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François Gravelle
Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada

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Original paper
Published: 25 July 2020 in International Journal of the Sociology of Leisure
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This conceptual article looks at some benchmarks about the need to develop a social policy on leisure(s)/recreation in Canada. In fact, there is a fundamental movement to ensure that this global earthly reality with many dimensions, including sporting practices, are subject to a more rigorous legislation by meeting the urgency of the situation caused firstly by the misunderstanding of the monochrone and polychrone time as well as the episodic socio-economical problems. Relationships between three humanity models, namely —the homo faber –person at work, the homo religious –person-related-to-the-religious/spiritual, and the homo ludens –person at play— are inextricably linked and implied the spiritual model of leisure(s) entitled the homo faber-religious-ludens where persons can identify themselves through the specificity of this continuum within the post-secular era. Some pragmatic stance is finally taken to create a better synergy of leisure(s)/recreation and sporting practices regenerating the social fabric about the Canadian mosaic perspective in the communities of the social world especially from the personalist point of view which will also have a beneficial health outcome during this sanitary crisis cause by the Covid-19 pandemic context on Earth.

ACS Style

Gervais Deschênes; François Gravelle. The Current Need to Develop a Social Policy on Leisure(s)/Recreation from a Personalist Point of View — A Brief Look at the Canadian Reality. International Journal of the Sociology of Leisure 2020, 3, 345 -367.

AMA Style

Gervais Deschênes, François Gravelle. The Current Need to Develop a Social Policy on Leisure(s)/Recreation from a Personalist Point of View — A Brief Look at the Canadian Reality. International Journal of the Sociology of Leisure. 2020; 3 (4):345-367.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gervais Deschênes; François Gravelle. 2020. "The Current Need to Develop a Social Policy on Leisure(s)/Recreation from a Personalist Point of View — A Brief Look at the Canadian Reality." International Journal of the Sociology of Leisure 3, no. 4: 345-367.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2020 in Sustainability
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The main purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of non-mega sporting events on the perception of negative externalities of host residents. The detailed aim of the study was to examine whether the inhabitants of the city feel the negative effects of organizing sporting events (communication problems or inappropriate behavior of supporters) and do they believe that these events increase the level of crime in the city or, despite these inconveniences, they are satisfied with the organization of sporting events in their place of residence. The case study is the city of Poznan and two, well-known events in this agglomeration. The first one is the Poznan Half Marathon—medium scale mass event, the second one is Cavaliada—elite international equestrian event. The theoretical part of this article presents the meaning of sporting events organization for tourism industry and indicates the positive and negative effects this kind of tourism brings to host cities. The whole refers to the theoretical foundations of the term of “overtourism”. The second part of the manuscript presents empirical research results, between 774 active and passive participants, which was conducted by the method of diagnostic survey. The results of this research show that both athletes as well as fans of the Half Marathon said that the Poznan Half Marathon event causes bothersome communication problems in the city and some other social problems. The inhabitants only experience minor inconveniences that felt as a result of organizing sporting events in the city. The negative impact of Cavaliada was very low. For checking the differences between the two examined groups of respondents: Half Marathon fans and Cavaliada fans, Chi-square test and U Mann Whitney’s test was used. The participants feel bothersome communication problems that cause the Half Marathon and have an average level of dissatisfaction higher than the average level of dissatisfaction of Cavaliada participants. Moreover, the participants in the Half Marathon have an average level of satisfaction with the organization of sports events in Poznan significantly lower than the average level of satisfaction of Cavaliada participants. Therefore, an elite equestrian sporting event is less burdensome for its residents and gives them more satisfaction.

ACS Style

Joanna Poczta; Agata Dąbrowska; Marek Kazimierczak; François Gravelle; Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko. Overtourism and Medium Scale Sporting Events Organisations—the Perception of Negative Externalities by Host Residents. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2827 .

AMA Style

Joanna Poczta, Agata Dąbrowska, Marek Kazimierczak, François Gravelle, Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko. Overtourism and Medium Scale Sporting Events Organisations—the Perception of Negative Externalities by Host Residents. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (7):2827.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joanna Poczta; Agata Dąbrowska; Marek Kazimierczak; François Gravelle; Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko. 2020. "Overtourism and Medium Scale Sporting Events Organisations—the Perception of Negative Externalities by Host Residents." Sustainability 12, no. 7: 2827.

Journal article
Published: 16 January 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The aim of the study was to investigate if years of running experience influence the motivations of marathon athletes. An empirical study was conducted during the last (20th) PKO Poznan Marathon, one of the largest and most popular mass running events in Poland, which was held in Poznan (Poland) in October 2019. A total of 493 marathon runners (29% of whom were female, and 71% of whom were male) took part in the cross-sectional study, which used the diagnostic survey method. The questionnaire employed the division of motives from the motivation of marathoners scale (MOMS) by Masters et al., adapted to the Polish language by Dybala. Running motivations have already been analysed for variables such as age, gender and place of residence, but there is a research gap regarding existing research, as the relationship between motivations and running experience has not yet been studied. One-way analysis of variance for independent samples was used to verify statistical hypotheses. Prior to making the relevant calculations, the assumption of homogeneity of variance was checked via Levene’s test. Variances were assessed with an F-test, and if they were unequal, Welch’s correction was applied. Eta squared (η2) was used as a measure of effect size. The calculations carried out showed that running experience was not a statistically significant factor in the motivations of runners taking part in a marathon.

ACS Style

Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko; François Gravelle; Agata Dąbrowska; Patxi León-Guereño. Do Years of Running Experience Influence the Motivations of Amateur Marathon Athletes? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 585 .

AMA Style

Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko, François Gravelle, Agata Dąbrowska, Patxi León-Guereño. Do Years of Running Experience Influence the Motivations of Amateur Marathon Athletes? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (2):585.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko; François Gravelle; Agata Dąbrowska; Patxi León-Guereño. 2020. "Do Years of Running Experience Influence the Motivations of Amateur Marathon Athletes?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2: 585.