Considered to be the first book devoted to the subject, Linear Synchronous Motors: Transportation and Automation Systems, Second Edition evaluates the state of the art, demonstrating the technological innovations that are improving the design, construction, and performance of modern control systems. This new edition not only illustrates the development of linear synchronous motor drives, but it also discusses useful techniques for selecting a motor that will meet the specific requirements of linear electrical drives. New Features for the Second Edition: Several updated and expanded sections, as well as two new chapters on FEM Even more numerical examples, calculations, and mathematical models Broadened target audience that includes researchers, scientists, students, and more Evaluating trends and practical techniques for achieving optimal system performance, the authors showcase ready-to-implement solutions for common roadblocks in this process. The book presents fundamental equations and calculations used to determine and evaluate system operation, efficiency, and reliability, with an exploration of modern computer-aided design of linear synchronous motors, including the finite element approach. It covers topics such as linear sensors and stepping motors, magnetic levitation systems, elevators, and factory automation systems. It also features case studies on flat PM, tubular PM, air-cored, and hybrid linear synchronous motors, as well as 3D finite element method analysis of tubular linear reluctance motors, and linear oscillatory actuators. With such an exceptional presentation of practical tools and conceptual illustrations, this volume is an especially powerful resource. It will benefit readers from all walks by providing numerical examples, models, guidelines, and diagrams to help develop a clear understanding of linear synchronous motor operations, characteristics, and much more.

Core losses in two different transformers under high-frequency (f=10 kHz) operation have been simulated using 3-D FEM modeling. For the first transformer, we assumed an amorphous core, while the ferrite core has been established for the second one. The equivalent electrical conductivity values have been assumed. The values of core losses were included into 3-D modeling of the temperature field. For both transformers, the temperature of the cores and windings was calculated versus the heating time. The calculation results have been compared with the ones from tests of our prototypes, and a good agreement has been obtained.

A mathematical model for leakage reactance calculation using magnetic field analysis is presented. An integral equation for the modeling of unbounded field problems, with constant magnetic permeability of the core, is derived. By the solution of the equation, a 3D quasistationary field has been analyzed and the reactance has been computed. A computer program has been worked out and implemented for a personal computer. Applications have been made for leakage field analysis in reactors with or without magnetic cores. Results of these calculations are presented and compared with measured values.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to create a reliable nonlinear magnetic equivalent circuit (NMEC) of the hybrid magnetic bearing (HMB). Commonly used magnetic equivalent circuits of HMB omit a saturation effect of the magnetic material as well as the leakage and fringing flux. It results in imprecise modelling of the magnetic field distribution. On the other hand, only 3D finite element analysis (FEA) can be used to precisely simulate the magnetic field in this type of the magnetic bearing. The proposed NMEC incorporates the saturation effect of the magnetic material, as well as the leakage and fringing flux. Design/methodology/approach: The magnetic equivalent circuit of presented HMB is proposed to obtain a reliable model that ensures short calculation time. Developed NMEC incorporates the phenomena as the saturation effect, as well as the leakage and fringing flux. The reluctance of the air gap that includes the fringing flux was calculated using 3D FEA. Kirchhoffs’ laws were used to create a set of nonlinear equations that were iteratively solved by Broyden’s method. Findings: Incorporating into NMEC of the HMB a saturation effect of the magnetic material, as well as the leakage and fringing flux, resulted in the accurate model that was in good agreement with 3 D finite element model and the real object. The developed NMEC offers the calculation time in the range of miliseconds, therefore can be successfully used in the engineering design instead of the FEM. Originality/value: Presented NMEC can be considered as a fundamental model that can be successfully used for accurate and fast simulation of the HMB. Proposed NMEC includes considerable factors that decide about the model accuracy such as the saturation effect of the ferromagnetic material and the leakage and fringing flux. The developed NMEC can be used in the optimization procedures and for simulations of dynamic responses.

A comparison of two developed simulation models for a hybrid magnetic bearing (HMB) transient states is presented. This applies to analyses using the flux-circuit directly coupled magnetic equivalent circuit and field-circuit indirectly coupled finite element analysis. The required control system was implemented for both models. The results obtained from the simulations were compared with those obtained from measurement tests.