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The Maloti-Drakensberg (MD) is the largest and highest-elevation mountain system in southern Africa. Covering 40,000 km2 and reaching 3500 m, the MD provides a range of ecosystem services (ES) to the entire southern African region—benefitting diverse users and extending well beyond the mountains. Rapid socioecological change threatens the provision of ES and presents multidimensional challenges to sustainable development. However, the continued land degradation and persisting socioeconomic problems indicate that development policy has not been effective in tackling these issues. In this paper, a multidisciplinary literature review forms the basis of a discussion which takes an ES framing to scrutinise the multidimensional social, political, economic and cultural issues in the study area. Three critical management systems are presented, and their associated ES are discussed, namely, water transfer, rangelands and conservation and tourism. In particular, the diversity of ES uses and values in the MD is considered. The results reveal the main drivers of continued unsustainable development and highlight important information gaps.
Jess Delves; V. Clark; Stefan Schneiderbauer; Nigel Barker; Jörg Szarzynski; Stefano Tondini; João Vidal; Andrea Membretti. Scrutinising Multidimensional Challenges in the Maloti-Drakensberg (Lesotho/South Africa). Sustainability 2021, 13, 8511 .
AMA StyleJess Delves, V. Clark, Stefan Schneiderbauer, Nigel Barker, Jörg Szarzynski, Stefano Tondini, João Vidal, Andrea Membretti. Scrutinising Multidimensional Challenges in the Maloti-Drakensberg (Lesotho/South Africa). Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8511.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJess Delves; V. Clark; Stefan Schneiderbauer; Nigel Barker; Jörg Szarzynski; Stefano Tondini; João Vidal; Andrea Membretti. 2021. "Scrutinising Multidimensional Challenges in the Maloti-Drakensberg (Lesotho/South Africa)." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8511.
The use of wireless sensor networks (WSN) to address and improve the environmental quality of the built environment is gaining more and more prominence in modern cities. In this scope, our work aims to assess the spatial variability of local climate in relation to the urban morphology and the distribution of materials and vegetation. Furthermore, on-site measured data have been exploited to run and benchmark numerical models for the simulation and visualization of multiple climate parameters, such as outdoor thermal comfort.
Silvia Croce; Stefano Tondini. Urban Microclimate Monitoring and Modeling through an Open-Source Distributed Network of Wireless Low-Cost Sensors and Numerical Simulations. Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications 2020, 2, 18 .
AMA StyleSilvia Croce, Stefano Tondini. Urban Microclimate Monitoring and Modeling through an Open-Source Distributed Network of Wireless Low-Cost Sensors and Numerical Simulations. Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications. 2020; 2 (1):18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvia Croce; Stefano Tondini. 2020. "Urban Microclimate Monitoring and Modeling through an Open-Source Distributed Network of Wireless Low-Cost Sensors and Numerical Simulations." Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications 2, no. 1: 18.
In the scenario of massive urbanization and global climate change, the acquisition of microclimatic data in urban areas plays a key role in responsive adaptation and mitigation strategies. The enrichment of kinematic sensor data with precise, high-frequency and robust positioning directly relates to the possibility of creating added-value services devoted to improving the life-quality of urban communities. This work presents a low-cost cloud-connected mobile monitoring platform for multiple environmental parameters and their spatial variation in the urban context.
Stefano Tondini; Farshad Hasanabadi; Roberto Monsorno; Antonio Novelli. Toward Near Real-Time Kinematics Differential Correction: In View of Geometrically Augmented Sensor Data for Mobile Microclimate Monitoring. Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications 2020, 2, 61 .
AMA StyleStefano Tondini, Farshad Hasanabadi, Roberto Monsorno, Antonio Novelli. Toward Near Real-Time Kinematics Differential Correction: In View of Geometrically Augmented Sensor Data for Mobile Microclimate Monitoring. Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications. 2020; 2 (1):61.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefano Tondini; Farshad Hasanabadi; Roberto Monsorno; Antonio Novelli. 2020. "Toward Near Real-Time Kinematics Differential Correction: In View of Geometrically Augmented Sensor Data for Mobile Microclimate Monitoring." Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications 2, no. 1: 61.
In this work we showed the optimization of the spectral response of several optical elements in a silicon-based optical switch. Integrated thermal resistors induced a local heating of the components. The temperature increase, in turn, caused a thermal shift of the optical response of the component. In this manner, we aligned interleavers and micro-ring resonators to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) channels, by using a stochastic method named Globalized Bounded Nelder-Mead (GBNM) to determine the proper temperatures. The optimization engine relied on the optical feedback from on-chip monitor photodiodes to drive these photonic elements into the wanted functioning condition. This method is suited for restoring the spectral response of optical elements impaired by fabrication inaccuracies. In the same way, it can be applied to tune in resonance active components, whose transfer function has one or more local optima. We proved the reliability of the GBNM method for the optimization of an integrated optical switch, with more than thousand optical components, each one interfaced with a thermal resistor driven by a dedicated electronic circuit. On the one hand, the GBNM guaranteed the automatic alignment of all active components on the chip, over multiple instances. On the other hand, the method allowed for the proper working of such a complex device.
Stefano Tondini; Claudio Castellan; Manuel Alessandro Medina; Lorenzo Pavesi. Automatic Initialization Methods for Photonic Components on a Silicon-Based Optical Switch. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 1843 .
AMA StyleStefano Tondini, Claudio Castellan, Manuel Alessandro Medina, Lorenzo Pavesi. Automatic Initialization Methods for Photonic Components on a Silicon-Based Optical Switch. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (9):1843.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefano Tondini; Claudio Castellan; Manuel Alessandro Medina; Lorenzo Pavesi. 2019. "Automatic Initialization Methods for Photonic Components on a Silicon-Based Optical Switch." Applied Sciences 9, no. 9: 1843.
This paper reports the performances of a silicon photonics optical switch matrix fabricated by using large scale 3D integration. The wavelength selective optical switch consists of a photonic integrated circuit (PIC), with 1398 circuit elements, interconnected in a 3D stack with its control electronic integrated circuit (EIC). Each PIC element can be trimmed or reconfigured by using metallic heaters. The EIC is designed to drive the heaters and to read the signal of monitor photodiodes integrated into the PIC. Small footprint and high energy efficiency are achieved in the PIC and the EIC. Automatic wavelength alignment of the optical circuits in the PIC to the ITU grid and fine temperature tuning of each photonic element to optimize the switch insertion losses are obtained by an optimization routine. A fully packaged switch with input/output fibers is tested both for optical and electrical characteristics as well as for the system performances. Fiber to fiber insertion losses of about 20 dB and channel isolation of -35 dB are achieved. BER characteristics at 25 Gbps are evaluated. Perspective applications of the optical switch in optical transport and intra-data center networks are discussed.
Francesco Testa; Stefano Tondini; Fabrizio Gambini; Philippe Velha; Alberto Bianchi; Christophe Kopp; Michael Hofbauer; Costanza Lucia Manganelli; Nikola Zecevic; Stefano Faralli; Gabriel Pares; Reinhard Enne; Aina Serrano; Bernhard Goll; Giorgio Fontana; Astghik Chalyan; Jong-Moo Lee; Paolo Pintus; Guido Chiaretti; Horst Zimmermann; Lorenzo Pavesi; Claudio J. Oton; Stefano Stracca. Integrated Reconfigurable Silicon Photonics Switch Matrix in IRIS Project: Technological Achievements and Experimental Results. Journal of Lightwave Technology 2018, 37, 345 -355.
AMA StyleFrancesco Testa, Stefano Tondini, Fabrizio Gambini, Philippe Velha, Alberto Bianchi, Christophe Kopp, Michael Hofbauer, Costanza Lucia Manganelli, Nikola Zecevic, Stefano Faralli, Gabriel Pares, Reinhard Enne, Aina Serrano, Bernhard Goll, Giorgio Fontana, Astghik Chalyan, Jong-Moo Lee, Paolo Pintus, Guido Chiaretti, Horst Zimmermann, Lorenzo Pavesi, Claudio J. Oton, Stefano Stracca. Integrated Reconfigurable Silicon Photonics Switch Matrix in IRIS Project: Technological Achievements and Experimental Results. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 2018; 37 (2):345-355.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Testa; Stefano Tondini; Fabrizio Gambini; Philippe Velha; Alberto Bianchi; Christophe Kopp; Michael Hofbauer; Costanza Lucia Manganelli; Nikola Zecevic; Stefano Faralli; Gabriel Pares; Reinhard Enne; Aina Serrano; Bernhard Goll; Giorgio Fontana; Astghik Chalyan; Jong-Moo Lee; Paolo Pintus; Guido Chiaretti; Horst Zimmermann; Lorenzo Pavesi; Claudio J. Oton; Stefano Stracca. 2018. "Integrated Reconfigurable Silicon Photonics Switch Matrix in IRIS Project: Technological Achievements and Experimental Results." Journal of Lightwave Technology 37, no. 2: 345-355.
In this work, we report on the modeling and the experimental characterization of a 6×400 GHz silicon Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG). The design of the device is based on the reduction of the background noise. The good characteristics of the AWG demonstrate that unwanted reflections have a detrimental role on its performance. We demonstrate a smoothing of the output channel shape of the AWG, as well as a reduction of the crosstalk level from −20.6(1) dB to −24.4(1) dB.
Claudio Castellan; Stefano Tondini; Mattia Mancinelli; Christophe Kopp; Lorenzo Pavesi. Low crosstalk silicon arrayed waveguide gratings for on-chip optical multiplexing. Silicon Photonics: From Fundamental Research to Manufacturing 2018, 10686, 106860V .
AMA StyleClaudio Castellan, Stefano Tondini, Mattia Mancinelli, Christophe Kopp, Lorenzo Pavesi. Low crosstalk silicon arrayed waveguide gratings for on-chip optical multiplexing. Silicon Photonics: From Fundamental Research to Manufacturing. 2018; 10686 ():106860V.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudio Castellan; Stefano Tondini; Mattia Mancinelli; Christophe Kopp; Lorenzo Pavesi. 2018. "Low crosstalk silicon arrayed waveguide gratings for on-chip optical multiplexing." Silicon Photonics: From Fundamental Research to Manufacturing 10686, no. : 106860V.
Stefano Tondini; Astghik Chalyan; Giorgio Fontana; Lorenzo Pavesi; Nikola Zecevic; Michael Hofbauer; Bernhard Goll; Horst Zimmermann; Stefano Stracca; Alberto Bianchi; Costanza Manganelli; Philippe Velha; Paolo Pintus; Fabrizio Di Pasquale; Claudio J. Oton; Christophe Kopp; Laetitia Adelmini; Olivier Lemonnier; Gabriel Pares; Guido Chiaretti; Aina Serrano; Jose Ángel Ayucar; Giovan Battista Preve; Minsu Kim; Jong Moo Lee; Francesco Testa. Integrated, scalable and reconfigurable Silicon Photonics based optical switch for colorless, directionless and contentionless operation. Optical Fiber Communication Conference 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleStefano Tondini, Astghik Chalyan, Giorgio Fontana, Lorenzo Pavesi, Nikola Zecevic, Michael Hofbauer, Bernhard Goll, Horst Zimmermann, Stefano Stracca, Alberto Bianchi, Costanza Manganelli, Philippe Velha, Paolo Pintus, Fabrizio Di Pasquale, Claudio J. Oton, Christophe Kopp, Laetitia Adelmini, Olivier Lemonnier, Gabriel Pares, Guido Chiaretti, Aina Serrano, Jose Ángel Ayucar, Giovan Battista Preve, Minsu Kim, Jong Moo Lee, Francesco Testa. Integrated, scalable and reconfigurable Silicon Photonics based optical switch for colorless, directionless and contentionless operation. Optical Fiber Communication Conference. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefano Tondini; Astghik Chalyan; Giorgio Fontana; Lorenzo Pavesi; Nikola Zecevic; Michael Hofbauer; Bernhard Goll; Horst Zimmermann; Stefano Stracca; Alberto Bianchi; Costanza Manganelli; Philippe Velha; Paolo Pintus; Fabrizio Di Pasquale; Claudio J. Oton; Christophe Kopp; Laetitia Adelmini; Olivier Lemonnier; Gabriel Pares; Guido Chiaretti; Aina Serrano; Jose Ángel Ayucar; Giovan Battista Preve; Minsu Kim; Jong Moo Lee; Francesco Testa. 2018. "Integrated, scalable and reconfigurable Silicon Photonics based optical switch for colorless, directionless and contentionless operation." Optical Fiber Communication Conference , no. : 1.
Array waveguide gratings (AWGs) are a key component in WDM systems, allowing for de-multiplexing and routing of wavelength channels. A high-resolution AWG able to satisfy challenging requirements in terms of insertion loss and X-talk is what is needed to contribute to the paradigm change in the deployment of optical communication that is nowadays occurring within the ROADM architectures. In order to improve the performances and keep down the footprint, we modified the design at the star coupler (SC) and at the bending stages. We evaluated how the background noise is modified within a whiskered-shaped SC optimized to reduce the reflectivity of the SOI slab and keep down back-scattered optical signal. A dedicated heating circuit has also been designed, in order to allow for an overall tuning of the channel-output. A high-performance AWG has also to cope with possible thermal-induced environmental changes, especially in the case of integration within a PIC. Therefore, we suggested a way to reduce the thermal-sensitivity.
Stefano Tondini; Claudio Castellan; Mattia Mancinelli; Lorenzo Pavesi. Modeling and validation of high-performance and athermal AWGs for the silicon photonics platform. 2016 18th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) 2016, 1 -4.
AMA StyleStefano Tondini, Claudio Castellan, Mattia Mancinelli, Lorenzo Pavesi. Modeling and validation of high-performance and athermal AWGs for the silicon photonics platform. 2016 18th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). 2016; ():1-4.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefano Tondini; Claudio Castellan; Mattia Mancinelli; Lorenzo Pavesi. 2016. "Modeling and validation of high-performance and athermal AWGs for the silicon photonics platform." 2016 18th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) , no. : 1-4.
In this letter we evaluate how the background noise is modified within a whiskered-shaped star coupler, optimized to reduce the reflectivity of its internal surfaces to reduce the backscattered light. The study is carried out by analyzing the Fabry- Perot interference due to the reflections between the input focal plane of the star coupler and the output facet of the waveguides. By comparing a whiskered star coupler with a standard one, we find a reduction in the star coupler reflectance of more than one order of magnitude. The experimental results are supported by a theoretical model and by numerical simulations.
Claudio Castellan; Stefano Tondini; Mattia Mancinelli; Christophe Kopp; Lorenzo Pavesi. Reflectance Reduction in a Whiskered SOI Star Coupler. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 2016, 28, 1870 -1873.
AMA StyleClaudio Castellan, Stefano Tondini, Mattia Mancinelli, Christophe Kopp, Lorenzo Pavesi. Reflectance Reduction in a Whiskered SOI Star Coupler. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. 2016; 28 (17):1870-1873.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudio Castellan; Stefano Tondini; Mattia Mancinelli; Christophe Kopp; Lorenzo Pavesi. 2016. "Reflectance Reduction in a Whiskered SOI Star Coupler." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 28, no. 17: 1870-1873.
Array waveguide gratings (AWGs) are a key component in WDM systems, allowing for de-multiplexing and routing of wavelength channels. A high-resolution AWG able to satisfy challenging requirements in terms of insertion loss and X-talk is what is needed to contribute to the paradigm change in the deployment of optical communication that is nowadays occurring within the ROADM architectures. In order to improve the performances and keep down the footprint, we modified the design at the star coupler (SC) and at the bending stages. We evaluated how the background noise is modified within a whiskered-shaped SC optimized to reduce the re ectivity of the SOI slab and keep down back-scattered optical signal. A dedicated heating circuit has also been designed, in order to allow for an overall tuning of the channel-output. A high-performance AWG has also to cope with possible thermal-induced environmental changes, especially in the case of integration within a Photonic Integrated Circuit (PIC). Therefore, we suggested a way to reduce the thermal-sensitivity.
Stefano Tondini; Claudio Castellan; Mattia Mancinelli. Modeling and validation of high-performance and a-thermal AWGs for the silicon photonics platform. Silicon Photonics and Photonic Integrated Circuits V 2016, 9891, 98910C .
AMA StyleStefano Tondini, Claudio Castellan, Mattia Mancinelli. Modeling and validation of high-performance and a-thermal AWGs for the silicon photonics platform. Silicon Photonics and Photonic Integrated Circuits V. 2016; 9891 ():98910C.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefano Tondini; Claudio Castellan; Mattia Mancinelli. 2016. "Modeling and validation of high-performance and a-thermal AWGs for the silicon photonics platform." Silicon Photonics and Photonic Integrated Circuits V 9891, no. : 98910C.
This paper aims to present the design and the achieved results on a CMOS electronic and photonic integrated device for low cost, low power, transparent, mass-manufacturable optical switching. An unprecedented number of integrated photonic components (more than 1000), each individually electronically controlled, allows for the realization of a transponder aggregator device which interconnects up to eight transponders to a four direction colorless-directionless-contentionless ROADM. Each direction supports 12 200-GHz spaced wavelengths, which can be independently added or dropped from the network. An electronic ASIC, 3-D integrated on top of the photonic chip, controls the switch fabrics to allow a complete and microsecond fast reconfigurability.
Francesco Testa; Claudio J. Oton; Christophe Kopp; Jong-Moo Lee; Ruben Ortuno; Reinhard Enne; Stefano Tondini; Guido Chiaretti; Alberto Bianchi; Paolo Pintus; Min-Su Kim; Daivid Fowler; Jose Angel Ayucar; Michael Hofbauer; Mattia Mancinelli; Maryse Fournier; Giovan Battista Preve; Nikola Zecevic; Costanza L. Manganelli; Claudio Castellan; Gabriel Pares; Olivier Lemonnier; Fabrizio Gambini; Pierre Labeye; Marco Romagnoli; Lorenzo Pavesi; Horst Zimmermann; Fabrizio Di Pasquale; Stefano Stracca. Design and Implementation of an Integrated Reconfigurable Silicon Photonics Switch Matrix in IRIS Project. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 2016, 22, 155 -168.
AMA StyleFrancesco Testa, Claudio J. Oton, Christophe Kopp, Jong-Moo Lee, Ruben Ortuno, Reinhard Enne, Stefano Tondini, Guido Chiaretti, Alberto Bianchi, Paolo Pintus, Min-Su Kim, Daivid Fowler, Jose Angel Ayucar, Michael Hofbauer, Mattia Mancinelli, Maryse Fournier, Giovan Battista Preve, Nikola Zecevic, Costanza L. Manganelli, Claudio Castellan, Gabriel Pares, Olivier Lemonnier, Fabrizio Gambini, Pierre Labeye, Marco Romagnoli, Lorenzo Pavesi, Horst Zimmermann, Fabrizio Di Pasquale, Stefano Stracca. Design and Implementation of an Integrated Reconfigurable Silicon Photonics Switch Matrix in IRIS Project. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. 2016; 22 (6):155-168.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Testa; Claudio J. Oton; Christophe Kopp; Jong-Moo Lee; Ruben Ortuno; Reinhard Enne; Stefano Tondini; Guido Chiaretti; Alberto Bianchi; Paolo Pintus; Min-Su Kim; Daivid Fowler; Jose Angel Ayucar; Michael Hofbauer; Mattia Mancinelli; Maryse Fournier; Giovan Battista Preve; Nikola Zecevic; Costanza L. Manganelli; Claudio Castellan; Gabriel Pares; Olivier Lemonnier; Fabrizio Gambini; Pierre Labeye; Marco Romagnoli; Lorenzo Pavesi; Horst Zimmermann; Fabrizio Di Pasquale; Stefano Stracca. 2016. "Design and Implementation of an Integrated Reconfigurable Silicon Photonics Switch Matrix in IRIS Project." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 22, no. 6: 155-168.
We present an overview of the key aspects for the design of scalable silicon photonic switch matrices. We first discuss different possible configurations, and then we present the proposed architecture for a multiport transponder aggregator within the European project IRIS. We also analyze all the necessary photonic building blocks for this application; we will show design considerations as well as experimental demonstrations of many of them, discussing all the possible issues that must be considered for the system to work within specifications.
Claudio J. Oton; Paolo Pintus; Costanza Manganelli; Fabrizio Gambini; Fabrizio Di Pasquale; Stefano Tondini; Claudio Castellan; Mattia Mancinelli; Lorenzo Pavesi; Min Su Kim; Jong-Moo Lee; Daivid Fowler; Maryse Fournier; Christophe Kopp; Francesco Testa. Silicon Photonics for Matrix Switching Applications: Ingredients and Recipes. Advanced Photonics 2016, ITu3B.6 .
AMA StyleClaudio J. Oton, Paolo Pintus, Costanza Manganelli, Fabrizio Gambini, Fabrizio Di Pasquale, Stefano Tondini, Claudio Castellan, Mattia Mancinelli, Lorenzo Pavesi, Min Su Kim, Jong-Moo Lee, Daivid Fowler, Maryse Fournier, Christophe Kopp, Francesco Testa. Silicon Photonics for Matrix Switching Applications: Ingredients and Recipes. Advanced Photonics. 2016; ():ITu3B.6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudio J. Oton; Paolo Pintus; Costanza Manganelli; Fabrizio Gambini; Fabrizio Di Pasquale; Stefano Tondini; Claudio Castellan; Mattia Mancinelli; Lorenzo Pavesi; Min Su Kim; Jong-Moo Lee; Daivid Fowler; Maryse Fournier; Christophe Kopp; Francesco Testa. 2016. "Silicon Photonics for Matrix Switching Applications: Ingredients and Recipes." Advanced Photonics , no. : ITu3B.6.