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Ana Paula Barreira
Center for Advanced Studies in Management and Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000, Faro, Portugal

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Journal article
Published: 14 August 2021 in Journal of Environmental Management
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The concept of nature-based solutions (NBSs) has become increasingly popular among urban policymakers and planners to help them tackle the urban challenges arising from urban expansion and climate change. Stakeholders' involvement is a fundamental step, and stakeholders' perceptions and preferences can affect the development of NBS projects. This study aims to identify stakeholders' perceptions of the most critical urban challenges, the priority interventions, the preferred NBSs and the benefits of the NBSs, and to identify the determinants of these perceptions. A survey was administered to assess stakeholders' perceptions and views on implementing NBSs in two Portuguese cities with distinct urban, geographical, and socio-economic contexts. A binary logistic regression model was used to understand the determinants of the likelihood of the stakeholders’ answers. According to the stakeholders, climate change is one of the main concerns in the urban context. It is usually associated with the incidence of heatwaves and water scarcity. Additionally, stakeholders are concerned about the low quantity and poor management of green spaces (GSs). They believe that it will be necessary to increase the GS, to recover some degraded areas, and to increase mobility. The preferred NBSs were planting more urban trees, making green shaded areas, and rehabilitating riverbanks. The main expected benefits were benefits for leisure and relaxation, reductions in air temperature, purer air, and improvements in public health. The results showed mostly coherent connections between the main concerns/priorities of the stakeholders and the perceived NBS benefits; however, some stakeholders did not present coherent connections, indicating low awareness of the current policy for implementing NBSs to overcome existing and future urban challenges.

ACS Style

Vera Ferreira; Ana Paula Barreira; Luís Loures; Dulce Antunes; Thomas Panagopoulos. Stakeholders’ perceptions of appropriate nature-based solutions in the urban context. Journal of Environmental Management 2021, 298, 113502 .

AMA Style

Vera Ferreira, Ana Paula Barreira, Luís Loures, Dulce Antunes, Thomas Panagopoulos. Stakeholders’ perceptions of appropriate nature-based solutions in the urban context. Journal of Environmental Management. 2021; 298 ():113502.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vera Ferreira; Ana Paula Barreira; Luís Loures; Dulce Antunes; Thomas Panagopoulos. 2021. "Stakeholders’ perceptions of appropriate nature-based solutions in the urban context." Journal of Environmental Management 298, no. : 113502.

Research article
Published: 11 December 2020 in International Regional Science Review
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The quality of life (QoL) in cities has increasingly been used as a symbol of urban success. Studies addressing this issue tend to focus, however, on large cities and/or on cities from different countries. By using a set of data from a single country, comprehending cities with different population sizes and densities, observations for 11 performance dimensions, and an approach combining the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique and multivariate regression modeling, this study analyses the QoL of Portuguese cities and explores some of its determinants. The results of this analysis show that both small and large cities can offer high levels of QoL with “transport and accessibility,” “safety,” “housing,” “education,” and “culture and entertainment” being the dimensions that most contribute to the QoL assessment. While Lisbon and Oporto (the two largest Portuguese cities) are benchmark cities, some of the highly populated cities located in their Metropolitan Areas present the most potential for improvement in terms of QoL. The results also show that cities located in the hinterland tend to present higher QoL scores than those on the coast. Equally, cities with lower population size and density, those that are district capitals and those with higher per capita current public expenditures present higher levels of QoL. These findings suggest, therefore, that the cities’ typology, their population size and density, and their dependence from local governments’ public expenditures can significantly contribute to the differences identified in their QoL performance.

ACS Style

Ana Paula Barreira; Carla Amado; Sérgio Santos; Jorge Andraz; Maria Helena Guimarães. Assessment and Determinants of the Quality of Life in Portuguese Cities. International Regional Science Review 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Ana Paula Barreira, Carla Amado, Sérgio Santos, Jorge Andraz, Maria Helena Guimarães. Assessment and Determinants of the Quality of Life in Portuguese Cities. International Regional Science Review. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Paula Barreira; Carla Amado; Sérgio Santos; Jorge Andraz; Maria Helena Guimarães. 2020. "Assessment and Determinants of the Quality of Life in Portuguese Cities." International Regional Science Review , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 31 July 2020 in Revista Produção e Desenvolvimento
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Purpose: This article identifies the Brazilian cities that showed urban decline in the period between 1970 and 2010 based on the country's official census conducted by the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics). Based on this identification, analysis of the behaviors presented by the cities with population loss allows separate them according to the two theories that explain the loss of population: life cycle and persistent decline. Methodology: The article compares the Brazilian situation with countries from other continents, namely Europe, which also showed population decline in the cities. Findings: The results show a diversity of situations, whereby the population decline of cities is not a generalized phenomenon nor inevitable. Implication: This analysis allows the discussion about whether the loss of inhabitants in some cities is an inevitable part of a country's development process in the sense that as countries increase their development indices also increases the number of cities with population loss. Originality: This paper provides a comprehensive portrait of the lost of inhabitants in the Brazilian cities. The article is the first to analyze the population trajectory of all Brazilian cities, covering a period of four decades.

ACS Style

Beatriz Rennó Biscalchim; Ana Barreira. CITIES THAT ARE LOSING INHABITANTS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE BRAZILIAN REALITY. Revista Produção e Desenvolvimento 2020, 6, 1 .

AMA Style

Beatriz Rennó Biscalchim, Ana Barreira. CITIES THAT ARE LOSING INHABITANTS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE BRAZILIAN REALITY. Revista Produção e Desenvolvimento. 2020; 6 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beatriz Rennó Biscalchim; Ana Barreira. 2020. "CITIES THAT ARE LOSING INHABITANTS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE BRAZILIAN REALITY." Revista Produção e Desenvolvimento 6, no. : 1.

Review
Published: 15 January 2020 in Sustainability
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Cities are facing a broad range of social and environmental challenges due to the current pressure of global urbanization. Nature-based solutions aim to utilize green infrastructure to improve people’s health and wellbeing. The design of urban environments must embrace the individual ideals of citizens and stakeholders which can only be achieved if effective methods of communication, involvement, and feedback are ensured. Such a procedure creates trust during its implementation, helping to take ownership and stewardship of processes and sites. This systematic literature review explores the current state of the art regarding citizen and stakeholder participation in nature-based solutions (NBS). The search on the SCOPUS database identified 142 papers in total that met the inclusion criteria. The participation analysis was separated in two areas: (a) analysis of perceptions, preferences, and perspectives of citizens and stakeholders, and (b) analysis of the participation process, including challenges and opportunities, motivations, methods and frameworks, and collaborative governance. The results revealed that stakeholder and citizen participation or collaboration in nature-based solutions is increasingly recognized as promising; however, research in several related domains is still lacking.

ACS Style

Vera Ferreira; Ana Barreira; Luís Loures; Dulce Antunes; Thomas Panagopoulos. Stakeholders’ Engagement on Nature-Based Solutions: A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability 2020, 12, 640 .

AMA Style

Vera Ferreira, Ana Barreira, Luís Loures, Dulce Antunes, Thomas Panagopoulos. Stakeholders’ Engagement on Nature-Based Solutions: A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (2):640.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vera Ferreira; Ana Barreira; Luís Loures; Dulce Antunes; Thomas Panagopoulos. 2020. "Stakeholders’ Engagement on Nature-Based Solutions: A Systematic Literature Review." Sustainability 12, no. 2: 640.

Full article
Published: 29 March 2019 in Papers in Regional Science
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This study compares the Quality of Life (QoL) of cities that lost population with that of cities that gained population. A unique dataset composed of observations for 11 dimensions of QoL for all mainland Portuguese cities is used. By employing a non‐parametric approach (Data Envelopment Analysis), and by using a Malmquist‐type index, this study identifies differences in QoL between the group of cities that lost population and the group of cities that gained population, as well as differences within each group. Despite the heterogeneity in cities that shrunk, this group presents, on average, higher QoL than cities that have grown.

ACS Style

Carla Alexandra Filipe Amado; Ana Paula Barreira; Sérgio Santos; Maria Helena Guimarães. Comparing the quality of life of cities that gained and lost population: An assessment with DEA and the Malmquist index. Papers in Regional Science 2019, 98, 2075 -2097.

AMA Style

Carla Alexandra Filipe Amado, Ana Paula Barreira, Sérgio Santos, Maria Helena Guimarães. Comparing the quality of life of cities that gained and lost population: An assessment with DEA and the Malmquist index. Papers in Regional Science. 2019; 98 (5):2075-2097.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carla Alexandra Filipe Amado; Ana Paula Barreira; Sérgio Santos; Maria Helena Guimarães. 2019. "Comparing the quality of life of cities that gained and lost population: An assessment with DEA and the Malmquist index." Papers in Regional Science 98, no. 5: 2075-2097.

Research article
Published: 23 April 2018 in International Journal of Tourism Research
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The dissimilar ways in which tourists assess the attributes of a tourism destination in different seasons is an issue scarcely addressed in the literature. Here, we show that the characteristics of a tourism destination (the Algarve region, Portugal) are rated differently in peak (summer) and off‐peak (autumn/winter) seasons. Nationality is decisive in explaining the different assessments between seasons of the factors that group subsets of 17 attributes of the tourism destination. In general, the factors that are rated higher by domestic tourists during the summer are the same as those that are rated higher by foreign tourists in the autumn/winter.

ACS Style

Ana Paula Barreira; Marisa Cesário. Factors influencing the choice of the Algarve region as a tourist destination: Does season matter? International Journal of Tourism Research 2018, 20, 578 -587.

AMA Style

Ana Paula Barreira, Marisa Cesário. Factors influencing the choice of the Algarve region as a tourist destination: Does season matter? International Journal of Tourism Research. 2018; 20 (5):578-587.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Paula Barreira; Marisa Cesário. 2018. "Factors influencing the choice of the Algarve region as a tourist destination: Does season matter?" International Journal of Tourism Research 20, no. 5: 578-587.

Original articles
Published: 05 March 2018 in International Journal of Urban Sciences
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Creating liveable cities is a policy priority, especially for cities that are experiencing population loss. A decline in the number of inhabitants is commonly associated with low levels of residential satisfaction. However, such a supposition does not often find empirical support in shrinking cities. In the present study, we identify variables that influence the level of residential satisfaction, as well as those influencing residential attraction (captured by the intention of current residents to leave their city in the near future). The study is based on a face-to-face questionnaire administered to 701 residents in four shrinking Portuguese cities. As expected, lower levels of residential satisfaction lead to an increased intention to leave the city. The results also show that the variables explaining residential satisfaction mostly differ from those explaining residential attractiveness. The specific characteristics of each city influence citizens’ assessment of residential satisfaction, but the variables impacting residential attractiveness are universal.

ACS Style

Ana Paula Barreira; Luís Catela Nunes; Maria Helena Guimarães; Thomas Panagopoulos. Satisfied but thinking about leaving: the reasons behind residential satisfaction and residential attractiveness in shrinking Portuguese cities. International Journal of Urban Sciences 2018, 23, 67 -87.

AMA Style

Ana Paula Barreira, Luís Catela Nunes, Maria Helena Guimarães, Thomas Panagopoulos. Satisfied but thinking about leaving: the reasons behind residential satisfaction and residential attractiveness in shrinking Portuguese cities. International Journal of Urban Sciences. 2018; 23 (1):67-87.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Paula Barreira; Luís Catela Nunes; Maria Helena Guimarães; Thomas Panagopoulos. 2018. "Satisfied but thinking about leaving: the reasons behind residential satisfaction and residential attractiveness in shrinking Portuguese cities." International Journal of Urban Sciences 23, no. 1: 67-87.

Book chapter
Published: 16 June 2017 in Community Quality-of-Life and Well-Being
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Research into shrinking cities (population decline) has captured the attention of scholars as the phenomenon spreads in Europe. Empirical studies have shown that residents in shrinking cities experience satisfaction from living in cities with declining populations. This paper examines how inhabitants in shrinking cities assess their level of residential satisfaction and the features that make their city attractive, using a face-to-face questionnaire survey (N = 701) conducted in four Portuguese cities that have been experiencing population decline over the last two decades (1991–2011). The results show that individuals’ levels of residential satisfaction are high in shrinking cities. Inhabitants’ expressed level of residential satisfaction does not mean that they are not confronted with residential issues that may impel them to move out of the cities. As such, assessing residential satisfaction may be different from measuring the attractive and unattractive features of a city as a place to live. The attributes of the cities that gave higher levels of residential satisfaction varied substantially between cities, but the most important attributes for making cities attractive places in which to live varied only slightly. When respondents were asked about the existing attributes that may impel individuals to move out, economic attributes emerged as the most important, but in only a few cases were those attributes related to residential dissatisfaction. Accordingly, no single answer can be provided to the question of whether a city’s attractiveness or citizens’ residential satisfaction matters more. Either the former or the latter may be considered more important depending on whether shrinkage reversion or shrinkage acceptance, respectively, is the strategy adopted by a particular city.

ACS Style

Ana Paula Barreira; Maria Helena Guimarães; Thomas Panagopoulos. What Is More Important to Residents: A City’s Attractiveness or Citizens’ Residential Satisfaction? An Analysis of the Explanatory Attributes in Shrinking Cities of Portugal. Community Quality-of-Life and Well-Being 2017, 129 -151.

AMA Style

Ana Paula Barreira, Maria Helena Guimarães, Thomas Panagopoulos. What Is More Important to Residents: A City’s Attractiveness or Citizens’ Residential Satisfaction? An Analysis of the Explanatory Attributes in Shrinking Cities of Portugal. Community Quality-of-Life and Well-Being. 2017; ():129-151.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Paula Barreira; Maria Helena Guimarães; Thomas Panagopoulos. 2017. "What Is More Important to Residents: A City’s Attractiveness or Citizens’ Residential Satisfaction? An Analysis of the Explanatory Attributes in Shrinking Cities of Portugal." Community Quality-of-Life and Well-Being , no. : 129-151.

Journal article
Published: 25 April 2017 in Growth and Change
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Despite the worldwide trend of urbanisation, data reveal that some cities are growing whereas others are losing inhabitants. To assess such dynamics in Portuguese cities, demographic, employment, housing, and climate variables were analysed as possible drivers of population change for the period 1991–2011. Panel data models show that higher shares of employment in the secondary and tertiary sectors, higher maximum temperatures, and a higher proportion of middle-aged vacant houses act as pull factors attracting inhabitants, whereas a higher unemployment rate is a push factor for cities.

ACS Style

Ana Paula Barreira; Joaquim J. S. Ramalho; Thomas Panagopoulos; Maria Helena Guimarães. Factors Driving the Population Growth and Decline of Portuguese Cities. Growth and Change 2017, 48, 853 -868.

AMA Style

Ana Paula Barreira, Joaquim J. S. Ramalho, Thomas Panagopoulos, Maria Helena Guimarães. Factors Driving the Population Growth and Decline of Portuguese Cities. Growth and Change. 2017; 48 (4):853-868.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Paula Barreira; Joaquim J. S. Ramalho; Thomas Panagopoulos; Maria Helena Guimarães. 2017. "Factors Driving the Population Growth and Decline of Portuguese Cities." Growth and Change 48, no. 4: 853-868.

Articles
Published: 06 May 2016 in Urban Research & Practice
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The number of cities experiencing population decline has been increasing worldwide. Despite the existence of theoretical propositions of shrinkage as an opportunity to increase levels of residential satisfaction, the issue has not been addressed empirically. This article contributes to fill this gap by assessing, through survey, the residential satisfaction of inhabitants of four shrinking Portuguese cities. Data were analysed by means of a tree-decision approach: the Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection analysis. A sense of safety is the feature that best discriminates inhabitants’ level of residential satisfaction. The results show that shrinkage due to deindustrialisation processes is detrimental to residential satisfaction.

ACS Style

Ana Paula Barreira; Dora Agapito; Thomas Panagopoulos; Maria Helena Guimarães. Exploring residential satisfaction in shrinking cities: a decision-tree approach. Urban Research & Practice 2016, 1 -22.

AMA Style

Ana Paula Barreira, Dora Agapito, Thomas Panagopoulos, Maria Helena Guimarães. Exploring residential satisfaction in shrinking cities: a decision-tree approach. Urban Research & Practice. 2016; ():1-22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Paula Barreira; Dora Agapito; Thomas Panagopoulos; Maria Helena Guimarães. 2016. "Exploring residential satisfaction in shrinking cities: a decision-tree approach." Urban Research & Practice , no. : 1-22.

Articles
Published: 30 April 2016 in European Planning Studies
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The attractiveness of cities as places to live determines population movements into or out of them. Understanding the appealing features is fundamental to local governments, particularly for cities facing population decline. Pull and push attributes can include economic aspects, the availability of amenities and psychological constructs, initiating a discussion around which factors are more relevant for migration. However, such discussion has been underexplored in studies of shrinking cities. In the present study, we contribute to the discussion by identifying pull and push factors in Portuguese shrinking cities. Data were collected using a face-to-face questionnaire of 701 residents in four shrinking cities: Oporto, Barreiro, Peso da Régua and Moura. Factor analysis and automatic linear modelling were used to analyse the data. Our results show that the economic activity is the most relevant feature for retaining residents. However, characteristics specific to each city, related to heritage and natural beauty, are also shown to influence a city’s attractiveness. The cause of population shrinkage was also found to influence residents’ assessments of the pull and push attributes of each city. Furthermore, the results show the relevance of social ties and of place attachment to inhabitants’ intention to continue living in their city of residence.

ACS Style

Maria Helena Guimarães; Luis Catela Nunes; Ana Paula Barreira; Thomas Panagopoulos. What makes people stay in or leave shrinking cities? An empirical study from Portugal. European Planning Studies 2016, 24, 1 -25.

AMA Style

Maria Helena Guimarães, Luis Catela Nunes, Ana Paula Barreira, Thomas Panagopoulos. What makes people stay in or leave shrinking cities? An empirical study from Portugal. European Planning Studies. 2016; 24 (9):1-25.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Helena Guimarães; Luis Catela Nunes; Ana Paula Barreira; Thomas Panagopoulos. 2016. "What makes people stay in or leave shrinking cities? An empirical study from Portugal." European Planning Studies 24, no. 9: 1-25.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2016 in Cities
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Cities develop according to different patterns, undergoing population growth during some periods and decline (shrinkage) during others. Theories attempting to understand these behaviours include: 1) shrinkage is a natural process in the life cycle of a city, alternating with periods of growth, or 2) shrinkage is an extreme event that places cities into a continuous decline process with no return to population growth. We use retrospective data over a period of 130 years to study 25 Portuguese cities currently facing population decline, and show that both theories coexist in time and space. Five types of shrinking city are revealed: “Persistent Early Shrinkage” due to exodus from the rural periphery, “Metropolitan Shrinkage” due to the challenges of urban sprawl, “Recent Shrinkage” in de-industrialisation hotspots, “Cyclic Shrinkage” occurring in political transformation cores, and “Mild Shrinkage” due to life-style disamenity. As diversity of city population trajectories appears to be the norm in both Portugal and other Western European countries, the incorporation of this range into the management of urban transitions is recommended in order to reinforce city resilience.

ACS Style

Daniel Alves; Ana Paula Barreira; Maria Helena Guimarães; Thomas Panagopoulos. Historical trajectories of currently shrinking Portuguese cities: A typology of urban shrinkage. Cities 2016, 52, 20 -29.

AMA Style

Daniel Alves, Ana Paula Barreira, Maria Helena Guimarães, Thomas Panagopoulos. Historical trajectories of currently shrinking Portuguese cities: A typology of urban shrinkage. Cities. 2016; 52 ():20-29.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Alves; Ana Paula Barreira; Maria Helena Guimarães; Thomas Panagopoulos. 2016. "Historical trajectories of currently shrinking Portuguese cities: A typology of urban shrinkage." Cities 52, no. : 20-29.

Articles
Published: 24 February 2016 in Policy Studies
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Cities facing a continued and prolonged process of population decline require innovative urban regeneration policies complementary to growth-oriented policies. Losing inhabitants involves a decrease in economic activity and social capital. Therefore citizens’ participation in defining policies to cope with population decline is being increasingly advocated. This research focused on four shrinking cities of Portugal to capture residents’ knowledge about the strengths and weaknesses of their city of residence as well as the policies and actions they prioritized for dealing with the population decline. The responses from 701 questionnaires show that economic revival policies as well as safety and accessibility policies were preferred. To put these policies into action, the recovery of industrial activity, the creation of business incubators, an improvement in law enforcement, and public lighting were ranked as top priorities. Rank-ordered logistic regression models were used to understand which variables influenced the residents’ rankings. We found that the evaluation of the city's characteristics impact the ranking of the policies and actions. Hence, residents show a high level of coherence when engaging in a discussion at the level of policy-making. Therefore, the findings support residents’ involvement in decision-making processes regarding urban regeneration in shrinking cities.

ACS Style

Maria Helena Guimarães; Luis Catela Nunes; Ana Paula Barreira; Thomas Panagopoulos. Residents’ preferred policy actions for shrinking cities. Policy Studies 2016, 37, 1 -20.

AMA Style

Maria Helena Guimarães, Luis Catela Nunes, Ana Paula Barreira, Thomas Panagopoulos. Residents’ preferred policy actions for shrinking cities. Policy Studies. 2016; 37 (3):1-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Helena Guimarães; Luis Catela Nunes; Ana Paula Barreira; Thomas Panagopoulos. 2016. "Residents’ preferred policy actions for shrinking cities." Policy Studies 37, no. 3: 1-20.

Articles
Published: 01 February 2016 in Tourism Planning & Development
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The Algarve is an internationally recognized tourist destination. The identification by tourists of the most valued attributes of this destination helps to explain the touristic demand for the Algarve. As such, the aim of this paper is twofold: to understand how tourists’ socio-demographic profile influences their assessment of the main pull attributes of the Algarve, and to understand how such assessment affects the length of stay. Data were collected using a face-to-face questionnaire survey of 554 recently arrived tourists. Our results generally support previous findings. However, two results are unexpected: (1) despite “sun and beach” being the most valued attribute of the Algarve, more educated tourists value the attribute in a complementary manner with other attributes; and (2) first-time tourists from northern European countries are less impressed with the attributes of the Algarve, and, consequently, stay for shorter periods of time compared with other tourists.

ACS Style

Ana Paula Barreira; Marisa Cesário; Maria Teresa De Noronha. Pull attributes of the Algarve: the tourists’ view. Tourism Planning & Development 2016, 14, 1 -23.

AMA Style

Ana Paula Barreira, Marisa Cesário, Maria Teresa De Noronha. Pull attributes of the Algarve: the tourists’ view. Tourism Planning & Development. 2016; 14 (1):1-23.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Paula Barreira; Marisa Cesário; Maria Teresa De Noronha. 2016. "Pull attributes of the Algarve: the tourists’ view." Tourism Planning & Development 14, no. 1: 1-23.

Original articles
Published: 01 January 2015 in Regional Studies, Regional Science
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Population decline in cities (‘shrinking cities’) is an increasing international phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to determine citizens’ policy preferences for tackling shrinkage and to ascertain whether different causes of shrinkage lead to different preferences, on the basis of which we identify viable urban regeneration strategies to implement in Portugal’s shrinking cities. This information was obtained by a face-to-face questionnaire survey of 701 residents in four case study cities, who were asked to rank five types of policy: economic revival, safety and accessibility, public services, building interventions, and environmental actions. The results show no differences between cities regarding the policy identified by residents as being most important (economic revival). However, differences between cities in the second and third most important policies were observed and are linked to the particularities of shrinkage in each city. Furthermore, we found a strong link between the ranking of the policies and the demographic and socioeconomic profiles of respondents, which also differ between cities. Younger respondents ranked economic revival higher, whereas older residents ranked safety and accessibility higher. Building rehabilitation was ranked as important mostly by lower-income residents, whereas improvement in public services was identified as being important by the residents of smaller cities in the interior of the country. Giving voice to citizens and allowing them input into policy options appears to be of value for defining the most appropriate policies to apply in shrinking cities.

ACS Style

Thomas Panagopoulos; Maria Helena Guimarães; Ana Barreira. Influences on citizens’ policy preferences for shrinking cities: a case study of four Portuguese cities. Regional Studies, Regional Science 2015, 2, 141 -170.

AMA Style

Thomas Panagopoulos, Maria Helena Guimarães, Ana Barreira. Influences on citizens’ policy preferences for shrinking cities: a case study of four Portuguese cities. Regional Studies, Regional Science. 2015; 2 (1):141-170.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thomas Panagopoulos; Maria Helena Guimarães; Ana Barreira. 2015. "Influences on citizens’ policy preferences for shrinking cities: a case study of four Portuguese cities." Regional Studies, Regional Science 2, no. 1: 141-170.

Preprint
Published: 01 January 2015
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The relative attractiveness of cities as places to live determines population movements in or out of them. Understanding the appealing features of a city is fundamental to local governments, particularly for cities facing population decline. Pull and push attributes of cities can include economic aspects, the availability of amenities and psychological constructs, initiating a discussion around which factors are more relevant in explaining migration. However, a pull–push approach has been underexplored in studies of shrinking cities. In the present study, we contribute to the discussion by identifying pull and push factors in Portuguese shrinking cities. Data were collected using a face-to-face questionnaire survey of 701 residents in four shrinking cities: Oporto, Barreiro, Peso da Régua and Moura. Factor analysis and automatic linear modelling were used to analyse the data. Our results support previous findings that the economic activity of a city is the most relevant feature for retaining residents. However, other characteristics specific to each city, especially those related to heritage and natural beauty, are also shown to influence a city’s attractiveness as a place to live. The cause of population shrinkage is also found to influence residents’ assessments of the pull and push attributes of each city. Furthermore, the results show the relevance of social ties and of place attachment to inhabitants’ intention to continue living in their city of residence. JEL codes:

ACS Style

Maria Helena Guimarães; Luís Catela Nunes; Ana Paula Barreira; Thomas Panagopoulos. What makes people stay in or leave shrinking cities? An empirical study from Portugal. 2015, 1 .

AMA Style

Maria Helena Guimarães, Luís Catela Nunes, Ana Paula Barreira, Thomas Panagopoulos. What makes people stay in or leave shrinking cities? An empirical study from Portugal. . 2015; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Helena Guimarães; Luís Catela Nunes; Ana Paula Barreira; Thomas Panagopoulos. 2015. "What makes people stay in or leave shrinking cities? An empirical study from Portugal." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2012 in Built Environment
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ACS Style

Thomas Panagopoulos; Ana Paula Barreira. Shrinkage Perceptions and Smart Growth Strategies for the Municipalities of Portugal. Built Environment 2012, 38, 276 -292.

AMA Style

Thomas Panagopoulos, Ana Paula Barreira. Shrinkage Perceptions and Smart Growth Strategies for the Municipalities of Portugal. Built Environment. 2012; 38 (2):276-292.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thomas Panagopoulos; Ana Paula Barreira. 2012. "Shrinkage Perceptions and Smart Growth Strategies for the Municipalities of Portugal." Built Environment 38, no. 2: 276-292.