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Due to the considerable amount of waste plastics and polymers that are produced annually, the introduction of these waste products in construction materials is becoming a recurrent solution to recycle them. Among polymers, polyamide represents an important proportion of polymer waste. In this study, sustainable and lightweight mortars were designed and elaborated, substituting the aggregates by polyamide powder waste. Mortars were produced with various dosages of cement/aggregates, and the polyamide substitutions were 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the aggregates. The aim of this paper is to determine the density and the compressive strength of the manufactured mortars to observe the feasibility for being employed as masonry or rendering and plastering mortars. Results showed that with increasing polymer substitution, lower densities were achieved, ranging from 1850 to 790 kg/m3 in modified mortars. Mortars with densities below 1300 kg/m3 are cataloged as lightweight mortars. Furthermore, compressive strength also decreased with more polyamide substitution. Obtained values in recycled mortars were between 15.77 and 2.10 MPa, but the majority of the values (eight out of 12) were over 5 MPa. Additionally, an economic evaluation was performed, and it was observed that the use of waste polyamide implies an important cost reduction, apart from the advantage of not having to manage this waste material. Consequently, not only the mechanical properties of the new recycled materials were verified as well as its economic viability.
Miguel A. Salas; Heriberto Pérez-Acebo; Verónica Calderón; Hernán Gonzalo-Orden. Analysis and Economic Evaluation of the Use of Recycled Polyamide Powder in Masonry Mortars. Polymers 2020, 12, 2657 .
AMA StyleMiguel A. Salas, Heriberto Pérez-Acebo, Verónica Calderón, Hernán Gonzalo-Orden. Analysis and Economic Evaluation of the Use of Recycled Polyamide Powder in Masonry Mortars. Polymers. 2020; 12 (11):2657.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel A. Salas; Heriberto Pérez-Acebo; Verónica Calderón; Hernán Gonzalo-Orden. 2020. "Analysis and Economic Evaluation of the Use of Recycled Polyamide Powder in Masonry Mortars." Polymers 12, no. 11: 2657.
In the last few years, research in the field of sustainability has experienced a significant increase in interest between sustainability and other areas (inclusive education, active methodologies, and society). Moreover, the use of mixed research methods (quantitative and qualitative) along with the application of data mining techniques, enables the analysis of information and the connection between the different studies. The objectives of this paper were: (1) To establish the results of the research related to the concepts of sustainability, inclusive education, and disability. (2) To study the key concepts that are detected in the articles selected with respect to the concepts of sustainability, inclusive education, disability, and their relations. In order to do so, two studies were carried out (quantitative and qualitative). In the first study, K-means and heat map clustering techniques were applied. In the second study, the technique of text mining was applied. One hundred and thirty-three scientific papers were studied, of which 54 fulfilled all the inclusion criteria. Three clusters were found in the first study; cluster 1 included the categories: inclusive society, educational innovation, and active methodologies. Cluster 2 included active methodologies and society and economy and cluster 3 included inclusive society and society and economy. In the second study, the highest Krippendorff’s Alpha coefficient were found in articles that linked sustainability with social transformation stemming from a change in education by means of the use of active teaching methods and technological resources. The research moves towards the development of competencies in sustainability at all stages of the educational system, and in all areas of knowledge.
Ángel Rodríguez Sáiz; Sara Gutiérrez-González; Ángel Rodríguez; Lourdes Alameda Cuenca-Romero; Verónica Calderón; Miguel Queiruga-Dios. Systematic Review on Inclusive Education, Sustainability in Engineering: An Analysis with Mixed Methods and Data Mining Techniques. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6861 .
AMA StyleÁngel Rodríguez Sáiz, Sara Gutiérrez-González, Ángel Rodríguez, Lourdes Alameda Cuenca-Romero, Verónica Calderón, Miguel Queiruga-Dios. Systematic Review on Inclusive Education, Sustainability in Engineering: An Analysis with Mixed Methods and Data Mining Techniques. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (17):6861.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁngel Rodríguez Sáiz; Sara Gutiérrez-González; Ángel Rodríguez; Lourdes Alameda Cuenca-Romero; Verónica Calderón; Miguel Queiruga-Dios. 2020. "Systematic Review on Inclusive Education, Sustainability in Engineering: An Analysis with Mixed Methods and Data Mining Techniques." Sustainability 12, no. 17: 6861.
The investigation reported in this paper is an evaluation of the mechanical behavior of full-scale ecological mortar slabs manufactured with a mixture of expanded clay and recycled concrete aggregates. The composite mortars form a compressive layer over laminated wooden joists to form a single construction unit. To do so, full-scale flexural tests are conducted of the composite laminated wood-ecological mortar slabs with different types of mortar designs: reference mortar (MR), lightweight mortar dosed with recycled concrete aggregates (MLC), and lightweight mortar dosed with recycled mixed aggregates (MLM). The test results showed that the mortar forming the compression layer and the laminated wooden joists worked in unison and withstood a higher maximum failure load under flexion than the failure load of the wooden joists in isolation. Moreover, the laboratory test results were compared with the simulated values of the theoretical model, generated in accordance with the technical specifications for structural calculations contained in the Spanish building code, and with the results calculated by a computer software package. From the analysis of the results of the calculation methods and the full-scale laboratory test results, it was concluded that the safety margin yielded by the calculations validated the use of those methods on this type of composite slab. In this way, a strong mixed wood–mortar slab was designed, contributing little dead-load to the building structure and its manufacture with recycled aggregate, also contributes to the circular economy of construction materials.
Carmelo Muñoz-Ruiperez; Francisco Fiol Oliván; Verónica Calderón Carpintero; Isabel Santamaría-Vicario; Ángel Rodríguez Sáiz. Mechanical Behavior of a Composite Lightweight Slab, Consisting of a Laminated Wooden Joist and Ecological Mortar. Materials 2020, 13, 1 .
AMA StyleCarmelo Muñoz-Ruiperez, Francisco Fiol Oliván, Verónica Calderón Carpintero, Isabel Santamaría-Vicario, Ángel Rodríguez Sáiz. Mechanical Behavior of a Composite Lightweight Slab, Consisting of a Laminated Wooden Joist and Ecological Mortar. Materials. 2020; 13 (11):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarmelo Muñoz-Ruiperez; Francisco Fiol Oliván; Verónica Calderón Carpintero; Isabel Santamaría-Vicario; Ángel Rodríguez Sáiz. 2020. "Mechanical Behavior of a Composite Lightweight Slab, Consisting of a Laminated Wooden Joist and Ecological Mortar." Materials 13, no. 11: 1.
The properties and the behaviour of plaster mortars designed with Polyurethane Foam Waste (PFW) are studied in this investigation. A characterization of the mixtures is completed, in accordance with the technical specifications of European Norms. The incorporation of polyurethane waste foam can yield porous and lighter mortars, with better resistance to water-vapour permeability, although with weaker mechanical strength and higher levels of absorbency. Nevertheless, suitable mechanical strengths were achieved, resulting in a new material that is compliant with the requirements of the construction industry. The use of PFW in the the manufacture of gypsum mortars for construction reduces the consumption of natural resources and, at the same time, recovers an industrial waste that is otherwise difficult to recycle.
Isabel Santamaría Vicario; Lourdes Alameda Cuenca-Romero; Sara Gutiérrez González; Verónica Calderón Carpintero; Ángel Rodríguez Saiz. Design and Characterization of Gypsum Mortars Dosed with Polyurethane Foam Waste PFW. Materials 2020, 13, 1497 .
AMA StyleIsabel Santamaría Vicario, Lourdes Alameda Cuenca-Romero, Sara Gutiérrez González, Verónica Calderón Carpintero, Ángel Rodríguez Saiz. Design and Characterization of Gypsum Mortars Dosed with Polyurethane Foam Waste PFW. Materials. 2020; 13 (7):1497.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsabel Santamaría Vicario; Lourdes Alameda Cuenca-Romero; Sara Gutiérrez González; Verónica Calderón Carpintero; Ángel Rodríguez Saiz. 2020. "Design and Characterization of Gypsum Mortars Dosed with Polyurethane Foam Waste PFW." Materials 13, no. 7: 1497.
Present waste management policies aim to reduce waste environmental impacts and improve resources’ efficiency. The use of waste and recycled materials to develop green construction materials are attracting researchers worldwide to develop new solutions addressed to increase the sustainability of buildings. This work presents a study of a new recycled mortar panel from the point of view of its contribution to the sustainability of buildings. Materials from industrial waste, as rigid polyurethane foam and electric arc furnace slags, are used as an additive of prefabricated mortar panels. The new proposed panels must have good thermal behavior with respect to the heat transfer interactions with the outside temperature and relative humidity, when compared to traditional brick or concrete. A test building with two kinds of representative uses, which are both residential and tertiary, and located in three cities of Spain with different climates, will be energy simulated in order to assess the thermal behavior of new construction or refurbished opaque ventilated façades with the new mortar panel. The thermal behavior of the new mortar panels would be studied by means of two energy assessments: (i) the evaluation of the influence of the new mortar panel in the energy demand of the whole building when compared to traditional materials, and (ii) the detailed analysis of the transient inner surface temperature of the space walls when using the new mortar panel. Based on the results obtained from the energy simulations performed, it follows that the thermal behavior of the mortar panel is, at least, equivalent to those of the other two materials, and even better in some aspects.
Raúl Briones-Llorente; Verónica Calderón; Sara Gutiérrez-González; Eduardo Montero; Ángel Rodríguez. Testing of the Integrated Energy Behavior of Sustainable Improved Mortar Panels with Recycled Additives by Means of Energy Simulation. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3117 .
AMA StyleRaúl Briones-Llorente, Verónica Calderón, Sara Gutiérrez-González, Eduardo Montero, Ángel Rodríguez. Testing of the Integrated Energy Behavior of Sustainable Improved Mortar Panels with Recycled Additives by Means of Energy Simulation. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (11):3117.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaúl Briones-Llorente; Verónica Calderón; Sara Gutiérrez-González; Eduardo Montero; Ángel Rodríguez. 2019. "Testing of the Integrated Energy Behavior of Sustainable Improved Mortar Panels with Recycled Additives by Means of Energy Simulation." Sustainability 11, no. 11: 3117.
Industrial by-products generated in the steel manufacturing are successfully used as raw materials in the production of construction materials. However, steel slags, due to their nature and composition, can cause undesirable side-effects in mortars and concretes. The reactive components of LFS and EAFS can affect the stability of the cement matrix. This situation may be prevented by an adequate pre-treatment of slag stabilization and a study of the possible reactions within its mineralogical components, to ensure the stability of the slag over time. In this work, an experimental process is shown to evaluate the behaviour of LFS under adverse environmental conditions when used as aggregates in the manufacture of cement mortars for masonry, such as the presence of humidity, high temperatures (80°C) and possible alkali-silica and alkali-silicate reactions. The results show an acceptable behaviour under normal environmental conditions (20°C). However, the formation crystalline acicular structures were observed under high temperatures (80°C) and in the presence of humidity, which degraded the internal structure of the mortars manufactured with LFS.
A. Rodríguez; I. Santamaría-Vicario; V. Calderón; C. Junco; J. García-Cuadrado. Study of the expansion of cement mortars manufactured with Ladle Furnace Slag LFS. Materiales de Construcción 2019, 69, 183 .
AMA StyleA. Rodríguez, I. Santamaría-Vicario, V. Calderón, C. Junco, J. García-Cuadrado. Study of the expansion of cement mortars manufactured with Ladle Furnace Slag LFS. Materiales de Construcción. 2019; 69 (334):183.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Rodríguez; I. Santamaría-Vicario; V. Calderón; C. Junco; J. García-Cuadrado. 2019. "Study of the expansion of cement mortars manufactured with Ladle Furnace Slag LFS." Materiales de Construcción 69, no. 334: 183.
The physical and mechanical properties of prefabricated plaster materials prepared with large quantities of white slag as an aggregate replacement are studied in the form of plasterboards for use in construction. The initial characterization results show a reduction in the mechanical strength of the specimens as the amount of white slag increases, but the material maintains flexural values over 260 N with a 60% substitution of gypsum by white slag when a plasticizer additive is incorporated. The flexural values reach a level well above the 100 N needed per international standards. The thermal behavior at different doses of white slag is also studied with plasterboard specimens with dimensions of (300 × 400 × 15) mm. The heat transference coefficient by wall-air convection has values from 2.76 W/m2°C to 12.01 W/m2°C, which allows assessment of the thermal conductivity of these materials as a function of the amount of slag present in the mixtures. Non combustibility is discussed on the basis of experimental data obtained from two standard test methods: EN ISO 1716 with an oxygen bomb calorimeter and EN ISO 1182 with a cylindrical furnace. The fire response improves substantially as the slag byproduct from the steelmaking industry is incorporated compared to that of the behavior of the reference plaster, although there is a reduction in mass loss of up to 50%. This result could indicate an important advantage for these products for partitions or protection in areas with aggressive thermal requirements.
A. Alonso; A. Rodríguez; J. Gadea; S. Gutiérrez-González; V. Calderón. Impact of Plasterboard with Ladle Furnace Slag on Fire Reaction and Thermal Behavior. Fire Technology 2019, 55, 1733 -1751.
AMA StyleA. Alonso, A. Rodríguez, J. Gadea, S. Gutiérrez-González, V. Calderón. Impact of Plasterboard with Ladle Furnace Slag on Fire Reaction and Thermal Behavior. Fire Technology. 2019; 55 (5):1733-1751.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Alonso; A. Rodríguez; J. Gadea; S. Gutiérrez-González; V. Calderón. 2019. "Impact of Plasterboard with Ladle Furnace Slag on Fire Reaction and Thermal Behavior." Fire Technology 55, no. 5: 1733-1751.
In the European Union, the demand for polyurethane is continually growing. In 2017, the estimated value of polyurethane production was 700,400 Tn, of which 27.3% is taken to landfill, which causes an environmental problem. In this paper, the behaviour of various polyurethane foams from the waste of different types of industries will be analyzed with the aim of assessing their potential use in construction materials. To achieve this, the wastes were chemically tested by means of CHNS, TGA, and leaching tests. They were tested microstructurally by means of SEM. The processing parameters of the waste was calculated after identifying its granulometry and its physical properties i.e., density and water absorption capacity. In addition, the possibility of incorporating these wastes in plaster matrices was studied by determining their rendering in an operational context, finding out their mechanical resistance to flexion and compression at seven days, their reaction to fire as well as their weight per unit of area, and their thermal behaviour. The results show that in all cases, the waste is inert and does not undergo leaching. The generation process of the waste determines the foam’s microstructure in addition to its physical-chemical properties, which directly affect building materials in which they are included, thus offering different ways in which they can be applied.
Raúl Gómez-Rojo; Lourdes Alameda; Ángel Rodríguez; Verónica Calderón; Sara Gutiérrez-González. Characterization of Polyurethane Foam Waste for Reuse in Eco-Efficient Building Materials. Polymers 2019, 11, 359 .
AMA StyleRaúl Gómez-Rojo, Lourdes Alameda, Ángel Rodríguez, Verónica Calderón, Sara Gutiérrez-González. Characterization of Polyurethane Foam Waste for Reuse in Eco-Efficient Building Materials. Polymers. 2019; 11 (2):359.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaúl Gómez-Rojo; Lourdes Alameda; Ángel Rodríguez; Verónica Calderón; Sara Gutiérrez-González. 2019. "Characterization of Polyurethane Foam Waste for Reuse in Eco-Efficient Building Materials." Polymers 11, no. 2: 359.
In the European Union, the demand for polyurethane is continually growing. In 2017, the estimated production value of polyurethane was 700,400T, of which 27.3% is taken to landfill, which causes an environmental problem. In this paper the behaviour of various polyurethane foams from the waste of different types of industries will be analysed with the aim of assessing their potential use in construction materials. In order to this, the wastes were chemically tested by means of CHNS, TGA, and leaching tests. They were tested microstructurally by means of SEM. The processing parameters of the waste was calculated after finding out its granulometry and its physical properties i.e. density and water absorption capacity. In addition, the possibility of incorporating these wastes in plaster matrices was studied by determining its rendering in an operational context, finding out its mechanical resistance to flexion and compression at 7 days, its reaction to fire as well as its weight per unit of area and its thermal behaviour. The results show that in all cases, the waste is inert and does not undergo leaching. The generation process of the waste determines the foam’s microstructure in addition to its physical-chemical properties that directly affect building materials in which they are included, thus offering different ways in which they can be applied.
Raúl Gómez Rojo; Lourdes Alameda; Ángel Rodríguez; Verónica Calderón; Sara Gutiérrez González. Characterization of Polyurethane Foam Waste for Reuse in Eco-Efficient Building Materials. 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleRaúl Gómez Rojo, Lourdes Alameda, Ángel Rodríguez, Verónica Calderón, Sara Gutiérrez González. Characterization of Polyurethane Foam Waste for Reuse in Eco-Efficient Building Materials. . 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaúl Gómez Rojo; Lourdes Alameda; Ángel Rodríguez; Verónica Calderón; Sara Gutiérrez González. 2018. "Characterization of Polyurethane Foam Waste for Reuse in Eco-Efficient Building Materials." , no. : 1.
The properties of structural lightweight mortars obtained with recovered foam polyurethane wastes have been studied, containing a low fraction of soluble non-ionic surfactant. The characterisation of mechanical properties, bulk density, microstructure and porosity highlights two types of behaviour according to the composition (e.g. hydrolysis grade) of the non-ionic surfactants. By using additives with low hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) values, the lightweight mortars show more and more high mechanical properties according to the increase of the substitution rate of sand by PU wastes. These non-ionic surfactants seem to promote a homogeneous microstructure and improve the adhesion between PU wastes and cement paste. On the other hand, the mortars mixed with additives showing high HLB values, are more lightweight and macroporous, due to the increase of air entrained driven by the substitution rate of sand by PU wastes.
R. Arroyo; Matthieu Horgnies; C. Junco; A. Rodríguez; V. Calderón. Lightweight structural eco-mortars made with polyurethane wastes and non-Ionic surfactants. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 197, 157 -163.
AMA StyleR. Arroyo, Matthieu Horgnies, C. Junco, A. Rodríguez, V. Calderón. Lightweight structural eco-mortars made with polyurethane wastes and non-Ionic surfactants. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 197 ():157-163.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR. Arroyo; Matthieu Horgnies; C. Junco; A. Rodríguez; V. Calderón. 2018. "Lightweight structural eco-mortars made with polyurethane wastes and non-Ionic surfactants." Construction and Building Materials 197, no. : 157-163.
The fatigue behavior of lightweight polyurethane foam waste cement mortars was analyzed, in which the sand is replaced by polyurethane waste in volumetric proportions of 50%, 60% and 75%. For this purpose, having calculated the static modulus of elasticity of the mortars, successive loading and unloading cycles under compression are performed. These tests confirm the fatigue capacity and structural properties of the mortars, aspects that are indicative of their long-term durability and suitability for use in masonry works. Two test phases were performed with increasing and variable loads of 20% and 90% of the breaking strain, reaching 300,000 cycles in the first phase and 525,000 in the second one. Both phases showed that the cement mortars with substitutions of up to 60% of sand by polyurethane foam waste were capable of withstanding loading and unloading cycles similar to the conditions of typical masonry mortars in construction works. The results underlined the long-term durability of these lightweight recycled materials. Their good fatigue behavior could be corroborated through the images taken by computerized axial tomography. No significant fractures were observed when comparing the sections before and after the loading cycles, which indicates that no structural collapse took place.
C. Junco; A. Rodríguez; V. Calderón; C. Muñoz-Rupérez; S. Gutiérrez-González. Fatigue durability test of mortars incorporating polyurethane foam wastes. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 190, 373 -381.
AMA StyleC. Junco, A. Rodríguez, V. Calderón, C. Muñoz-Rupérez, S. Gutiérrez-González. Fatigue durability test of mortars incorporating polyurethane foam wastes. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 190 ():373-381.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. Junco; A. Rodríguez; V. Calderón; C. Muñoz-Rupérez; S. Gutiérrez-González. 2018. "Fatigue durability test of mortars incorporating polyurethane foam wastes." Construction and Building Materials 190, no. : 373-381.
In this paper, ecological masonry mortars as a new building material are design, using a mix of calcium lime and Portland cement as binder, together with steelmaking waste aggregate (Electric Arc Furnace Slag and Ladle Furnace Slag), in substitution of natural aggregate and, subsequently a comparative study was made using mathematical models. To do so, different reference mortar types were prepared with various proportions of calcium lime CL-90-S and Portland Cement CEM I 42.5 R as binder, together with a natural siliceous aggregate. Subsequently, and separately, the natural siliceous aggregate (NA) was progressively substituted by LF and EAF slags. The mixtures designed were analyzed in the laboratory through characterization tests (European Standard), and a comparative study was made with the reference mortars. Surface Response Methodology (RSM) was applied to test whether the mathematical model could acceptably predict the behaviours of these types of mortars, analytical process that allow predicting the behaviour of a material without having to complete the entire series of necessary laboratory tests. Comparing the results obtained in the laboratory and those estimated through mathematical models RSM of each of the properties, it can be affirmed that the methods of mathematical prediction were useful for the study of these ecological mortars for use in construction.
J. García-Cuadrado; Isabel Santamaría-Vicario; A. Rodríguez; Verónica Calderón; S. Gutiérrez-González. Lime-cement mortars designed with steelmaking slags as aggregates and validation study of their properties using mathematical models. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 188, 210 -220.
AMA StyleJ. García-Cuadrado, Isabel Santamaría-Vicario, A. Rodríguez, Verónica Calderón, S. Gutiérrez-González. Lime-cement mortars designed with steelmaking slags as aggregates and validation study of their properties using mathematical models. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 188 ():210-220.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. García-Cuadrado; Isabel Santamaría-Vicario; A. Rodríguez; Verónica Calderón; S. Gutiérrez-González. 2018. "Lime-cement mortars designed with steelmaking slags as aggregates and validation study of their properties using mathematical models." Construction and Building Materials 188, no. : 210-220.
The characterization of a new gypsum mortar-based composite material that incorporates various combinations of polyurethane waste in its matrix is reported in this paper. The new material, a lightweight plate for use in internal ceilings, is characterized in a series of standardized tests: bulk density, mechanical behavior, and the reaction to fire test. Moreover, the study details the industrial manufacturing process linked to the integration of waste from the plastics industry. Increased quantities of polymer waste caused significant reductions in bulk density and mechanical strength, although with reasonable behavior of the plates up to substitution levels of 50%. The non-combustibility test demonstrated the potential of the new material for interior use in buildings. The technology of the new gypsum mortar-based material and polyurethane waste could potentially maximize the reuse and the life-span of this type of waste that would otherwise be incinerated or dumped on landfill sites.
Sara Gutiérrez González; Carlos Junco; Veronica Calderon; Ángel Rodríguez Sáiz; Jesús Gadea. Design and Manufacture of a Sustainable Lightweight Prefabricated Material Based on Gypsum Mortar with Semirigid Polyurethane Foam Waste. International Congress on Polymers in Concrete (ICPIC 2018) 2018, 449 -455.
AMA StyleSara Gutiérrez González, Carlos Junco, Veronica Calderon, Ángel Rodríguez Sáiz, Jesús Gadea. Design and Manufacture of a Sustainable Lightweight Prefabricated Material Based on Gypsum Mortar with Semirigid Polyurethane Foam Waste. International Congress on Polymers in Concrete (ICPIC 2018). 2018; ():449-455.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSara Gutiérrez González; Carlos Junco; Veronica Calderon; Ángel Rodríguez Sáiz; Jesús Gadea. 2018. "Design and Manufacture of a Sustainable Lightweight Prefabricated Material Based on Gypsum Mortar with Semirigid Polyurethane Foam Waste." International Congress on Polymers in Concrete (ICPIC 2018) , no. : 449-455.
Ladle furnace slags have successfully been used in the manufacture of masonry mortars. However, this type of steelmaking waste is not easily mixed with the other components, resulting in separation of the mix water and insufficient hydration, which prevents proper setting and hardening of the mixes. Two types of new-generation admixtures were used, in order to facilitate the interaction of the LFS with the cement paste: polyacrylic ester PAE polymers and a polymeric emulsion with a high molecular weight in different proportions. Their influence on the mortar properties in the fresh state, dosed with variable amount of LF slag, is studied. The results show the greater efficiency of the polyacrylic ester PAE admixtures at retaining the mix water, guaranteeing proper hydration of the mortar components and dispersion of the cement paste and the complete hydration of the LF slag.
Ángel Rodríguez; Sara Gutiérrez-González; Isabel Santamaría-Vicario; Veronica Calderón; Carlos Junco; Jesús Gadea. Hydration in Mortars Manufactured with Ladle Furnace Slag (LFS) and the Latest Generation of Polymeric Emulsion Admixtures. International Congress on Polymers in Concrete (ICPIC 2018) 2018, 485 -490.
AMA StyleÁngel Rodríguez, Sara Gutiérrez-González, Isabel Santamaría-Vicario, Veronica Calderón, Carlos Junco, Jesús Gadea. Hydration in Mortars Manufactured with Ladle Furnace Slag (LFS) and the Latest Generation of Polymeric Emulsion Admixtures. International Congress on Polymers in Concrete (ICPIC 2018). 2018; ():485-490.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁngel Rodríguez; Sara Gutiérrez-González; Isabel Santamaría-Vicario; Veronica Calderón; Carlos Junco; Jesús Gadea. 2018. "Hydration in Mortars Manufactured with Ladle Furnace Slag (LFS) and the Latest Generation of Polymeric Emulsion Admixtures." International Congress on Polymers in Concrete (ICPIC 2018) , no. : 485-490.
The durability of using cement mortars lightened with rigid polyurethane foam waste is analysed, adding to previous research on their characterization, preparation, and manufacture carried out by the Construction Materials Research Group, University of Burgos. For this work a storage hut was built. The mortars used two types of cement: CEM II and IV; the sand was partially substituted by shredded rigid polyurethane foam waste (PFW), with substitutions by volume of sand of 50% and 75%, in accordance with the use and application of the mortar. Suitability tests were performed, after 28 days had elapsed, in relation to adhesion and, after 3 months, in relation to hardness. Once the investigation was finished, it was concluded that the mortars made with aggregates of rigid polyurethane foam waste easily mixed and placed on-site. At 28 days from application of the mortars, a tile coating was executed on one wall and on the floor. Adherence tests and surface hardness test were performed on the “in situ” rendering. Four years later new tests sustain that the adherence and the surface hardness of the mortars applied on-site was similar to laboratory levels and is sufficient for the application of these commonly used mortars.
Carlos Junco; Sara Gutiérrez; Jesús Gadea; Veronica Calderón; Ángel Rodríguez. Cement Mortars Lightened with Rigid Polyurethane Foam Waste Applied On-Site: Suitability and Durability. International Congress on Polymers in Concrete (ICPIC 2018) 2018, 457 -463.
AMA StyleCarlos Junco, Sara Gutiérrez, Jesús Gadea, Veronica Calderón, Ángel Rodríguez. Cement Mortars Lightened with Rigid Polyurethane Foam Waste Applied On-Site: Suitability and Durability. International Congress on Polymers in Concrete (ICPIC 2018). 2018; ():457-463.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Junco; Sara Gutiérrez; Jesús Gadea; Veronica Calderón; Ángel Rodríguez. 2018. "Cement Mortars Lightened with Rigid Polyurethane Foam Waste Applied On-Site: Suitability and Durability." International Congress on Polymers in Concrete (ICPIC 2018) , no. : 457-463.
The use of waste aggregates simultaneously with expanded clay to obtain lightweight masonry mortars in construction constitutes a good way for a more sustainable society. This research presents a study about the physical properties of the mortars fabricated with construction and demolition wastes and expanded clay as lightweight material by way of flexural and compressive strength, porosity and surface abrasion resistance. Computerized tomography and microporosity show a good distribution of materials and pores. The paper also contains an analysis of the influence in the durability after incorporating different proportions of recycled aggregates. The results indicate that the properties do not suffer significant changes in external appearance after accelerated aging tests as thermal shock, saline solution, freeze and thaw, resistance to SO2 and carbonation. No flaking, cracking, splitting or cracks in the specimen's outer surfaces being observed. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the masonry mortars tested performed well in all cases when exposed to external climatic atmospheres according to the international standards.
Carmelo Muñoz-Ruiperez; Angel Rodriguez; Carlos Junco; Francisco Fiol; Veronica Calderon. Durability of lightweight concrete made concurrently with waste aggregates and expanded clay. Structural Concrete 2018, 19, 1309 -1317.
AMA StyleCarmelo Muñoz-Ruiperez, Angel Rodriguez, Carlos Junco, Francisco Fiol, Veronica Calderon. Durability of lightweight concrete made concurrently with waste aggregates and expanded clay. Structural Concrete. 2018; 19 (5):1309-1317.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarmelo Muñoz-Ruiperez; Angel Rodriguez; Carlos Junco; Francisco Fiol; Veronica Calderon. 2018. "Durability of lightweight concrete made concurrently with waste aggregates and expanded clay." Structural Concrete 19, no. 5: 1309-1317.
Veronica Calderon; Sara Gutiérrez-González; Jesús Gadea; Angel Rodriguez; Carlos Junco. Construction Applications of Polyurethane Foam Wastes. Recycling of Polyurethane Foams 2018, 115 -125.
AMA StyleVeronica Calderon, Sara Gutiérrez-González, Jesús Gadea, Angel Rodriguez, Carlos Junco. Construction Applications of Polyurethane Foam Wastes. Recycling of Polyurethane Foams. 2018; ():115-125.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVeronica Calderon; Sara Gutiérrez-González; Jesús Gadea; Angel Rodriguez; Carlos Junco. 2018. "Construction Applications of Polyurethane Foam Wastes." Recycling of Polyurethane Foams , no. : 115-125.
A wide variety of modifiers have been applied to bitumen in order to enhance their properties and performance. Among them, polymers have been mainly used. The aim of this paper is to assess the use of polyurethane foam waste as a bitumen modifier for hot mix asphalts. The polyurethane foam is a by-product of the manufacturing of polyurethane for thermal insulation. From a bitumen with a penetration grade of 50/70, various samples with percentages of waste material in weight ranging from 1% to 5% were produced and tested. Samples with 5% of waste material or more became rough and were refused due to their poor workability. A bituminous mixture with modified bitumen with a 4% of polyurethane was manufactured and compared with a sample with the same aggregates and original bitumen. Results in Marshall test showed that a mix with polymer modified bitumen yielded improvements in stability and a lower deformability. This result suggests that the employment of polyurethane foam waste is a promising bitumen modifier, contributing also to recycle waste materials.
Miguel Ángel Salas; Heriberto Pérez-Acebo; Verónica Calderón; Hernán Gonzalo-Orden. Bitumen modified with recycled polyurethane foam for employment in hot mix asphalt. Ingeniería e Investigación 2018, 38, 60 -66.
AMA StyleMiguel Ángel Salas, Heriberto Pérez-Acebo, Verónica Calderón, Hernán Gonzalo-Orden. Bitumen modified with recycled polyurethane foam for employment in hot mix asphalt. Ingeniería e Investigación. 2018; 38 (1):60-66.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel Ángel Salas; Heriberto Pérez-Acebo; Verónica Calderón; Hernán Gonzalo-Orden. 2018. "Bitumen modified with recycled polyurethane foam for employment in hot mix asphalt." Ingeniería e Investigación 38, no. 1: 60-66.
Subhendu Bhandari; Harini Bhuvaneswari. G; Veronica Calderon; Janusz Datta; Aastha S. Dutta; Paris A. Fokaides; Jesús Gadea; Ewa Głowińska; Prashant Gupta; Sara Gutiérrez-González; Carlos Junco; Gaurav S. Kulkarni; Angeliki Kylili; Rabindra K. Padhan; Deepak Pant; Angel Rodriguez; Lina Seduikyte; Anvita Sheel; Andrew Shinko; Marcin Włoch. List of Contributors. Recycling of Polyurethane Foams 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleSubhendu Bhandari, Harini Bhuvaneswari. G, Veronica Calderon, Janusz Datta, Aastha S. Dutta, Paris A. Fokaides, Jesús Gadea, Ewa Głowińska, Prashant Gupta, Sara Gutiérrez-González, Carlos Junco, Gaurav S. Kulkarni, Angeliki Kylili, Rabindra K. Padhan, Deepak Pant, Angel Rodriguez, Lina Seduikyte, Anvita Sheel, Andrew Shinko, Marcin Włoch. List of Contributors. Recycling of Polyurethane Foams. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSubhendu Bhandari; Harini Bhuvaneswari. G; Veronica Calderon; Janusz Datta; Aastha S. Dutta; Paris A. Fokaides; Jesús Gadea; Ewa Głowińska; Prashant Gupta; Sara Gutiérrez-González; Carlos Junco; Gaurav S. Kulkarni; Angeliki Kylili; Rabindra K. Padhan; Deepak Pant; Angel Rodriguez; Lina Seduikyte; Anvita Sheel; Andrew Shinko; Marcin Włoch. 2018. "List of Contributors." Recycling of Polyurethane Foams , no. : 1.
Introduction:The use of polymer wastes in pavement as road is an increasing trend in the road construction sector. Those new pavements reduce the amount of solid waste disposed into landfills and provide more sustainable construction due to the use of in-situ materials. Polyurethane foam waste is a thermostable polymer being used in the form of a grey-coloured foam, a by-product of the automobile industry.Aim:The focus of this work centers on the exploitation of polyurethane foam waste in full or partial substitution of the fines and the mineral powder that form the bituminous mixtures to produce a sustainable alternative for bituminous asphalt used in pavement construction.Methods:A series of specimens were manufactured and tested for the Marshall test, with different percentages of polyurethane foam waste aggregates (50% and 100%), calculating their apparent densities.Results:The results show acceptable compatibility between the elements of bituminous concrete and the polyurethane waste, producing a reduction in both the apparent density and Marshall stability, as well as an increase in volume and an increase in deformation with higher volumes of waste in the mixture.
S. Gutiérrez-González; V. Calderón; A. Rodríguez; J. Gadea; C. Junco; I. Santamaría-Vicario. Characterization of Hot Bituminous-Asphalt Mixtures with Recycled Polyurethane Foam. The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 2017, 11, 343 -349.
AMA StyleS. Gutiérrez-González, V. Calderón, A. Rodríguez, J. Gadea, C. Junco, I. Santamaría-Vicario. Characterization of Hot Bituminous-Asphalt Mixtures with Recycled Polyurethane Foam. The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal. 2017; 11 (1):343-349.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Gutiérrez-González; V. Calderón; A. Rodríguez; J. Gadea; C. Junco; I. Santamaría-Vicario. 2017. "Characterization of Hot Bituminous-Asphalt Mixtures with Recycled Polyurethane Foam." The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 11, no. 1: 343-349.