the best HRV predictors of internal load. Although there are no differences in HRV during recovery at the same time points in both conditions, the recovery is slower after exercise in HH than in HD.

ACS Style

Oriol Abellán-Aynés; Daniel López-Plaza; Fernando Alacid; Jose Naranjo-Orellana; Pedro Manonelles. Recovery of Heart Rate Variability After Exercise Under Hot Conditions: The Effect of Relative Humidity. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 2019, 30, 260 -267.

AMA Style

Oriol Abellán-Aynés, Daniel López-Plaza, Fernando Alacid, Jose Naranjo-Orellana, Pedro Manonelles. Recovery of Heart Rate Variability After Exercise Under Hot Conditions: The Effect of Relative Humidity. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. 2019; 30 (3):260-267.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oriol Abellán-Aynés; Daniel López-Plaza; Fernando Alacid; Jose Naranjo-Orellana; Pedro Manonelles. 2019. "Recovery of Heart Rate Variability After Exercise Under Hot Conditions: The Effect of Relative Humidity." Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 30, no. 3: 260-267.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2019 in Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
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López-Plaza, D, Alacid, F, Rubio, JÁ, López-Miñarro, PÁ, Muyor, JM, and Manonelles, P. Morphological and physical fitness profile of young female sprint kayakers. J Strength Cond Res 33(7): 1963–1970, 2019—Traditionally, physical and anthropometrical profiles of the most successful kayak athletes have been identified in male kayakers. This study attempted to identify the differences in morphology and fitness level of 2 performance-based groups of young elite female paddlers. Eighty-six female kayakers, aged 13.62 ± 0.57 years (mean ± SD), were allocated in 2 groups (Top-10 and Rest) depending on their ranking in the 3 Olympic distances (200, 500, and 1,000 m). All subjects underwent a battery of anthropometrical (heights, mass, girths, and sum of skinfolds), physical fitness (overhead medicine ball throw, countermovement jump, sit-and-reach test, and 20-m multistage shuttle run test), and specific performance assessments (200, 500, and 1,000 m). Best paddlers presented significantly greater anthropometrical values in muscle mass percentage, maturity status, and chronological age (p ≤ 0.05), whereas physical fitness comparison only revealed significant differences in countermovement jump (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, aerobic power and muscle mass percentage seem to be crucial in achieving optimal performances at long (1,000 m) and short duration races (200 and 500 m). These findings confirm the importance of a larger and compact morphology, as well as superior fitness level, for success in female kayakers. The current results not only identify the weak areas on body composition and physical fitness depending on the maturity status but also the development of specific training programs for females.

ACS Style

Daniel López-Plaza; Fernando Alacid; Jacobo Á Rubio-Arias; Pedro Á López-Miñarro; José M Muyor; Pedro Manonelles. Morphological and Physical Fitness Profile of Young Female Sprint Kayakers. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 2019, 33, 1963 -1970.

AMA Style

Daniel López-Plaza, Fernando Alacid, Jacobo Á Rubio-Arias, Pedro Á López-Miñarro, José M Muyor, Pedro Manonelles. Morphological and Physical Fitness Profile of Young Female Sprint Kayakers. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2019; 33 (7):1963-1970.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel López-Plaza; Fernando Alacid; Jacobo Á Rubio-Arias; Pedro Á López-Miñarro; José M Muyor; Pedro Manonelles. 2019. "Morphological and Physical Fitness Profile of Young Female Sprint Kayakers." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 33, no. 7: 1963-1970.

Clinical feature original research
Published: 31 May 2019 in The Physician and Sportsmedicine
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Introduction: There are certain anthropometric attributes common to most high-level paddlers and among the determinants for optimal performance consecution in senior categories. Objective: the present investigation aimed to determine the evolution of morphological characteristics of elite paddlers during adolescence and to compare them with the values exhibited by Olympic competitors. Methods: In a longitudinal study, thirteen young elite paddlers (seven boys and six girls) completed a battery of anthropometric tests (heights, weight, girths, lengths and sum of skinfolds) and on-water performance assessments (200 and 500 meters) during three consecutive years. Results: Body mass and upper body sizes significantly change over the years (p < .05), especially in boys. Both male and female paddlers presented significant differences and large effect sizes in muscle mass and skin mass values (η2p > .64) whereas bone mass and fat mass remained stable from the 1st to the 3rd year. Proportionality analysis revealed girths and breadths differences in arm and chest variables as well as large effect sizes in biacromial breadth among all years (η2p > .62; p < .05), particularly in boys. Similarly, significant improvements in 200-m performance times were observed for both sexes. Conclusions: The findings of the current investigation might suggest a tendency towards a leaner and more robust morphological profile of elite paddlers in the transition from young to senior categories. In addition, the presence of superior relative body dimensions from young categories seems to be paramount in the evolution to later successful paddling.

ACS Style

Daniel López-Plaza; Pedro Manonelles; Pedro Ángel López-Miñarro; José María Muyor; Fernando Alacid. A longitudinal analysis of morphological characteristics and body proportionality in young elite sprint paddlers. The Physician and Sportsmedicine 2019, 47, 479 -486.

AMA Style

Daniel López-Plaza, Pedro Manonelles, Pedro Ángel López-Miñarro, José María Muyor, Fernando Alacid. A longitudinal analysis of morphological characteristics and body proportionality in young elite sprint paddlers. The Physician and Sportsmedicine. 2019; 47 (4):479-486.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel López-Plaza; Pedro Manonelles; Pedro Ángel López-Miñarro; José María Muyor; Fernando Alacid. 2019. "A longitudinal analysis of morphological characteristics and body proportionality in young elite sprint paddlers." The Physician and Sportsmedicine 47, no. 4: 479-486.

Journal article
Published: 21 August 2018 in MHSalud: Revista en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Salud
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El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la adhesión a la dieta mediterránea y su relación con las variables antropométricas en piragüistas cadetes de élite. Para ello, 110 piragüistas varones de categoría cadete (media de edad: 15,51 ±0,66 años y IMC medio: 22,66 ± 2,03 kg·m-2) fueron valorados antropométricamente siguiendo las indicaciones de la International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry. También se analizó su adherencia a la dieta mediterránea mediante la autocomplementación del cuestionario KIDMED. Se encontró que seis piragüistas tuvieron una baja adhesión a la dieta mediterránea; 31, una mediana, y 73, una excelente. Al dividir a los piragüistas en función de su adhesión a la dieta mediterránea, se hallaron valores similares en las variables antropométricas, el índice de masa corporal, el somatotipo y los porcentajes de composición corporal. En general, los piragüistas mostraron un consumo adecuado de cereales, aceite de oliva, productos lácteos en el desayuno, bollería industrial, dulces, golosinas y comida rápida. No obstante, ingerían menos fruta, verdura, pescado, legumbres, yogures, queso y frutos secos de lo recomendado. En conclusión, no se encontró una relación clara entre los parámetros antropométricos y el grado de adhesión del deportista a la dieta mediterránea en piragüistas varones cadetes de élite. Además, la mayoría de los participantes mostraron una adhesión media o excelente a la dieta mediterránea.

ACS Style

Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal; Fernando Alacid; Jose M. Muyor; Pedro A. López-Miñarro. RELACIÓN ENTRE LOS PARÁMETROS ANTROPOMÉTRICOS Y LA ADHESIÓN A LA DIETA MEDITERRÁNEA EN JÓVENES PIRAGÜISTAS HOMBRES DE ÉLITE. MHSalud: Revista en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Salud 2018, 15, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal, Fernando Alacid, Jose M. Muyor, Pedro A. López-Miñarro. RELACIÓN ENTRE LOS PARÁMETROS ANTROPOMÉTRICOS Y LA ADHESIÓN A LA DIETA MEDITERRÁNEA EN JÓVENES PIRAGÜISTAS HOMBRES DE ÉLITE. MHSalud: Revista en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Salud. 2018; 15 (2):1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal; Fernando Alacid; Jose M. Muyor; Pedro A. López-Miñarro. 2018. "RELACIÓN ENTRE LOS PARÁMETROS ANTROPOMÉTRICOS Y LA ADHESIÓN A LA DIETA MEDITERRÁNEA EN JÓVENES PIRAGÜISTAS HOMBRES DE ÉLITE." MHSalud: Revista en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Salud 15, no. 2: 1-15.

Journal article
Published: 31 January 2018 in MHSalud: Revista en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Salud
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Beatriz Soriano-Férriz; Fernando Alacid. PROGRAMAS Y EJERCICIOS DE FLEXIBILIDAD DENTRO DE LAS CLASES DE EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA, EN NIÑOS Y NIÑAS ESCOLARES, Y SU EFECTO EN LA MEJORA DE LA EXTENSIBILIDAD ISQUIOSURAL: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA. MHSalud: Revista en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Salud 2018, 15, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Beatriz Soriano-Férriz, Fernando Alacid. PROGRAMAS Y EJERCICIOS DE FLEXIBILIDAD DENTRO DE LAS CLASES DE EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA, EN NIÑOS Y NIÑAS ESCOLARES, Y SU EFECTO EN LA MEJORA DE LA EXTENSIBILIDAD ISQUIOSURAL: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA. MHSalud: Revista en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Salud. 2018; 15 (1):1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beatriz Soriano-Férriz; Fernando Alacid. 2018. "PROGRAMAS Y EJERCICIOS DE FLEXIBILIDAD DENTRO DE LAS CLASES DE EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA, EN NIÑOS Y NIÑAS ESCOLARES, Y SU EFECTO EN LA MEJORA DE LA EXTENSIBILIDAD ISQUIOSURAL: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA." MHSalud: Revista en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Salud 15, no. 1: 1-15.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2017 in Journal of Human Kinetics
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The aim of this study was to determine the anthropometric and physical characteristics of youth elite paddlers and to identify the differences between kayakers and canoeists. A total of 171 male paddlers (eighty-nine kayakers and eighty-two canoeists), aged 13.69 ± 0.57 years (mean ± SD) volunteered to participate in this study. The participants completed basic anthropometric assessments (body mass, stretch stature, sitting height, body mass index, maturity level, sum of 6 skinfolds and fat mass percentage) as well as a battery of physical fitness tests (overhead medicine ball throw, counter movement jump, sit-and-reach and 20 m multi-stage shuttle run tests). The anthropometric results revealed a significantly larger body size (stretch stature and sitting height) and body mass in the kayakers (p < 0.01) as well as a more mature biological status (p = 0.003). The physical fitness level exhibited by the kayakers was likewise significantly greater than that of the canoeists, both in the counter movement jump and estimated VO2max (p < 0.05), as well as in the overhead medicine ball throw and sit-and-reach test (p < 0.01). These findings confirm the more robust and mature profile of youth kayakers that might be associated with the superior fitness level observed and the specific requirements of this sport discipline.

ACS Style

Daniel López-Plaza; Fernando Alacid; José María Muyor; Pedro Ángel López-Miñarro. Differences in Anthropometry, Biological Age and Physical Fitness Between Young Elite Kayakers and Canoeists. Journal of Human Kinetics 2017, 57, 181 -190.

AMA Style

Daniel López-Plaza, Fernando Alacid, José María Muyor, Pedro Ángel López-Miñarro. Differences in Anthropometry, Biological Age and Physical Fitness Between Young Elite Kayakers and Canoeists. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2017; 57 (1):181-190.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel López-Plaza; Fernando Alacid; José María Muyor; Pedro Ángel López-Miñarro. 2017. "Differences in Anthropometry, Biological Age and Physical Fitness Between Young Elite Kayakers and Canoeists." Journal of Human Kinetics 57, no. 1: 181-190.

Research article
Published: 26 May 2017 in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
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L-Citrulline is a nonessential amino acid precursor of arginine and indirectly a precursor of nitric oxide (NO), which is a vasodilator and increases mitochondrial respiration. On the other hand, the antioxidant pomegranate ellagitannins are precursors of urolithin A, which has been associated with mitophagy and increased muscle function. To elucidate if a single dose of watermelon enrichment with these compounds could have a positive effect after high-intensity exercise (eight sets of eight repetitions of half-squat exercise), a double-blind randomized crossover in vivo study was performed in healthy male subjects (n = 19). Enrichment juices maintained basal levels of blood markers of muscle damage, such as lactate dehydrogenase and myoglobin, and showed a significant maintenance of force during the exercise and a significant decrease in the rating of perceived exertion and muscle soreness after exercise. A positive effect was observed between l-citrulline and ellagitannins, improving the ergogenic effect of watermelon juice.

ACS Style

Ascensión Martínez-Sánchez; Fernando Alacid; Jacobo A. Rubio-Arias; Bárbara Fernández-Lobato; Domingo J. Ramos-Campo; Encarna Aguayo. Consumption of Watermelon Juice Enriched in l-Citrulline and Pomegranate Ellagitannins Enhanced Metabolism during Physical Exercise. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2017, 65, 4395 -4404.

AMA Style

Ascensión Martínez-Sánchez, Fernando Alacid, Jacobo A. Rubio-Arias, Bárbara Fernández-Lobato, Domingo J. Ramos-Campo, Encarna Aguayo. Consumption of Watermelon Juice Enriched in l-Citrulline and Pomegranate Ellagitannins Enhanced Metabolism during Physical Exercise. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2017; 65 (22):4395-4404.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ascensión Martínez-Sánchez; Fernando Alacid; Jacobo A. Rubio-Arias; Bárbara Fernández-Lobato; Domingo J. Ramos-Campo; Encarna Aguayo. 2017. "Consumption of Watermelon Juice Enriched in l-Citrulline and Pomegranate Ellagitannins Enhanced Metabolism during Physical Exercise." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 65, no. 22: 4395-4404.

Journal article
Published: 08 March 2017 in Kinesiology
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The aim of this study was to compare the thoracic and lumbar curvatures and pelvic tilt in relaxed standing and maximal trunk flexion among highly-trained young athletes from three different sports disciplines. Thirty-two male canoeists, 30 male kayakers and 24 male tennis players were recruited for the study. The Spinal Mouse® system was used to measure the thoracic and lumbar sagittal spinal curvatures and pelvic tilt in relaxed standing and maximal trunk flexion in sitting with flexed (McRae & Wright test) and extended knees (sit-and-reach test). Significant differences were found in maximal trunk flexion tests among athletes. Kayakers and canoeists showed increased anterior pelvic tilt compared to tennis players in the McRae & Wright (p<.01) and decreased posterior pelvic tilt in the sit-and-reach (p<.001) tests; however, canoeists had increased posterior pelvic tilt compared to kayakers in the sit-and-reach test (p<.01). Canoeists had increased thoracic kyphosis curvature compared to kayakers (p<.01) and tennis players (p<.001) in the sit-and-reach test. Spinal sagittal curvatures and pelvic tilt in relaxed standing did not show significant differences. In conclusion, specific sport training may be associated with adaptations in the sagittal spinal curvatures and pelvic tilt when maximal trunk flexion positions are performed.

ACS Style

Pedro A. López-Miñarro; Jose M. Muyor; Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal; Fernando Alacid; Manuel Isorna. Comparison of sagittal spinal curvatures and pelvic tilt in highly trained athletes from different sport disciplines. Kinesiology 2017, 49, 109 -116.

AMA Style

Pedro A. López-Miñarro, Jose M. Muyor, Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal, Fernando Alacid, Manuel Isorna. Comparison of sagittal spinal curvatures and pelvic tilt in highly trained athletes from different sport disciplines. Kinesiology. 2017; 49 (1):109-116.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro A. López-Miñarro; Jose M. Muyor; Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal; Fernando Alacid; Manuel Isorna. 2017. "Comparison of sagittal spinal curvatures and pelvic tilt in highly trained athletes from different sport disciplines." Kinesiology 49, no. 1: 109-116.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Food & Nutrition Research
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Background: Watermelon is a rich natural source of l-citrulline. This non-essential amino acid increases exercise performance.

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Ascensión Martínez-Sánchez; Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo; Bárbara Fernández-Lobato; Jacobo A. Rubio-Arias; Fernando Alacid; Encarna Aguayo. Biochemical, physiological, and performance response of a functional watermelon juice enriched in L-citrulline during a half-marathon race. Food & Nutrition Research 2017, 61, 1330098 .

AMA Style

Ascensión Martínez-Sánchez, Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo, Bárbara Fernández-Lobato, Jacobo A. Rubio-Arias, Fernando Alacid, Encarna Aguayo. Biochemical, physiological, and performance response of a functional watermelon juice enriched in L-citrulline during a half-marathon race. Food & Nutrition Research. 2017; 61 (1):1330098.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ascensión Martínez-Sánchez; Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo; Bárbara Fernández-Lobato; Jacobo A. Rubio-Arias; Fernando Alacid; Encarna Aguayo. 2017. "Biochemical, physiological, and performance response of a functional watermelon juice enriched in L-citrulline during a half-marathon race." Food & Nutrition Research 61, no. 1: 1330098.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2016 in Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
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The biological response to ultra-endurance mountain race events is not yet well understood. The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical and physiological changes after performing an ultra-endurance mountain race in runners. We recruited 11 amateur runners (age: 29.7 ± 10.2 years; height: 179.7 ± 5.4 cm; body mass: 76.7 ± 10.3 kg). Muscle damage, lactate concentration, energy balance, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), body composition changes, and jump performance were analyzed before, during (only lactate, HR, and HRV), and after the race. Athletes completed 54 km in 6 h, 44 min (±28 min). After the race, myoglobin and creatine kinase concentration increased from 14.9 ± 5.2 to 1419.9 ± 1292.1 μg/L and from 820.0 ± 2087.3 to 2421.1 ± 2336.2 UI/L, respectively (p < 0.01). In addition, lactate dehydrogenase and troponin I significantly increased after the race (p < 0.01). Leukocyte and platelet count increased by 180.6% ± 68.9% and 23.7% ± 11.2%, respectively (p < 0.001). Moreover, after the competition, athletes presented a 3704 kcal negative energy balance; a significant increase in RPE values; a decrease in countermovement and squat jump height; and a decrease in body mass and lower limb girths. During the event, lactate concentration did not change and subjects presented a mean HR of 158.8 ± 17.7 beats/min, a significant decrement in vagal modulation, and a significant increase in sympathetic modulation. Despite the relative “low” intensity achieved, ultra-endurance mountain race is a stressful stimulus that produces a high level of muscle damage in the athletes. These findings may help coaches to design specific training programs that may improve nutritional intake strategies and prevent muscle damage.

ACS Style

Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo; Vicente Ávila-Gandía; Fernando Alacid; Fulgencio Soto-Méndez; Pedro E. Alcaraz; F. Javier López-Román; Jacobo Á. Rubio-Arias. Muscle damage, physiological changes, and energy balance in ultra-endurance mountain-event athletes. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 2016, 41, 872 -878.

AMA Style

Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo, Vicente Ávila-Gandía, Fernando Alacid, Fulgencio Soto-Méndez, Pedro E. Alcaraz, F. Javier López-Román, Jacobo Á. Rubio-Arias. Muscle damage, physiological changes, and energy balance in ultra-endurance mountain-event athletes. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2016; 41 (8):872-878.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo; Vicente Ávila-Gandía; Fernando Alacid; Fulgencio Soto-Méndez; Pedro E. Alcaraz; F. Javier López-Román; Jacobo Á. Rubio-Arias. 2016. "Muscle damage, physiological changes, and energy balance in ultra-endurance mountain-event athletes." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 41, no. 8: 872-878.

Talent identification and coaching
Published: 19 July 2016 in Journal of Sports Sciences
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This study aimed to identify the maturity-related differences and its influence on the physical fitness, morphological and performance characteristics of young elite paddlers. In total, 89 kayakers and 82 canoeists, aged 13.69 ± 0.57 years (mean ± s), were allocated in three groups depending on their age relative to the age at peak height velocity (pre-APHV, circum-APHV and post-APHV) and discipline (kayak and canoe). Nine anthropometric variables, a battery of four physical fitness tests (overhead medicine ball throw, countermovement jump, sit-and-reach test and 20 m multistage shuttle run test) and three specific performance tests (1000, 500 and 200 m) were assessed. Both disciplines presented significant maturity-based differences in all anthropometric parameters (except for fat and muscle mass percentage), overhead medicine ball throw and all performance times (pre > circum > post; P < 0.05). Negative and significant correlations (P < 0.01) were detected between performance times, chronological age and anthropometry (body mass, height, sitting height and maturity status), overhead medicine ball throw and sit and reach for all distances. These findings confirm the importance of maturity status in sprint kayaking and canoeing since the more mature paddlers were also those who revealed largest body size, physical fitness level and best paddling performance. Additionally, the most important variables predicting performance times in kayaking and canoeing were maturity status and chronological age, respectively.

ACS Style

Daniel López-Plaza; Fernando Alacid; José María Muyor; Pedro Ángel López-Miñarro. Sprint kayaking and canoeing performance prediction based on the relationship between maturity status, anthropometry and physical fitness in young elite paddlers. Journal of Sports Sciences 2016, 35, 1083 -1090.

AMA Style

Daniel López-Plaza, Fernando Alacid, José María Muyor, Pedro Ángel López-Miñarro. Sprint kayaking and canoeing performance prediction based on the relationship between maturity status, anthropometry and physical fitness in young elite paddlers. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2016; 35 (11):1083-1090.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel López-Plaza; Fernando Alacid; José María Muyor; Pedro Ángel López-Miñarro. 2016. "Sprint kayaking and canoeing performance prediction based on the relationship between maturity status, anthropometry and physical fitness in young elite paddlers." Journal of Sports Sciences 35, no. 11: 1083-1090.