A flow injection method based on chemiluminescence detection for the determination of imipramine and chlorpromazine is reported. The proposed method is simple, rapid and reproducible with relative standard deviations (n= 8) of 1.0% for 1 × 105 mol dm–3 imipramine and 1.2% for 2.5 × 10–5 mol dm–3 chlorpromazine. The limits of detection (signal: noise = 3) are 5 × 10–7 mol dm–3 imipramine and 2 × 10–6 mol dm–3 chlorpromazine. A maximum mass ratio of 10 : 1 for lactose and 5 : 1 for glucose, sucrose or starch to drug can be tolerated in the determination of imipramine. The corresponding ratios for chlorpromazine were 5 : 1 for lactose and 3 : 1 for glucose, sucrose or starch. The method was applied to analyses of urine samples with errors of less than 4%.
The analyses of pesticides carried out by coupling flow injection analysis with chemiluminescence (CL) detection during the last ten years are reported in this review. The review is divided into three sections devoted to the different families of pesticides, namely, organophosphorus, carbamates (together with dithiocarbamates), and other pesticides from the remaining groups. Relevant analytical data such as limits of detection, dynamic ranges, recoveries, and sample pretreatments are recorded in three tables. Descriptions about the fundamentals of the CL systems used, and new promising approaches such as photoinduced chemiluminescence (PICL), multicommutation, and molecular connectivity are also included.