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The direct discharge of azo dyes and/or their metabolites into the environment may exert toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic effects on exposed fauna and flora. In this study, we analyzed the metabolites produced during the degradation of an azo dye namely Reactive Black 5 (RB5) in the bacterial augmented-floating treatment wetlands (FTWs), followed by the investigation of their underlying toxicity. To this end, a FTWs system was developed by using a common wetland plant Phragmites australis in the presence of three dye-degrading bacteria (Acinetobacter junii strain NT-15, Pseudomonas indoloxydans strain NT-38, and Rhodococcus sp. strain NT-39). We found that the FTW system effectively degraded RB5 into at least 20 different metabolites with the successful removal of color (95.5%) from the water. The fish toxicity assay revealed the non-toxic characteristics of the metabolites produced after dye degradation. Our study suggests that bacterially aided FTWs could be a suitable option for the successful degradation of azo dyes, and the results presented in this study may help improve the overall textile effluent clean-up processes.
Nain Tara; Mazhar Iqbal; Fazale Habib; Qaiser Mahmood Khan; Samina Iqbal; Muhammad Afzal; Hans Brix. Investigating degradation metabolites and underlying pathway of azo dye “Reactive Black 5” in bioaugmented floating treatment wetlands. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleNain Tara, Mazhar Iqbal, Fazale Habib, Qaiser Mahmood Khan, Samina Iqbal, Muhammad Afzal, Hans Brix. Investigating degradation metabolites and underlying pathway of azo dye “Reactive Black 5” in bioaugmented floating treatment wetlands. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNain Tara; Mazhar Iqbal; Fazale Habib; Qaiser Mahmood Khan; Samina Iqbal; Muhammad Afzal; Hans Brix. 2021. "Investigating degradation metabolites and underlying pathway of azo dye “Reactive Black 5” in bioaugmented floating treatment wetlands." , no. : 1.
Quinoa cultivation has expanded from South America to many countries because of its wide adaptability and nutritional value. We evaluated 32 introduced quinoa genotypes using 17 qualitative and 11 quantitative traits under Saudi Arabia conditions during the 2018–2019 season. The quinoa genotypes showed considerable variation during the vegetative and maturity stages. Plant height values varied between 60 and 18 cm, and maturity ranged from 98 to 177 days. Leaf shapes were rhomboidal or triangular, with dentate or serrate margins. Green was the standard color for leaves and panicles at the flowering stage. The leaf granule colors were white, purple, and white-red. At 150 units of the Euclidean distance, the genotypes aggregated into four major groups based on their morphological traits. Twenty-one sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) primer pair combinations generated 75 amplified fragments (alleles), with a mean of 3.57 alleles per primer pair combination. Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic means (UPGMA) clustering analysis showed that the quinoa genotypes were grouped based on origin or according to genetic background. Genotypes from South America presented higher mean values for the average number of alleles, Shannon index (0.411), gene diversity (0.271), and polymorphic percentage (83.95). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that most of the genetic variation was because of differences within populations (86%). The wide variability of the genotypes studied herein is of great importance for quinoa breeders.
Ehab El-Harty; Abdelhalim Ghazy; Talal Alateeq; Sulieman Al-Faifi; Muhammad Khan; Muhammed Afzal; Salem Alghamdi; Hussein Migdadi. Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Quinoa Genotypes. Agriculture 2021, 11, 286 .
AMA StyleEhab El-Harty, Abdelhalim Ghazy, Talal Alateeq, Sulieman Al-Faifi, Muhammad Khan, Muhammed Afzal, Salem Alghamdi, Hussein Migdadi. Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Quinoa Genotypes. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (4):286.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEhab El-Harty; Abdelhalim Ghazy; Talal Alateeq; Sulieman Al-Faifi; Muhammad Khan; Muhammed Afzal; Salem Alghamdi; Hussein Migdadi. 2021. "Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Quinoa Genotypes." Agriculture 11, no. 4: 286.
Landraces are valuable sources of genetic characteristics, which are of plant breeders’ interest to include in breeding programs for crop improvement. We assess the inter- and intra-genetic variability among 96 accessions representing three Hail tomato landrace using DNA-based marker sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP). Seven SRAP primer combinations generated 55 alleles with a polymorphism of 100%, and an average of 7.86 polymorphic alleles per pair of primers. All primers showed an average of 0.68 polymorphic information content (PIC) value and discrimination power (DP) of 14.29. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) confirmed the clustering produced via the UPGMA similarity dendrogram allowed for the grouping of the 96 accessions according to its gene bank accession numbers and showed relatively good separation between landraces. A similarity value ranged from 0.04 to 1.0 among accessions of Hail 747, 0.05 to 1.0 in Hail 1072, and from 0.16 to 0.92 in Hail 548. These results showed the landraces harbor a wide range of genetic diversity at both inter and intra-variation levels. AMOVA showed that most of the genetic variation was because of differences within populations (87%). Tomato Hail landraces have well-differentiated genetic populations and admixtures, where Hail 747 formed their separate group, and both Hail 548 and Hail 1072 were admixed, and some accessions showed more diversity pattern. We have to take the SRAP technique’s effectiveness in the study of genetic variability among and within landraces into consideration in the tomato-breeding programs through marker-assessed selection.
Reem Alzahib; Hussein Migdadi; Abdullah Ghamdi; Mona Alwahibi; Muhammad Afzal; Ehab Elharty; Salem Alghamdi. Exploring Genetic Variability among and within Hail Tomato Landraces Based on Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism Markers. Diversity 2021, 13, 135 .
AMA StyleReem Alzahib, Hussein Migdadi, Abdullah Ghamdi, Mona Alwahibi, Muhammad Afzal, Ehab Elharty, Salem Alghamdi. Exploring Genetic Variability among and within Hail Tomato Landraces Based on Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism Markers. Diversity. 2021; 13 (3):135.
Chicago/Turabian StyleReem Alzahib; Hussein Migdadi; Abdullah Ghamdi; Mona Alwahibi; Muhammad Afzal; Ehab Elharty; Salem Alghamdi. 2021. "Exploring Genetic Variability among and within Hail Tomato Landraces Based on Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism Markers." Diversity 13, no. 3: 135.
Excessive use of detergents in wide industrial processes results in unwanted surfactant pollution. Among them, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) has well-known history to be used in pharmaceutical and industrial applications. However, if discharged without treatment, it can cause toxic effects on living organisms especially to the aquatic life. Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) could be a cost-effective and eco-friendly options for the treatment of wastewater containing SDS. In this study, FTWs mesocosms were established in the presence of hydrocarbons-degrading bacteria. Two plant species (Brachiaria mutica and Leptochloa fusca) were vegetated and a consortium of bacteria (Acinetobacter sp. strain BRSI56, Acinetobacter junii strain TYRH47, and Acinetobacter sp. strain CYRH21) was applied to enhance degradation in a short-time. Results illustrated that FTWs vegetated with both plants successfully removed SDS from water, however, bacterial augmentation further enhanced the removal efficiency. Maximum reduction in SDS concentration (97.5%), chemical oxygen demand (92.0%), biological oxygen demand (94.2%), and turbidity (99.4%) was observed in the water having FTWs vegetated with B. mutica and inoculated with the bacteria. The inoculated bacteria showed more survival in the roots and shoots of B. mutica as compared to L. fusca. This study concludes that FTWs have the potential for the removal of SDS from contaminated water and their remediation efficiency can be enhanced by bacterial augmentation.
Momina Yasin; Muhammad Tauseef; Zaniab Zafar; Moazur Rahman; Ejazul Islam; Samina Iqbal; Muhammad Afzal. Plant-Microbe Synergism in Floating Treatment Wetlands for the Enhanced Removal of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate from Water. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2883 .
AMA StyleMomina Yasin, Muhammad Tauseef, Zaniab Zafar, Moazur Rahman, Ejazul Islam, Samina Iqbal, Muhammad Afzal. Plant-Microbe Synergism in Floating Treatment Wetlands for the Enhanced Removal of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate from Water. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2883.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMomina Yasin; Muhammad Tauseef; Zaniab Zafar; Moazur Rahman; Ejazul Islam; Samina Iqbal; Muhammad Afzal. 2021. "Plant-Microbe Synergism in Floating Treatment Wetlands for the Enhanced Removal of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate from Water." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2883.
The genus Solanum exhibits a wide range of variability in morphology, flavor, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Phenotypic and genetic variability using ISSR and RAPD markers of Solanum incanum distributed in Al-Baha province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is assessed. Thirty samples are representing three different locations: Baljershy, Aqeeq, and Tohama, besides twenty-five samples representing five different commercial cultivars tested. Growth type, the number of leaves per plant, fruit size (phenotypic traits), crude protein, carbohydrates, digestive organic matter, and Mg, Ca, P were the principal contributors in the PCA. Molecular analysis showed that 114 ISSR and 80 RAPD alleles with a 100% polymorphism were recorded. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.84 to 0.91 for ISSR and from 0.59 to 0.89 for RAPD data. Similarity values ranged from 0.16 to 1.00, with an average of 0.47 for ISSR and from 0.01 to 0.97, with an average of 0.36 for RAPD. It resulted in a positive and significant correlation between morphological, molecular, nutritional, and chemical analysis of fruits using Mantel analysis. UPGMA and PCA for morphological traits and molecular data discriminated commercial cultivars and wild relatives. Solanum incanum was more diverse than commercial varieties. This study revealed a wide genetic diversity among and within collected eggplant accessions and may use in breeding programs of eggplants. There is a need to increase the present eggplant collection to widen the genetic diversity of cultivated eggplant varieties in Saudi Arabia.
Saud L. Al-Rowaily; Abdullah O. Alghamdi; Salem S. Alghamdi; Abdulaziz M. Assaeed; Ahmad Hegazy; Muhammad Afzal; Hussein M. Migdadi. Assessment of morphological and molecular variability of some Solanum melongena L. cultivars and wild Solanum incanum L. in Saudi Arabia. Biologia Futura 2021, 72, 187 -199.
AMA StyleSaud L. Al-Rowaily, Abdullah O. Alghamdi, Salem S. Alghamdi, Abdulaziz M. Assaeed, Ahmad Hegazy, Muhammad Afzal, Hussein M. Migdadi. Assessment of morphological and molecular variability of some Solanum melongena L. cultivars and wild Solanum incanum L. in Saudi Arabia. Biologia Futura. 2021; 72 (2):187-199.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaud L. Al-Rowaily; Abdullah O. Alghamdi; Salem S. Alghamdi; Abdulaziz M. Assaeed; Ahmad Hegazy; Muhammad Afzal; Hussein M. Migdadi. 2021. "Assessment of morphological and molecular variability of some Solanum melongena L. cultivars and wild Solanum incanum L. in Saudi Arabia." Biologia Futura 72, no. 2: 187-199.
Dusky cotton bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Costa (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) is a major pest of cotton crop across various regions in the world, and has developed resistance to a number of insecticides including bifenthrin. In the current study, we evaluated the genetics and realized heritability (h2) of bifenthrin resistance following selection of O. hyalinipennis in the laboratory for 15 generations. The selected population of O. hyalinipennis had a resistance ratio of 554.21-fold as compared to a laboratory susceptible population. Toxicity data of reciprocal crosses F1 and F1’ revealed that bifenthrin resistance was inherited as an autosomal trait and no maternal influence was involved. The degree of dominance (DLC) values, 0.68 and 0.81 for F1 and F1’, respectively, revealed that incompletely dominant genes were governing the bifenthrin resistance in O. hyalinipennis. Resistance to bifenthrin also shifted from completely dominant (DML = 0.95) to fully recessive (DML = 0.08) trait upon changing the concentrations of bifenthrin from 165.25 ppm to 2500 ppm, respectively. The chi-square analysis of monogenic model in both back-crosses, BC1 (F1♀ × S♂) and BC2 (F1♀ × R♂) resulted in rejection of the hypothesis of monogenic resistance, which indicated that multiple factors were involved in controlling bifenthrin resistance. The estimated value of realized heritability (h2) for bifenthrin resistance was 0.09. Selection of O. hyalinipennis with bifenthrin for 15 generations induced a high resistance to bifenthrin that was autosomal, incompletely dominant and polygenic in nature. A low heritability value revealed that bifenthrin resistance could likely develop in the field but at much slower pace. These results have important implications for bifenthrin resistance management in O. hyalinipennis.
Ansa Banazeer; Hafiz Muhammad Usama Khan; Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal; Sarfraz Ali Shad. Characterization of genetic basis and realized heritability of bifenthrin-resistance selected in dusky cotton bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection 2020, 141, 105441 .
AMA StyleAnsa Banazeer, Hafiz Muhammad Usama Khan, Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal, Sarfraz Ali Shad. Characterization of genetic basis and realized heritability of bifenthrin-resistance selected in dusky cotton bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection. 2020; 141 ():105441.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnsa Banazeer; Hafiz Muhammad Usama Khan; Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal; Sarfraz Ali Shad. 2020. "Characterization of genetic basis and realized heritability of bifenthrin-resistance selected in dusky cotton bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) in Pakistan." Crop Protection 141, no. : 105441.
Genetic diversity enrichment is urgently necessary to develop climate-resilient faba bean cultivars. The present study aimed to measure the enrichment of genetic diversity and changes in the population structure of faba bean, following induced mutagenesis. 120 samples, including 116 M2 mutant plants, generated by exposing the ILB4347 accession to four mutagen treatments (25 and 50 Gray gamma radiation and 0.01%, and 0.05% diethyl sulfate) and four reference genotypes were characterized using 11 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primer combinations. The AFLP markers generated 1687 polymorphic alleles, including 756 alleles (45%) that were detected infrequently (f ≤ 0.1). The total allele count of the mutant plants ranged from 117 to 545. We observed a wide range of banding patterns and counts among the mutant plants, showing the high genetic diversity induced by mutation. Mutations also changed the population structure, by altering 31.78% of the total membership coefficient (Q). Although mutations changed the population structure, Nei’s genetic distance showed that the mutant population remained closely related to its control parent. This is the first report examining genetic diversity and population changes in faba bean mutant populations and, thus, could facilitate the application of induced mutagenesis during faba bean breeding.
Nurmansyah; Salem Alghamdi; Hussein Migdadi; Muhammad Khan; Muhammad Afzal. AFLP-Based Analysis of Variation and Population Structure in Mutagenesis Induced Faba Bean. Diversity 2020, 12, 303 .
AMA StyleNurmansyah, Salem Alghamdi, Hussein Migdadi, Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Afzal. AFLP-Based Analysis of Variation and Population Structure in Mutagenesis Induced Faba Bean. Diversity. 2020; 12 (8):303.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNurmansyah; Salem Alghamdi; Hussein Migdadi; Muhammad Khan; Muhammad Afzal. 2020. "AFLP-Based Analysis of Variation and Population Structure in Mutagenesis Induced Faba Bean." Diversity 12, no. 8: 303.
The textile industry is one of the most chemically intensive industries, and its wastewater is comprised of harmful dyes, pigments, dissolved/suspended solids, and heavy metals. The treatment of textile wastewater has become a necessary task before discharge into the environment. The textile effluent can be treated by conventional methods, however, the limitations of these techniques are high cost, incomplete removal, and production of concentrated sludge. This review illustrates recent knowledge about the application of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) for remediation of textile wastewater. The FTWs system is a potential alternative technology for textile wastewater treatment. FTWs efficiently removed the dyes, pigments, organic matter, nutrients, heavy metals, and other pollutants from the textile effluent. Plants and bacteria are essential components of FTWs, which contribute to the pollutant removal process through their physical effects and metabolic process. Plants species with extensive roots structure and large biomass are recommended for vegetation on floating mats. The pollutant removal efficiency can be enhanced by the right selection of plants, managing plant coverage, improving aeration, and inoculation by specific bacterial strains. The proper installation and maintenance practices can further enhance the efficiency, sustainability, and aesthetic value of the FTWs. Further research is suggested to develop guidelines for the selection of right plants and bacterial strains for the efficient remediation of textile effluent by FTWs at large scales.
Fan Wei; Munazzam Shahid; Ghalia Alnusairi; Muhammad Afzal; Aziz Khan; Mohamed El-Esawi; Zohaib Abbas; Kunhua Wei; Ihsan Zaheer; Muhammad Rizwan; Shafaqat Ali. Implementation of Floating Treatment Wetlands for Textile Wastewater Management: A Review. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5801 .
AMA StyleFan Wei, Munazzam Shahid, Ghalia Alnusairi, Muhammad Afzal, Aziz Khan, Mohamed El-Esawi, Zohaib Abbas, Kunhua Wei, Ihsan Zaheer, Muhammad Rizwan, Shafaqat Ali. Implementation of Floating Treatment Wetlands for Textile Wastewater Management: A Review. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (14):5801.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFan Wei; Munazzam Shahid; Ghalia Alnusairi; Muhammad Afzal; Aziz Khan; Mohamed El-Esawi; Zohaib Abbas; Kunhua Wei; Ihsan Zaheer; Muhammad Rizwan; Shafaqat Ali. 2020. "Implementation of Floating Treatment Wetlands for Textile Wastewater Management: A Review." Sustainability 12, no. 14: 5801.
Dusky cotton bug Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) has been found to infesting cotton and other plants in Pakistan and some other countries. However, in Pakistan the increasing infestation of O. hyalinipennis was controlled with different insecticides, but some degree of resistance has been reported. Inheritance and cross-resistance of dimethoate resistance selection have not been documented in O. hyalinipennis previously. Therefore, this study for the first time characterized dimethoate resistance in O. hyalinipennis by inducing it in the laboratory for six generations. The selected population was 9.70- and 157-fold resistant compared with the field and laboratory population, respectively. The dimethoate resistance selection did not bring about any cross-resistance with lambda-cyhalothrin (1.47-fold) but had a very low cross-resistance with chlorfenapyr (3.03-fold) and acephate (2.21-fold) compared with the field population. The overlapping in 95% confidence limits of LC50 ratios of F1 (R♀ × S♂) and F1` (R♂ × S♀) indicated the lack of maternal effects, whereas their degree of dominance of 0.54 and 0.51 suggested an incompletely dominant resistance inheritance. Multiple factors were involved in dimethoate resistance as implied from Chi-square analyses of backcrosses. In conclusion, O. hyalinipennis develops easily resistance to dimethoate due to selection. Lack of/or very low cross-resistance with lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorfenapyr and acephate implies that these insecticides can be used in rotation. Moreover, dimethoate resistance inheritance was incompletely dominant, autosomal and polygenic which implies that resistance to dimethoate can be delayed by using it in rotations, alterations, mosaics and combinations.
Ansa Banazeer; Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal; Sarfraz Ali Shad. Characterization of dimethoate resistance in Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa): resistance selection, cross-resistance to three insecticides and mode of inheritance. Phytoparasitica 2020, 48, 1 -9.
AMA StyleAnsa Banazeer, Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal, Sarfraz Ali Shad. Characterization of dimethoate resistance in Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa): resistance selection, cross-resistance to three insecticides and mode of inheritance. Phytoparasitica. 2020; 48 (5):1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnsa Banazeer; Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal; Sarfraz Ali Shad. 2020. "Characterization of dimethoate resistance in Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa): resistance selection, cross-resistance to three insecticides and mode of inheritance." Phytoparasitica 48, no. 5: 1-9.
This article provides useful information for understanding the specific role of microbes in the pollutant removal process in floating treatment wetlands (FTWs). The current literature is collected and organized to provide an insight into the specific role of microbes toward plants and pollutants. Several aspects are discussed, such as important components of FTWs, common bacterial species, rhizospheric and endophytes bacteria, and their specific role in the pollutant removal process. The roots of plants release oxygen and exudates, which act as a substrate for microbial growth. The bacteria attach themselves to the roots and form biofilms to get nutrients from the plants. Along the plants, the microbial community also influences the performance of FTWs. The bacterial community contributes to the removal of nitrogen, phosphorus, toxic metals, hydrocarbon, and organic compounds. Plant–microbe interaction breaks down complex compounds into simple nutrients, mobilizes metal ions, and increases the uptake of pollutants by plants. The inoculation of the roots of plants with acclimatized microbes may improve the phytoremediation potential of FTWs. The bacteria also encourage plant growth and the bioavailability of toxic pollutants and can alleviate metal toxicity.
Munazzam Shahid; Ameena Al-Surhanee; Fayza Kouadri; Shafaqat Ali; Neeha Nawaz; Muhammad Afzal; Muhammad Rizwan; Basharat Ali; Mona Soliman. Role of Microorganisms in the Remediation of Wastewater in Floating Treatment Wetlands: A Review. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5559 .
AMA StyleMunazzam Shahid, Ameena Al-Surhanee, Fayza Kouadri, Shafaqat Ali, Neeha Nawaz, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Rizwan, Basharat Ali, Mona Soliman. Role of Microorganisms in the Remediation of Wastewater in Floating Treatment Wetlands: A Review. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (14):5559.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMunazzam Shahid; Ameena Al-Surhanee; Fayza Kouadri; Shafaqat Ali; Neeha Nawaz; Muhammad Afzal; Muhammad Rizwan; Basharat Ali; Mona Soliman. 2020. "Role of Microorganisms in the Remediation of Wastewater in Floating Treatment Wetlands: A Review." Sustainability 12, no. 14: 5559.
Aquatic pollution caused by industrial effluents is an environmental issue, imposing deleterious impacts on the overall environment, specifically, on humans, by disrupting the balance of the ecosystem. Among all the industries, tanneries are considered some of the most polluting due to heavy use of toxic organic and inorganic compounds during leather processing, most of which find their way into rivers, lakes, and streams, thus exerting adverse effects on aquatic life, particularly on fish. Considering the huge concentrations of pollutants present in tannery effluents, toxicity evaluation is of prime importance. Therefore, bioassays are usually employed to assess the acute toxicity of industrial effluents and efficiency of effluent clean-up technologies as they provide a thorough response of test species to the substances present in the tested media. In the present study, the toxic effects of tannery effluent on common grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were studied for 96 h in laboratory conditions. The effluent was added at different concentrations, before and after treatment by constructed wetlands (CWs). During this period, mortality data was collected to calculate the 96 h-LC50 (lethal concentration inducing 50% mortality) and acute toxicity of C. idella. In addition to this, observations on change in morphological, physiological, and behavioural patterns were also made every 24 h. The present toxicity assay revealed that the raw tannery effluent changed the morphology, physiology, and behavioural response of fish. Moreover, fish exposure to raw/untreated effluent caused high acute toxicity and 100% mortality, due to the presence of high concentrations of salts and chromium (Cr) metal. While treatment of tannery effluent by CWs vegetated with different plants (B. mutica, L. fusca, and T. domingensis) significantly reduced its toxicity and fish mortality as well, and inoculation of salt and Cr-tolerant endophytic bacteria (Enterobacter sp. HU38, Microbacterium arborescens HU33, and Pantoea stewartii ASI11) further reduced (up to 90%) its toxicity level. Hence, the use of CWs for tannery effluent treatment can be recommended to favour public health and promote the overall safety of the environment.
Sobia Ashraf; Muhammad Naveed; Muhammad Afzal; Sana Ashraf; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Khadeeja Rehman; Zahir Ahmad Zahir; Avelino Núñez-Delgado. Evaluation of Toxicity on Ctenopharyngodon idella Due to Tannery Effluent Remediated by Constructed Wetland Technology. Processes 2020, 8, 612 .
AMA StyleSobia Ashraf, Muhammad Naveed, Muhammad Afzal, Sana Ashraf, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, Khadeeja Rehman, Zahir Ahmad Zahir, Avelino Núñez-Delgado. Evaluation of Toxicity on Ctenopharyngodon idella Due to Tannery Effluent Remediated by Constructed Wetland Technology. Processes. 2020; 8 (5):612.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSobia Ashraf; Muhammad Naveed; Muhammad Afzal; Sana Ashraf; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Khadeeja Rehman; Zahir Ahmad Zahir; Avelino Núñez-Delgado. 2020. "Evaluation of Toxicity on Ctenopharyngodon idella Due to Tannery Effluent Remediated by Constructed Wetland Technology." Processes 8, no. 5: 612.
Floating treatment wetland (FTW) is an innovative, cost effective and environmentally friendly option for wastewater treatment. The dyes in textile wastewater degrade water quality and pose harmful effects to living organisms. In this study, FTWs, vegetated with Phragmites australis and augmented with specific bacteria, were used to treat dye-enriched synthetic effluent. Three different types of textile wastewater were synthesized by adding three different dyes in tap water separately. The FTWs were augmented with three pollutants degrading and plant growth promoting bacterial strains (i.e., Acinetobacter junii strain NT-15, Rhodococcus sp. strain NT-39, and Pseudomonas indoloxydans strain NT-38). The water samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), color, bacterial survival and heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Mn, Zn, Pb and Fe). The results indicated that the FTWs removed pollutants and color from the treated water; however, the inoculated bacteria in combination with plants further enhanced the remediation potential of floating wetlands. In FTWs with P. australis and augmented with bacterial inoculum, pH, EC, TDS, TSS, COD, BOD and color of dyes were significantly reduced as compared to only vegetated and non-vegetated floating treatment wetlands without bacterial inoculation. Similarly, the FTWs application successfully removed the heavy metal from the treated dye-enriched wastewater, predominately by FTWs inoculated with bacterial strains. The bacterial augmented vegetated FTWs, in the case of dye 1, reduced the concentration of Cu, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mn and Pb by 75%, 73.3%, 86.9%, 75%, 70% and 76.7%, respectively. Similarly, the bacterial inoculation to plants in the case of dye 2 achieved 77.5% (Cu), 73.3% (Ni), 83.3% (Zn), 77.5% (Fe), 66.7% (Mn) and 73.3% (Pb) removal rates. Likewise in the case of dye 3, which was treated with plants and inoculated bacteria, the metals removal rates were 77.5%, 73.3%, 89.7%, 81.0%, 70% and 65.5% for Cu, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mn and Pb, respectively. The inoculated bacteria showed persistence in water, in roots and in shoots of the inoculated plants. The bacteria also reduced the dye-induced toxicity and promoted plant growth for all three dyes. The overall results suggested that FTW could be a promising technology for the treatment of dye-enriched textile effluent. Further research is needed in this regard before making it commercially applicable.
Neeha Nawaz; Shafaqat Ali; Ghulam Shabir; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Munazzam Jawad Shahid; Muhammad Afzal; Muhammad Arslan; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. Bacterial Augmented Floating Treatment Wetlands for Efficient Treatment of Synthetic Textile Dye Wastewater. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3731 .
AMA StyleNeeha Nawaz, Shafaqat Ali, Ghulam Shabir, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Bilal Shakoor, Munazzam Jawad Shahid, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Arslan, Abeer Hashem, Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Parvaiz Ahmad. Bacterial Augmented Floating Treatment Wetlands for Efficient Treatment of Synthetic Textile Dye Wastewater. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (9):3731.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNeeha Nawaz; Shafaqat Ali; Ghulam Shabir; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Munazzam Jawad Shahid; Muhammad Afzal; Muhammad Arslan; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2020. "Bacterial Augmented Floating Treatment Wetlands for Efficient Treatment of Synthetic Textile Dye Wastewater." Sustainability 12, no. 9: 3731.
Diesel oil is considered a very hazardous fuel due to its adverse effect on the aquatic ecosystem, so its remediation has become the focus of much attention. Taking this into consideration, the current study was conducted to explore the synergistic applications of both plant and bacteria for cleaning up of diesel oil contaminated water. We examined that the application of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) is an economical and superlative choice for the treatment of diesel oil contaminated water. In this study, a pilot scale floating treatment wetlands system having diesel oil contaminated water (1% w/v), was adopted using Cyperus laevigatus L and a mixture of hydrocarbons degrading bacterial strains; viz., Acinetobacter sp.61KJ620863, Bacillus megaterium 65 KF478214, and Acinetobacter sp.82 KF478231. It was observed that consortium of hydrocarbons degrading bacteria improved the remediation of diesel oil in combination with Cyperus laevigatus L. Moreover, the performance of the FTWs was enhanced by colonization of bacterial strains in the root and shoot of Cyperus laevigatus L. Independently, the bacterial consortium and Cyperus laevigatus L exhibited 37.46% and 56.57% reduction in diesel oil, respectively, while 73.48% reduction in hydrocarbons was exhibited by the joint application of both plant and bacteria in FTWs. Furthermore, microbial inoculation improved the fresh biomass (11.62%), dry biomass (33.33%), and height (18.05%) of plants. Fish toxicity assay evaluated the effectiveness of FTWs by showing the extent of improvement in the water quality to a level that became safe for living organisms. The study therefore concluded that Cyperus laevigatus L augmented with hydrocarbons degrading bacterial consortium exhibited a remarkable ability to decontaminate the diesel oil from water and could enhance the FTWs performance.
Muhammad Fahid; Shafaqat Ali; Ghulam Shabir; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Tahira Yasmeen; Muhammad Afzal; Muhammad Arslan; Afzal Hussain; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. Cyperus laevigatus L. Enhances Diesel Oil Remediation in Synergism with Bacterial Inoculation in Floating Treatment Wetlands. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2353 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Fahid, Shafaqat Ali, Ghulam Shabir, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, Tahira Yasmeen, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Arslan, Afzal Hussain, Abeer Hashem, Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Parvaiz Ahmad. Cyperus laevigatus L. Enhances Diesel Oil Remediation in Synergism with Bacterial Inoculation in Floating Treatment Wetlands. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2353.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Fahid; Shafaqat Ali; Ghulam Shabir; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Tahira Yasmeen; Muhammad Afzal; Muhammad Arslan; Afzal Hussain; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2020. "Cyperus laevigatus L. Enhances Diesel Oil Remediation in Synergism with Bacterial Inoculation in Floating Treatment Wetlands." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2353.
Hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) is reported to have negative effects on fauna and flora. The present study establishes plant‐bacterial synergism in floating wetlands (FWs) for the maximum removal of Cr6+ from the contaminated water. A common wetland plant, Brachiaria mutica (para grass), was planted in combination with three Cr resistant rhizo‐ and endophytic bacteria. Results indicated that FWs vegetated with B. mutica showed potential to remove Cr (53%) from water and their efficacy was significantly enhanced by bacterial inoculation (88%). The inoculated bacteria were able to colonize the plant interior successfully, i.e., roots and shoots. The un‐vegetated control tanks, however, showed the least bacterial persistence in the water. The perceptible phytotoxicity symptoms on B. mutica were only observed for the treatments without bacterial inoculation. The study suggests that B. mutica could be an effective choice as a wetland macrophyte to establish a partnership with the Cr‐resistant bacteria for improved remediation of Cr6+ contamination.
Aysha Akram; Nain Tara; Muhammad Asaf Khan; Saddam Akber Abbasi; Muhammad Irfan; Muhammad Arslan; Muhammad Afzal. Enhanced remediation of Cr 6+ in bacterial‐assisted floating wetlands. Water and Environment Journal 2020, 34, 970 -978.
AMA StyleAysha Akram, Nain Tara, Muhammad Asaf Khan, Saddam Akber Abbasi, Muhammad Irfan, Muhammad Arslan, Muhammad Afzal. Enhanced remediation of Cr 6+ in bacterial‐assisted floating wetlands. Water and Environment Journal. 2020; 34 (S1):970-978.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAysha Akram; Nain Tara; Muhammad Asaf Khan; Saddam Akber Abbasi; Muhammad Irfan; Muhammad Arslan; Muhammad Afzal. 2020. "Enhanced remediation of Cr 6+ in bacterial‐assisted floating wetlands." Water and Environment Journal 34, no. S1: 970-978.
The phytoremediation potential of macrophytic species has made them an inevitable component of constructed wetlands (CWs) for the treatment of industrial effluents. The macrophytes must have tolerance for the harsh conditions imposed by effluents for an effective establishment of the CW system. In this context, the basic purpose of this work was to investigate the efficacy of five indigenous emergent macrophytes (Brachiaria mutica, Canna indica, Cyperus laevigatus, Leptochloa fusca, and Typha domingensis) for the remediation of tannery effluent in vertical subsurface flow CWs. The ability of each macrophytic species to tolerate pollution load and to remove pollutants from the effluent was assessed. The effect of tannery effluent on the survival and growth of macrophytes was also studied. The treated tannery effluent samples were analyzed for electrical conductivity (EC), pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), chlorides (Cl−), sulphates (SO42−), oil and grease, and Cr levels. All of the studied macrophytes significantly decreased the pollution load of tannery effluent, and the higher nutrient content of effluent stimulated their growth without any signs of negative health effects. Leptochloa fusca and T. domingensis performed better in removing pollutants and showed higher growth rates and biomass than other tested macrophytes and can be considered preferred species for use in CWs treating tannery effluent. Brachiaria mutica showed morphologically better results than C. indica and C. laevigatus.
Sobia Ashraf; Muhammad Naveed; Muhammad Afzal; Mahmoud F. Seleiman; Nasser A. Al-Suhaibani; Zahir A. Zahir; Adnan Mustafa; Yahya Refay; Bushra Ahmed Alhammad; Sana Ashraf; Majed Alotaibi; Kamel A. Abdella. Unveiling the Potential of Novel Macrophytes for the Treatment of Tannery Effluent in Vertical Flow Pilot Constructed Wetlands. Water 2020, 12, 549 .
AMA StyleSobia Ashraf, Muhammad Naveed, Muhammad Afzal, Mahmoud F. Seleiman, Nasser A. Al-Suhaibani, Zahir A. Zahir, Adnan Mustafa, Yahya Refay, Bushra Ahmed Alhammad, Sana Ashraf, Majed Alotaibi, Kamel A. Abdella. Unveiling the Potential of Novel Macrophytes for the Treatment of Tannery Effluent in Vertical Flow Pilot Constructed Wetlands. Water. 2020; 12 (2):549.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSobia Ashraf; Muhammad Naveed; Muhammad Afzal; Mahmoud F. Seleiman; Nasser A. Al-Suhaibani; Zahir A. Zahir; Adnan Mustafa; Yahya Refay; Bushra Ahmed Alhammad; Sana Ashraf; Majed Alotaibi; Kamel A. Abdella. 2020. "Unveiling the Potential of Novel Macrophytes for the Treatment of Tannery Effluent in Vertical Flow Pilot Constructed Wetlands." Water 12, no. 2: 549.
The presence of diesel in the water could reduce the growth of plant and thus phytoremediation efficacy. The toxicity of diesel to plant is commonly explained; because of hydrocarbons in diesel accumulate in various parts of plants, where they disrupt the plant cell especially, the epidemis, leaves, stem and roots of the plant. This study investigated the effect of bacterial augmentation in floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) on remediation of diesel oil contaminated water. A helophytic plant, Phragmites australis (P. australis), was vegetated on a floating mat to establish FTWs for the remediation of diesel (1%, w/v) contaminated water. The FTWs was inoculated with three bacterial strains (Acinetobacter sp. BRRH61, Bacillus megaterium RGR14 and Acinetobacter iwoffii AKR1), possessing hydrocarbon degradation and plant growth-enhancing capabilities. It was observed that the FTWs efficiently removed hydrocarbons from water, and bacterial inoculation further enhanced its hydrocarbons degradation efficacy. Diesel contaminated water samples collected after fifteen days of time interval for three months and were analyzed for pollution parameters. The maximum reduction in hydrocarbons (95.8%), chemical oxygen demand (98.6%), biochemical oxygen demand (97.7%), total organic carbon (95.2%), phenol (98.9%) and toxicity was examined when both plant and bacteria were employed in combination. Likewise, an increase in plant growth was seen in the presence of bacteria. The inoculated bacteria showed persistence in the water, root and shoot of P. australis. The study concluded that the augmentation of hydrocarbons degrading bacteria in FTWs is a better option for treatment of diesel polluted water.
Muhammad Fahid; Muhammad Arslan; Ghulam Shabir; Salman Younus; Tahira Yasmeen; Muhammad Rizwan; Kamran Siddique; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Razia Tahseen; Samina Iqbal; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Afzal. Phragmites australis in combination with hydrocarbons degrading bacteria is a suitable option for remediation of diesel-contaminated water in floating wetlands. Chemosphere 2020, 240, 124890 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Fahid, Muhammad Arslan, Ghulam Shabir, Salman Younus, Tahira Yasmeen, Muhammad Rizwan, Kamran Siddique, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, Razia Tahseen, Samina Iqbal, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Afzal. Phragmites australis in combination with hydrocarbons degrading bacteria is a suitable option for remediation of diesel-contaminated water in floating wetlands. Chemosphere. 2020; 240 ():124890.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Fahid; Muhammad Arslan; Ghulam Shabir; Salman Younus; Tahira Yasmeen; Muhammad Rizwan; Kamran Siddique; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Razia Tahseen; Samina Iqbal; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Afzal. 2020. "Phragmites australis in combination with hydrocarbons degrading bacteria is a suitable option for remediation of diesel-contaminated water in floating wetlands." Chemosphere 240, no. : 124890.
The effects of different artificial diets were observed on the biological parameters (sex ratio, emergence/survival, development time) of Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) against the American bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) under laboratory conditions at 26 ± 1 °C, 65 ± 5% R.H. Four diets were comprised of gram flour, rice flour, wheat flour and corn flour. Outcome of present investigation revealed that egg to adult development time of B. hebetor ranged from 7.65 to 14 days for pre-adult durations of both males and females on corn and gram flour diets respectively. B. hebetor Female’s percentage was significantly affected by the host diet. Significant female percentage was observed on gram flour diet (59.93 %) and lowest on rice flour (47.16 %). Adult parasitoids survival was significantly higher on gram flour diet (61.70 ± 0.50) and lowest on corn flour diet (28.03 ± 0.29). Egg-larvae-pupae survival was significantly higher on the gram flour diet (81.20 ± 1.56, 89.70 ± 1.65 and 88.10 ± 0.82, respectively) compared to other treatments. Gram flour was found to be the best suited diet for parasitoid rearing. Results of this study may be used to improve mass-rearing programs of B. hebetor.
Muhammad Afzal; Muhammad Sajjad Khalil; Abubakar Muhammad Raza; Muhammad Anjum Aqueel; Huma Khalil; Muhammad Mudassir Mansoor. Bitrophic effects of artificial diets of American bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera H.) on different biological aspects of Bracon hebetor Say. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 2020, 19, 26 -30.
AMA StyleMuhammad Afzal, Muhammad Sajjad Khalil, Abubakar Muhammad Raza, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel, Huma Khalil, Muhammad Mudassir Mansoor. Bitrophic effects of artificial diets of American bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera H.) on different biological aspects of Bracon hebetor Say. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences. 2020; 19 (1):26-30.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Afzal; Muhammad Sajjad Khalil; Abubakar Muhammad Raza; Muhammad Anjum Aqueel; Huma Khalil; Muhammad Mudassir Mansoor. 2020. "Bitrophic effects of artificial diets of American bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera H.) on different biological aspects of Bracon hebetor Say." Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 19, no. 1: 26-30.
Here we compared the performance of four macrophytes namely Brachia mutica, Typha domingensis, Phragmites australis and Leptochala fusca, in bacterially assisted floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) for the clean-up of five trace metals (Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Cr) from polluted river water. The river water was artificially spiked with reagent grade chemicals to increase the trace metal pollution. The macrophytes were planted in a polystyrene sheet to prepare FTWs, which were placed over the metal-contaminated river water. The consortium of five rhizospheric and endophytic bacterial strains, i.e., Aeromonas salmonicida, Pseudomonas indoloxydans, Bacillus cerus, Pseudomonas gessardii, and Rhodococcus sp., was inoculated support the natural remediation ability. We found a significant reduction in the metal content by all four macrophytes and the removal was significantly enhanced when bacterial inoculum was applied. The maximum removal was observed in FTWs planted with P. australis and inoculated with bacteria. In this treatment (T6) the Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Cr contents were reduced to 0.53, 0.20, 0.09, 1.04 and 0.07 mg L−1 after five weeks retention time. The bacterial inoculation sufficiently increased the plant biomass. All macrophytes depicted potential to uptake and translocate trace metals in the roots instead of shoots. The bacterial inoculation acclimatize the plants roots followed by shoots and enhanced the uptake of metals by macrophytes. This study emphasized the usefulness of macrophytes-bacteria mutualism in FTWs system for the remediation of trace metals. The similar systems may provide practical solutions for the remediation of trace metals of polluted river water.
Munazzam Jawad Shahid; Shafaqat Ali; Ghulam Shabir; Muhammad Siddique; Muhammad Rizwan; Mahmoud F. Seleiman; Muhammad Afzal. Comparing the performance of four macrophytes in bacterial assisted floating treatment wetlands for the removal of trace metals (Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Cr) from polluted river water. Chemosphere 2019, 243, 125353 .
AMA StyleMunazzam Jawad Shahid, Shafaqat Ali, Ghulam Shabir, Muhammad Siddique, Muhammad Rizwan, Mahmoud F. Seleiman, Muhammad Afzal. Comparing the performance of four macrophytes in bacterial assisted floating treatment wetlands for the removal of trace metals (Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Cr) from polluted river water. Chemosphere. 2019; 243 ():125353.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMunazzam Jawad Shahid; Shafaqat Ali; Ghulam Shabir; Muhammad Siddique; Muhammad Rizwan; Mahmoud F. Seleiman; Muhammad Afzal. 2019. "Comparing the performance of four macrophytes in bacterial assisted floating treatment wetlands for the removal of trace metals (Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Cr) from polluted river water." Chemosphere 243, no. : 125353.
Coccinella septempunctata L. is a dominant predator of herbivorous pest insects (e.g. aphids) in various crops in Pakistan. A series of bioassays were conducted to determine the sublethal and residual activities of six insecticides, which are commonly used in canola crop (Brassica napus L.) in Pakistan on adult and fourth instar larvae of Coccinella septempunctata L. in laboratory conditions. We measured the mortality, uncoordination and consumption rate of coccinellid beetle to identify the products with comparatively low toxicity or short duration effects. Six insecticides (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, profenophos, chlorpyriphos, lambda-cyhalothrin and cypermethrin) were used to treat aphids and arenas at sublethal concentration (LC30). Compared to control treatment, increased mortality and knockdown effects were observed following contact with residues and prey treated with all insecticides. While predatory efficiency of both adult and larval stages of C. septempunctata was significantly decreased after treatments. However, significantly lower mortality and high prey consumption were observed after treatment with imidacloprid and thiamethoxam (neonicotinoids) compared to other four insecticides. Results of choice and no-choice tests using field doses and ½ field doses also confirmed the significant difference in consumption of prey between imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and other four chemicals. Larvae and adult of C. septempunctata preferentially consumed untreated aphids than treated aphids with ½ and maximum field dose over the 5 h experimental period. This study provides information to guide canola growers in their selection of insecticides. Coccinella septempunctata L. ist ein dominantes Raubtier für pflanzenfressende Schädlingsinsekten (z. B. Blattläuse) in verschiedenen Kulturen Pakistans. In dieser Studie wurden eine Reihe von Bioassays durchgeführt, um die subletale und die restliche Aktivität von sechs Insektiziden zu bestimmen, die üblicherweise in Raps (Brassica napus L.) in Pakistan an erwachsenen Larven und Larven im vierten Stadium von Coccinella septempunctata L. unter Laborbedingungen verwendet werden. Wir haben die Sterblichkeit, die Koordinationsstörung und die Konsumrate von Coccinellid-Käfern gemessen, um Produkte mit vergleichsweise geringer Toxizität oder Auswirkungen von kurzer Dauer zu identifizieren. Sechs Insektizide (Imidacloprid, Thiamethoxam, Profenophos, Chlorpyriphos, Lambda-Cyhalothrin und Cypermethrin) wurden zur Behandlung von Blattläusen und Arenen in subletaler Konzentration (LC30) eingesetzt. Im Vergleich zur Kontrollbehandlung wurden nach Kontakt mit Rückständen und mit allen Insektiziden behandelten Beutetieren erhöhte Mortalitäts- und Knockdown-Effekte beobachtet. Die räuberische Wirksamkeit von C. septempunctata sowohl im Erwachsenen- als auch im Larvenstadium war nach den Behandlungen signifikant verringert. Nach der Behandlung mit Imidacloprid und Thiamethoxam (Neonicotinoide) wurden im Vergleich zu den anderen vier Insektiziden jedoch eine signifikant niedrigere Mortalität und ein hoher Beuteverbrauch beobachtet. Ergebnisse von Choice- und No-Choice-Tests unter Verwendung von Felddosen und ½‑Felddosen bestätigten auch den signifikanten Unterschied im Verbrauch von Beute zwischen Imidacloprid, Thiamethoxam und den anderen vier Chemikalien. Larven und Erwachsene von C. septempunctata konsumierten bevorzugt unbehandelte Blattläuse im Vergleich zu behandelten Blattläusen mit einer halben und maximalen Felddosis über den 5‑stündigen Versuchszeitraum. Diese Studie bietet Informationen, die Rapsanbauer bei der Auswahl von Insektiziden unterstützen.
Rahat Afza; Muhammad Asam Riaz; Muhammad Afzal. Sublethal Effect of Six Insecticides on Predatory Activity and Survival of Coccinella Septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Following Contact with Contaminated Prey and Residues. Gesunde Pflanzen 2019, 72, 77 -86.
AMA StyleRahat Afza, Muhammad Asam Riaz, Muhammad Afzal. Sublethal Effect of Six Insecticides on Predatory Activity and Survival of Coccinella Septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Following Contact with Contaminated Prey and Residues. Gesunde Pflanzen. 2019; 72 (1):77-86.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRahat Afza; Muhammad Asam Riaz; Muhammad Afzal. 2019. "Sublethal Effect of Six Insecticides on Predatory Activity and Survival of Coccinella Septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Following Contact with Contaminated Prey and Residues." Gesunde Pflanzen 72, no. 1: 77-86.
Cotton is a major cash crop of Pakistan and susceptible to a variety of insect attacks including the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). In this study we determined the rate of risk of resistance development in P. solenopsis against spinosad by selection experiments and also evaluated the cross-resistance of spinosad selected population with spinetoram, profenofos, and deltamethrin. The spinosad selected population developed 539.49 and 15,233.84-fold resistance after 22 generations of selection compared with field and laboratory susceptible populations, respectively. Cross-resistance induced due to selection with spinosad was very low, medium and very high to profenofos, spinetoram, and deltamethrin, respectively in P. solenopsis. Realized heritability (h2) of spinosad resistance was 0.06. At constant slope = 1.10, ten-fold increase in resistance to spinosad would require 8.27, 3.1, and 1.91 generations for their corresponding h2 = 0.06, 0.16 and 0.26 at 95% selection intensity. At constant h2 = 0.06, the number of generations needed for ten-fold increase in spinosad resistance would be 8.27, 15.78, and 23.30 for their corresponding slope values 1.10, 2.10 and 3.10, respectively if selection intensity is 95%. The development of spinosad resistance in P. solenopsis can be reduced by adopting IPM strategies such as insecticide rotation schemes, i.e. discontinue the use of the same insecticide for as long as possible, use of refuges and adoption of suitable cultural and biological control practices.
Ansa Banazeer; Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal; Mamuna Ijaz; Sarfraz Ali Shad. Spinosad resistance selected in the laboratory strain of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): studies on risk assessment and cross-resistance patterns. Phytoparasitica 2019, 47, 531 -542.
AMA StyleAnsa Banazeer, Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal, Mamuna Ijaz, Sarfraz Ali Shad. Spinosad resistance selected in the laboratory strain of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): studies on risk assessment and cross-resistance patterns. Phytoparasitica. 2019; 47 (4):531-542.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnsa Banazeer; Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal; Mamuna Ijaz; Sarfraz Ali Shad. 2019. "Spinosad resistance selected in the laboratory strain of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): studies on risk assessment and cross-resistance patterns." Phytoparasitica 47, no. 4: 531-542.