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Yoshinori Nakagawa (2nd & Corresponding Author): Dr. Yoshinori Nakagawa, 43’ is originally from Japan, graduated from University of Tokyo Japan, with doctor in Engineering in 2005. He is currently working as an Associate Professor at the Kochi University of Technology, Kochi Japan with a broad range of expertise in experimental social science, qualitative research, psychometrics, the study of life stories, and future design. He has published many research papers journal articles in international peer-reviewed journals. He has working experience of more than 15 years.
Rural-to-urban migration contributes to the economic and social sustainability of sending communities. The aim of this study was to obtain quantitative evidence supporting the theoretical argument that (i) rural-to-urban migrants contribute to the sustainability of their sending communities, and (ii) once they return, they are likely to behave prosocially as return migrants because they feel a responsibility to apply the knowledge and skills they acquired during migration for the sake of others in their sending communities. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Hanoi, Vietnam, a typical destination city of domestic rural-to-urban migrants. Three hundred rural-to-urban migrants participated in this survey. The ultivariate regression analysis results indicate that rural-to-urban migrants contribute more to the social and economic sustainability of their rural home communities when they have spent longer in their migration destinations and have accumulated skills and knowledge because their experiences foster a sense of responsibility toward their home communities. This is the first quantitative investigation of the relationship between rural-to-urban migrants’ characteristics representing their accumulation of skills and knowledge in their destination cities and their supportive attitudes toward their home communities. This investigation seemed important because it was expected to clarify the conditions under which rural-to-urban migration stimulates migrants’ sense of responsibility and thus their contributions to the social and economic sustainability of their sending communities.
Thi Le; Yoshinori Nakagawa; Yutaka Kobayashi. Conditions under Which Rural-to-Urban Migration Enhances Social and Economic Sustainability of Home Communities: A Case Study in Vietnam. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8326 .
AMA StyleThi Le, Yoshinori Nakagawa, Yutaka Kobayashi. Conditions under Which Rural-to-Urban Migration Enhances Social and Economic Sustainability of Home Communities: A Case Study in Vietnam. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8326.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThi Le; Yoshinori Nakagawa; Yutaka Kobayashi. 2021. "Conditions under Which Rural-to-Urban Migration Enhances Social and Economic Sustainability of Home Communities: A Case Study in Vietnam." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8326.
Intergenerational problems occur when current generations choose actions that benefit them, without fully considering future generations’ needs. This study posits that the public has a general tendency to serve as the proxy of future generations willingly, and aims to develop a visual narrative intervention measure to accelerate this willingness. The narrative was created based on an interview survey with a participant in a Future Design workshop as an “imaginary future generation.” Next, a laboratory experiment was designed using this visual narrative as an intervention tool, to assess the impact of this intervention on the experimental subjects’ political preferences and their concerns for future generations. A total of 186 subjects chose their most preferred option among four options prevalent in the life of the present generation, before and after the exposure to this intervention. The exposure to this visual narrative significantly changed the participants’ preferences as the proxies for future generations. After this intervention, the subjects wished that the present generation had chosen sustainable options more different from the status quo so that future generations would not experience regret from inaction (i.e., the regret of not having performed certain actions in the present), indicating that the intervention was effective in acquiring the perspective of future generations. This study demonstrates that individuals in the present generation can be motivated to take the perspective of those in future generations.
Yoshinori Nakagawa; Tatsuyoshi Saijo. A visual narrative for taking future generations’ perspectives. Sustainability Science 2021, 16, 983 -1000.
AMA StyleYoshinori Nakagawa, Tatsuyoshi Saijo. A visual narrative for taking future generations’ perspectives. Sustainability Science. 2021; 16 (3):983-1000.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoshinori Nakagawa; Tatsuyoshi Saijo. 2021. "A visual narrative for taking future generations’ perspectives." Sustainability Science 16, no. 3: 983-1000.
There is ample evidence to indicate the direct effects of receiving social support on mental health during and after a disaster. However, the importance of reciprocal exchanges of social support (i.e., balanced receipt and provision of social support) in maintaining the mental health status of individuals is not widely recognized. Using equity theory and reciprocity norms as a conceptual base, we distinguished two types of social support, namely, emotional support and instrumental support, and examined the effects of reciprocal exchanges of types of support on depression in survivors of an earthquake-damaged community. To collect data, in 2019, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 295 survivors of the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake in a rural village in Nepal. Our results showed that the relationship between reciprocal exchange of support and depression varied depending on the types of support. The amount of emotional support received by the individual alleviated his/her depression only when accompanied by giving emotional support. By contrast, the net amount of instrumental support given by the individual increased his/her depression. The practical implications of the study are discussed.
Arpana Pandit; Yoshinori Nakagawa. How Does Reciprocal Exchange of Social Support Alleviate Individuals’ Depression in an Earthquake-Damaged Community? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1585 .
AMA StyleArpana Pandit, Yoshinori Nakagawa. How Does Reciprocal Exchange of Social Support Alleviate Individuals’ Depression in an Earthquake-Damaged Community? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (4):1585.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArpana Pandit; Yoshinori Nakagawa. 2021. "How Does Reciprocal Exchange of Social Support Alleviate Individuals’ Depression in an Earthquake-Damaged Community?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1585.
There are two approaches to future planning: backcasting and scenario planning. While some studies have attempted to relate and combine these two approaches, a future design (FD) approach has recently been advocated and researched. Given this state of affairs, the paper provides an overview of the FD approach and discusses the potential benefits of linking and incorporating it into backcasting and scenario planning by summarizing the main features of such benefits for future planning for sustainability. A feature of an FD is that it explicitly orients people’s ways of thinking in the current generation to be generative for not only their own future but also generations to come, as well as in designing a plan within a coherent timeframe by demonstrating the characteristics of being prospective and retrospective from the viewpoint of a different generation. Another feature of FD lies in strategy making through some visioning process and in redefining the boundary between what is controllable and what is uncontrollable by considering the perspectives of future generations. We consider this article as a concept paper for the special issue of “Designing Sustainable Future Societies,” building on a literature review and author’s conceptual framework. Thus, our ideas and concepts suggest some potential benefits from incorporating FD into backcasting and scenario planning, further inducing people to be future-oriented and/or sustainable in terms of strategy making. We finally demonstrate some examples of FD practices and illustrative ideas of FD incorporation, remarking on possible avenues for future research.
Raja Timilsina; Yoshinori Nakagawa; Koji Kotani. Exploring the Possibility of Linking and Incorporating Future Design in Backcasting and Scenario Planning. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9907 .
AMA StyleRaja Timilsina, Yoshinori Nakagawa, Koji Kotani. Exploring the Possibility of Linking and Incorporating Future Design in Backcasting and Scenario Planning. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):9907.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaja Timilsina; Yoshinori Nakagawa; Koji Kotani. 2020. "Exploring the Possibility of Linking and Incorporating Future Design in Backcasting and Scenario Planning." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 9907.
How the future generation’s voice can be institutionally reflected in current decision making has, for decades, attracted much attention from researchers and practitioners. To seek forms of institutionalization in which politicians elected through a conventional democratic process are allowed voluntarily to represent future generations’ voices (rather than arbitrarily attaching power to representatives), this study established a model for the psychological process in which individuals experience future generations’ perspective through deliberation, and this experience in turn motivates individuals to serve as future generations’ voluntary representatives. A questionnaire survey was conducted with participants in a deliberative experiment (the number of observations was equal to 187), and factor analysis and structural equation modeling were applied. As a result, two psychological constructs “Disengagement from the present” and “Supportive attitude toward future generations” were identified, and psychometrically sound scales for these constructs were developed. Additionally, the structural equation model for these constructs was found to have acceptable goodness of fit. The present study contributes to deepening the debate on how one can find adequate or suitable candidates to fulfill roles as future generations’ spokespersons and guardians.
Yoshinori Nakagawa; Tatsuyoshi Saijo. Can individuals caring little about future generations serve as their representatives? Futures 2020, 124, 1 .
AMA StyleYoshinori Nakagawa, Tatsuyoshi Saijo. Can individuals caring little about future generations serve as their representatives? Futures. 2020; 124 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoshinori Nakagawa; Tatsuyoshi Saijo. 2020. "Can individuals caring little about future generations serve as their representatives?" Futures 124, no. : 1.
Many serious problems occur due to conflicts between the interests of the present generation and the welfare of future generations, and thus, the actions of the preset generation may be a consequence of presentism. Drawing on the theoretical framework of metacognition, the present study investigates how presentism can be overcome through future design interventions that incorporate an imaginary future generation setting. Four workshop participants were interviewed, and transcripts of the interviews were made. There were two major findings. First, we identified narratives in the responses of participants that suggest that metacognition was active during the workshops concerning the two cognitions governed by present and future selves. Second, the narratives identified above were classified into two categories, and the two corresponding roles of metacognition were identified: the monitoring and controlling function and the harmonizing function. The former is essential for the acquisition of identity as a future person; the latter is essential for reconciling this future identity with the identity of the person in the present. The present study proposes that future design is a tool that can be used to intervene in the metacognition of individuals concerning how one chooses a temporal reference point from which to view the past, present, and future of society rather than a tool to naively motivate individuals to care for future generations.
Yoshinori Nakagawa; Tatsuyoshi Saijo. Future Design as a Metacognitive Intervention for Presentism. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7552 .
AMA StyleYoshinori Nakagawa, Tatsuyoshi Saijo. Future Design as a Metacognitive Intervention for Presentism. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (18):7552.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoshinori Nakagawa; Tatsuyoshi Saijo. 2020. "Future Design as a Metacognitive Intervention for Presentism." Sustainability 12, no. 18: 7552.
Human societies face various unsustainability problems, often characterized as “wicked” in the sense that they have no single definitive formulation. Thus, the role of creativity or insight in solving such problems has attracted a lot of attention from scholars. Therefore, this study investigated how an emerging methodology, Future Design (and its unique intervention of asking problem solvers to take a future generation’s perspective), can facilitate insight problem solving (IPS) and the generation of sustainable solutions. In a municipality in Japan, nine officers from a bureau responsible for water supply management participated in a series of seven Future Design workshops. In two groups, these officers created visions of water supply management 30 years into the future, taking the perspective of a future generation working in the same municipality. On the basis of in-depth transcription analyses of these workshops, we obtained a hypothetical framework demonstrating that four factors mediate the influence of perspective taking on IPS: (a) Discounting the present generation’s cost, (b) contrasting the future with the present, (c) deconstructing hierarchy, and (d) intellectual joy. While the first three mediators (a, b, and c) were considered to be contributors to the problem reframing and IPS via constraint relaxation, the fourth (d) was considered to do so via positive interpretation. Further, the reason why taking a future generation’s perspective is likely to lead to sustainable solutions, useful for the future—rather than the present—generation, is also discussed.
Yoshinori Nakagawa. Taking a Future Generation’s Perspective as a Facilitator of Insight Problem-Solving: Sustainable Water Supply Management. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1000 .
AMA StyleYoshinori Nakagawa. Taking a Future Generation’s Perspective as a Facilitator of Insight Problem-Solving: Sustainable Water Supply Management. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):1000.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoshinori Nakagawa. 2020. "Taking a Future Generation’s Perspective as a Facilitator of Insight Problem-Solving: Sustainable Water Supply Management." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 1000.
In an aging society that is more and more information-oriented, being able to replace human passengers’ protective effects on vehicle drivers with those of social robots is both essential and promising. However, the effects of a social robot’s presence on drivers have not yet been fully explored. Thus, using a driving simulator and a conversation robot, this experimental study had two main goals: (a) to find out whether social robots’ anthropomorphic qualities (i.e., not the practical information the robot provides drivers) have protective effects by promoting attentive driving and alleviating crash risks; and (b) by what psychological processes such effects emerge. Participants were recruited from young (n = 38), the middle-aged (n = 39), and the elderly (n = 49) age groups. They were assigned to either the treatment group (simulated driving in a conversation robot’s presence) or the control group (simulated driving alone), and their driving performance was measured. Mental states (peaceful, concentrating, and reflective) also were assessed in a post-driving questionnaire using our original scales. Although the group of older participants did not experience protective effects (perhaps due to motion sickness), the young participants drove attentively, with the robot enhancing peace of mind. The protective effect was also observed among the middle-aged participants, and the verbal data analysis ascribed this to the robot’s role of expressing sympathy, especially when the middle-aged drivers nearly had not-at-fault crashes, which caused them to be stressed. In conclusion, we discuss the practical implications of the results.
Yoshinori Nakagawa; Kaechang Park; Hirotada Ueda; Hiroshi Ono; Hiroki Miyake. Being watched over by a conversation robot may enhance safety in simulated driving. Journal of Safety Research 2019, 71, 207 -218.
AMA StyleYoshinori Nakagawa, Kaechang Park, Hirotada Ueda, Hiroshi Ono, Hiroki Miyake. Being watched over by a conversation robot may enhance safety in simulated driving. Journal of Safety Research. 2019; 71 ():207-218.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoshinori Nakagawa; Kaechang Park; Hirotada Ueda; Hiroshi Ono; Hiroki Miyake. 2019. "Being watched over by a conversation robot may enhance safety in simulated driving." Journal of Safety Research 71, no. : 207-218.
The present study aims to identify, study, and develop typologies based on cases of elderly pedestrian collisions with vehicles where the pedestrians subjectively ascribe the collision at least in part to their own self-regulation failures. Semistructured interview surveys were conducted with 18 elderly people who had experienced a crash with a vehicle as a pedestrian aged 65 years or older. Personal construct theory is adopted as the theoretical underpinning, and it is assumed that pedestrians have their own subjective ways of making sense of the crashes they are involved in. It was found that 11 of the 18 participants ascribed the crashes at least in part to their own self-regulation failures. Cognitive maps of the 11 participants had a common structure, and the associated 11 incidents were classified with respect to the following dimensions: (a) self-regulation type, (b) self-regulation motivation, (c) cause of self-regulation failure, and (d) characteristics of the collisions that occurred after the self-regulation failure. Based on these findings, practical implications are found, and corresponding interventions that may reduce elderly pedestrian–vehicle crashes of this type are discussed. Specifically, this study demonstrates the necessity of education or other intervention that goes beyond informing elderly pedestrians of what is right and wrong in traffic environments. Another critical result—the need to motivate elderly pedestrians to respect and adhere to their own highly personal self-regulation, even if it is not against the social norms—is also presented and discussed.
Yoshinori Nakagawa. Elderly pedestrians’ self-regulation failures and crash involvement: The development of typologies. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2019, 133, 105281 .
AMA StyleYoshinori Nakagawa. Elderly pedestrians’ self-regulation failures and crash involvement: The development of typologies. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2019; 133 ():105281.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoshinori Nakagawa. 2019. "Elderly pedestrians’ self-regulation failures and crash involvement: The development of typologies." Accident Analysis & Prevention 133, no. : 105281.
Several previous studies have suggested potential benefits of intergenerational retrospective viewpoints to both promote individuals’ policy preferences and resolve intergenerational sustainability issues. This study extends this line of research by conducting a deliberation experiment on the challenging issue of determining financial policy at the municipal and national levels, and assessing the versatility of this process. A total of 353 participants were allocated into retrospective and non-retrospective treatment groups. In each group, participants were asked to read the case-method material created for the study and each individual expressed his or her most preferred options, both before and after experiencing deliberation among a group of four participants. By doing so, the relationships between the roles of the retrospective treatment, individual psychological/behavioral characteristics, and deliberation were clarified. The results confirm that a retrospective assessment influences individuals’ policy preferences at the municipal level but not at the national level, suggesting that deliberation and retrospective treatment complemented each other as way to induce more subjects to choose sustainable options. We also discuss implications for the practice of stakeholder workshops such as scenario development, where the difficulty and importance of participants’ disengagement from the present has been recognized.
Yoshinori Nakagawa; Real Arai; Koji Kotani; Masanobu Nagano; Tatsuyoshi Saijo. Intergenerational retrospective viewpoint promotes financially sustainable attitude. Futures 2019, 114, 102454 .
AMA StyleYoshinori Nakagawa, Real Arai, Koji Kotani, Masanobu Nagano, Tatsuyoshi Saijo. Intergenerational retrospective viewpoint promotes financially sustainable attitude. Futures. 2019; 114 ():102454.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoshinori Nakagawa; Real Arai; Koji Kotani; Masanobu Nagano; Tatsuyoshi Saijo. 2019. "Intergenerational retrospective viewpoint promotes financially sustainable attitude." Futures 114, no. : 102454.
This phenomenological study aimed to explore the lived experiences of households after the installation of seismic hazard mitigation measures. Unlike studies aimed at identifying the causal mechanisms behind household behavior, the present study focused on the subjective meaning of these experiences. A total of 17 households that had adopted seismic retrofitting were interviewed; data from six of these households were purposefully selected and analyzed in detail using Giorgi’s phenomenological psychological method. The data were reduced to a single structure according to which the installation of the seismic hazard mitigation measure was considered a dilemma related to perceptions of vulnerability versus the awkwardness of getting started, which developed into another irreconcilable dilemma related to feeling safer versus an awareness of absolute safety. In this process, a sense of life coherence was established, which enabled the participants to accept the irreconcilability. On the basis of these findings, this study proposes a new approach of promoting earthquake preparedness, in which the central point is practitioners assisting households to create their own coherent life stories to deal with these dilemmas. It sheds light on the importance of how practitioners listen to households, rather than of how practitioners inform households.
Yoshinori Nakagawa. The lived experience of preparing for earthquakes in households: a phenomenological psychological study. Natural Hazards 2017, 88, 1825 -1844.
AMA StyleYoshinori Nakagawa. The lived experience of preparing for earthquakes in households: a phenomenological psychological study. Natural Hazards. 2017; 88 (3):1825-1844.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoshinori Nakagawa. 2017. "The lived experience of preparing for earthquakes in households: a phenomenological psychological study." Natural Hazards 88, no. 3: 1825-1844.
Critical thinking is a form of open-minded thinking that aims to gain insight into how to improve things. The focus is on criticism and applicability of the resultant knowledge. Despite the existence of theories linking the critical thinking disposition and hazard adjustment adoption, there have been no previous studies examining the association between this disposition and household earthquake preparedness. The present study intends to identify this association. Data were collected from 598 respondents through a questionnaire survey. Household earthquake preparedness was measured by the number of adjustments adopted in the household. In regression analysis, taking into account interactions between the considered variables, it was found that logical thinking awareness, a subconstruct of the critical thinking disposition, was a significant predictor of household preparedness. Furthermore, inquisitiveness, another subconstruct of critical thinking disposition, was found to moderate the association between risk perception and earthquake preparedness. This finding suggests that people who have the motivation to tackle challenging situations actually do so in the context of earthquake preparedness. The practical implications of the findings are also discussed.
Yoshinori Nakagawa. Effect of critical thinking disposition on household earthquake preparedness. Natural Hazards 2015, 81, 807 -828.
AMA StyleYoshinori Nakagawa. Effect of critical thinking disposition on household earthquake preparedness. Natural Hazards. 2015; 81 (2):807-828.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoshinori Nakagawa. 2015. "Effect of critical thinking disposition on household earthquake preparedness." Natural Hazards 81, no. 2: 807-828.
When or whether elderly drivers stop driving is concerning not only to the drivers themselves but also to their family members. Therefore, it is important for family members to take the initiative if they wish to obtain information on the likelihood of the drivers’ involvement in crashes. On the basis of the older drivers’ Everyday Behavior Questionnaire (EBQ) developed in this paper, we attempt to predict drivers’ involvement in crashes using the responses given by their family members. The results revealed that this 14-item questionnaire has a sufficient level of internal consistency as well as a significant correlation (r = 0.29) with the experience of involvement in crashes in the last three years (p < 0.01). Although the EBQ is a proxy-reported questionnaire and does not include items directly related to driving behaviors, the correlation between the EBQ and crash involvement is stronger than that of the self-reported Driver Behavior Questionnaire reported in deWinter and Dodou (2010), who conducted a meta-analysis and estimated the overall correlation among samples of earlier studies. In addition, logistic regression analysis showed that the EBQ score and the exposure to driving risks, measured by the frequency of driving, are significant predictors of involvement in crashes.
Yoshinori Nakagawa; Kaechang Park; Yasuhiko Kumagai. Elderly drivers’ everyday behavior as a predictor of crash involvement—Questionnaire responses by drivers’ family members. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2013, 50, 397 -404.
AMA StyleYoshinori Nakagawa, Kaechang Park, Yasuhiko Kumagai. Elderly drivers’ everyday behavior as a predictor of crash involvement—Questionnaire responses by drivers’ family members. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2013; 50 ():397-404.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoshinori Nakagawa; Kaechang Park; Yasuhiko Kumagai. 2013. "Elderly drivers’ everyday behavior as a predictor of crash involvement—Questionnaire responses by drivers’ family members." Accident Analysis & Prevention 50, no. : 397-404.
Objectives: The aim was to identify significant relationships between the 21 components of caregivers’ sense of burden in the Zarit Burden Interview and specific paid care services provided in Japan's long-term care insurance system. Method: We defined a service utilization level (SUL) that represents the amount of care services that caregivers were consuming. We calculated the ratios of people, among those with the same SUL value, whose sense of burden was weaker than a specific level. Finally, we conducted regression analysis and checked how this ratio varied compared to the change in SUL values. Results: For 12 among 22 components, the use of paid care services in general were significantly and linearly related with a smaller number of people having the strongest sense of burden. Several pairs of burden components and care service types were identified indicating that the type of care services effectively alleviated that burden component. Conclusions: (1) Paid care services do relieve caregivers’ sense of burden. (2) Measures to increase the ratio of people with the weakest sense of burden by encouraging the use of care services do not necessarily match those that decrease the ratio of people feeling the heaviest burden. (3) Policies that encourage caregivers to use more care services can be more effective if policy makers know which type of care service is related with a burden component.
Yoshinori Nakagawa; Seigo Nasu. Association between components of family caregivers’ sense of burden and types of paid care services provided in Japan. Aging & Mental Health 2011, 15, 687 -701.
AMA StyleYoshinori Nakagawa, Seigo Nasu. Association between components of family caregivers’ sense of burden and types of paid care services provided in Japan. Aging & Mental Health. 2011; 15 (6):687-701.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoshinori Nakagawa; Seigo Nasu. 2011. "Association between components of family caregivers’ sense of burden and types of paid care services provided in Japan." Aging & Mental Health 15, no. 6: 687-701.
This paper proposes an AHP based statistical method for the design of a comprehensive policy alternative, AHPo, for solving societal problems that require a multifaceted approach. In the proposed method, criteria relevant to the goal or focus are structured in the same way as in the conventional AHP. However, these two methods are quite different in regard to the method of quantification. The new method predicts or analyses the impact of the policy alternatives on the overall goal. In other words, it predicts or rationalizes the way people appreciate the situation in which an alternative is adopted and implemented. It will serve as a tool for supporting (especially political) decision making.
Yoshinori Nakagawa; Seigo Nasu; Taiki Saito; Nobuyoshi Yamaguchi. Analytic hierarchy based policy design method (AHPo) for solving societal problems that require a multifaceted approach. European Journal of Operational Research 2010, 207, 1545 -1553.
AMA StyleYoshinori Nakagawa, Seigo Nasu, Taiki Saito, Nobuyoshi Yamaguchi. Analytic hierarchy based policy design method (AHPo) for solving societal problems that require a multifaceted approach. European Journal of Operational Research. 2010; 207 (3):1545-1553.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoshinori Nakagawa; Seigo Nasu; Taiki Saito; Nobuyoshi Yamaguchi. 2010. "Analytic hierarchy based policy design method (AHPo) for solving societal problems that require a multifaceted approach." European Journal of Operational Research 207, no. 3: 1545-1553.
Tsuyoshi Kariya; Yoshinori Nakagawa; Seigo Nasu. CONSTRUCTION OF METHODOLOGY CONCERNING PLAN OF POLICY AND MEASURES AND ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. SOCIOTECHNICA 2008, 5, 68 -77.
AMA StyleTsuyoshi Kariya, Yoshinori Nakagawa, Seigo Nasu. CONSTRUCTION OF METHODOLOGY CONCERNING PLAN OF POLICY AND MEASURES AND ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. SOCIOTECHNICA. 2008; 5 ():68-77.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTsuyoshi Kariya; Yoshinori Nakagawa; Seigo Nasu. 2008. "CONSTRUCTION OF METHODOLOGY CONCERNING PLAN OF POLICY AND MEASURES AND ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM." SOCIOTECHNICA 5, no. : 68-77.