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Jin-Xian Liao
Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan

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Journal article
Published: 30 June 2021 in Molecules
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Resveratrol butyrate esters (RBE) are derivatives of resveratrol (RSV) and butyric acid and exhibit biological activity similar to that of RSV but with higher bioavailability. The aim of this study was designed as an animal experiment to explore the effects of RBE on the serum biochemistry, and fat deposits in the offspring rats exposed to bisphenol A (BPA), along with the growth and decline of gut microbiota. We constructed an animal model of perinatal Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure to observe the effects of RBE supplementation on obesity, blood lipids, and intestinal microbiota in female offspring rats. Perinatal exposure to BPA led to weight gain, lipid accumulation, high levels of blood lipids, and deterioration of intestinal microbiota in female offspring rats. RBE supplementation reduced the weight gain and lipid accumulation caused by BPA, optimised the levels of blood lipids, significantly reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, and increased and decreased the abundance of S24-7 and Lactobacillus, respectively. The analysis of faecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels revealed that BPA exposure increased the faecal concentration of acetate, which could be reduced via RBE supplementation. However, the faecal concentrations of propionate and butyrate were not only significantly lower than that of acetate, but also did not significantly change in response to BPA exposure or RBE supplementation. Hence, RBE can suppress BPA-induced obesity in female offspring rats, and it demonstrates excellent modulatory activity on intestinal microbiota, with potential applications in perinatological research.

ACS Style

Ming-Kuei Shih; You-Lin Tain; Yu-Wei Chen; Wei-Hsuan Hsu; Yao-Tsung Yeh; Sam Chang; Jin-Xian Liao; Chih-Yao Hou. Resveratrol Butyrate Esters Inhibit Obesity Caused by Perinatal Exposure to Bisphenol A in Female Offspring Rats. Molecules 2021, 26, 4010 .

AMA Style

Ming-Kuei Shih, You-Lin Tain, Yu-Wei Chen, Wei-Hsuan Hsu, Yao-Tsung Yeh, Sam Chang, Jin-Xian Liao, Chih-Yao Hou. Resveratrol Butyrate Esters Inhibit Obesity Caused by Perinatal Exposure to Bisphenol A in Female Offspring Rats. Molecules. 2021; 26 (13):4010.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ming-Kuei Shih; You-Lin Tain; Yu-Wei Chen; Wei-Hsuan Hsu; Yao-Tsung Yeh; Sam Chang; Jin-Xian Liao; Chih-Yao Hou. 2021. "Resveratrol Butyrate Esters Inhibit Obesity Caused by Perinatal Exposure to Bisphenol A in Female Offspring Rats." Molecules 26, no. 13: 4010.

Journal article
Published: 17 May 2021 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Resveratrol can affect the physiology or biochemistry of offspring in the maternal–fetal animal model. However, it exhibits low bioavailability in humans and animals. Fifteen-week SD pregnant female rats were orally administered bisphenol A (BPA) and/or resveratrol butyrate ester (RBE), and the male offspring rats (n = 4–8 per group) were evaluated. The results show that RBE treatment (BPA + R30) compared with the BPA group can reduce the damage caused by BPA (p< 0.05). RBE enhanced the expression of selected genes and induced extramedullary hematopoiesis and mononuclear cell infiltration. RBE increased the abundance of S24-7 and Adlercreutzia in the intestines of the male offspring rats, as well as the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the feces. RBE also increased the antioxidant capacity of the liver by inducing Nrf2, promoting the expression of HO-1, SOD, and CAT. It also increased the concentration of intestinal SCFAs, enhancing the barrier formed by intestinal cells, thereby preventing BPA-induced metabolic disruption in the male offspring rats, and reduced liver inflammation. This study identified a potential mechanism underlying the protective effects of RBE against the liver damage caused by BPA exposure during the peri-pregnancy period, and the influence of the gut microbiota on the gut–liver axis in the offspring.

ACS Style

Jin-Xian Liao; Yu-Wei Chen; Ming-Kuei Shih; You-Lin Tain; Yao-Tsung Yeh; Min-Hsi Chiu; Sam Chang; Chih-Yao Hou. Resveratrol Butyrate Esters Inhibit BPA-Induced Liver Damage in Male Offspring Rats by Modulating Antioxidant Capacity and Gut Microbiota. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 5273 .

AMA Style

Jin-Xian Liao, Yu-Wei Chen, Ming-Kuei Shih, You-Lin Tain, Yao-Tsung Yeh, Min-Hsi Chiu, Sam Chang, Chih-Yao Hou. Resveratrol Butyrate Esters Inhibit BPA-Induced Liver Damage in Male Offspring Rats by Modulating Antioxidant Capacity and Gut Microbiota. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (10):5273.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jin-Xian Liao; Yu-Wei Chen; Ming-Kuei Shih; You-Lin Tain; Yao-Tsung Yeh; Min-Hsi Chiu; Sam Chang; Chih-Yao Hou. 2021. "Resveratrol Butyrate Esters Inhibit BPA-Induced Liver Damage in Male Offspring Rats by Modulating Antioxidant Capacity and Gut Microbiota." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 10: 5273.

Journal article
Published: 10 March 2021 in Antioxidants
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To expand the applications and enhance the stability and bioactivity of resveratrol (RE), and to simultaneously include the potential health benefits of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) esters of RE were prepared by Steglich reactions with acetic, propionic, and butyric acids, respectively. RE and the esterified RE-SCFA products (including RAE, RPE, and RBE) were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The FTIR and 13C NMR spectra of the esterified products included ester-characteristic peaks at 1751 cm−1 and 171 ppm, respectively. Moreover, the peaks in the range of 1700 to 1600 cm−1 in the FTIR spectra of the esterified products indicated that the esterification of RE-SCFA was successful. The TGA results revealed that the RE-SCFA esters decomposed at lower temperatures than RE. The peaks in the LC–MS profiles of the esterified products indicated the formation of mono- and diesters, and the calculated monoester synthesis rates ranged between 45.81 and 49.64%. The RE esters inhibited the Cu2+-induced low-density lipoprotein oxidation reaction, exhibited antioxidant activity in bulk oil, and effectively inhibited the hydroxyl radical-induced DNA scission. Moreover, the RE-SCFA esters had better hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity than RE. Our results are the first in the literature to successfully including short chain fatty acids in the esters of resveratrol, and the products could be used as a functional food ingredient in processed foods or can be used as dietary supplements to promote health.

ACS Style

You-Lin Tain; Sam Chang; Jin-Xian Liao; Yu-Wei Chen; Hung-Tse Huang; Yu-Lun Li; Chih-Yao Hou. Synthesis of Short-Chain-Fatty-Acid Resveratrol Esters and Their Antioxidant Properties. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 420 .

AMA Style

You-Lin Tain, Sam Chang, Jin-Xian Liao, Yu-Wei Chen, Hung-Tse Huang, Yu-Lun Li, Chih-Yao Hou. Synthesis of Short-Chain-Fatty-Acid Resveratrol Esters and Their Antioxidant Properties. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (3):420.

Chicago/Turabian Style

You-Lin Tain; Sam Chang; Jin-Xian Liao; Yu-Wei Chen; Hung-Tse Huang; Yu-Lun Li; Chih-Yao Hou. 2021. "Synthesis of Short-Chain-Fatty-Acid Resveratrol Esters and Their Antioxidant Properties." Antioxidants 10, no. 3: 420.

Journal article
Published: 14 September 2020 in Molecules
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To facilitate broad applications and enhance bioactivity, resveratrol was esterified to resveratrol butyrate esters (RBE). Esterification with butyric acid was conducted by the Steglich esterification method at room temperature with N-ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and 4-dimethyl aminopyridine (DMAP). Our experiments demonstrated the synthesis of RBE through EDC- and DMAP-facilitated esterification was successful and that the FTIR spectra of RBE revealed absorption (1751 cm−1) in the ester region. 13C-NMR spectrum of RBE showed a peak at 171 ppm corresponding to the ester group and peaks between 1700 and 1600 cm−1 in the FTIR spectra. RBE treatment (25 or 50 μM) decreased oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. This effect was stronger than that of resveratrol and mediated through the downregulation of p-ACC and SREBP-2 expression. This is the first study demonstrating RBE could be synthesized by the Steglich method and that resulting RBE could inhibit lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. These results suggest that RBE could potentially serve as functional food ingredients and supplements for health promotion.

ACS Style

You-Lin Tain; Li-Cheng Jheng; Sam K. C. Chang; Yu-Wei Chen; Li-Tung Huang; Jin-Xian Liao; Chih-Yao Hou. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Resveratrol Butyrate Esters That Have the Ability to Prevent Fat Accumulation in a Liver Cell Culture Model. Molecules 2020, 25, 4199 .

AMA Style

You-Lin Tain, Li-Cheng Jheng, Sam K. C. Chang, Yu-Wei Chen, Li-Tung Huang, Jin-Xian Liao, Chih-Yao Hou. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Resveratrol Butyrate Esters That Have the Ability to Prevent Fat Accumulation in a Liver Cell Culture Model. Molecules. 2020; 25 (18):4199.

Chicago/Turabian Style

You-Lin Tain; Li-Cheng Jheng; Sam K. C. Chang; Yu-Wei Chen; Li-Tung Huang; Jin-Xian Liao; Chih-Yao Hou. 2020. "Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Resveratrol Butyrate Esters That Have the Ability to Prevent Fat Accumulation in a Liver Cell Culture Model." Molecules 25, no. 18: 4199.

Journal article
Published: 08 February 2020 in Catalysts
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The enzymatic hydrolysis of fish proteins is the principle method for converting under-utilized fish into valuable products for the pharmaceutical and health food industries. In this study, three commercial enzymes (alcalase, bromelain, and papain) were tested for their ability to create eel protein hydrolysates (EPHs) from whole eel (Anguilla marmorata). Freeze-dried EPHs had almost more than 80% solubility (p < 0.05) in solutions ranging from pH 2–10. The amino acid profiles of the EPHs showed a high percentage of essential amino acids, including histidine, threonine, valine, isoleucine, and leucine. The emulsion activity index (EAI) of EPH resulted as follows: alcalase group (36.8 ± 2.00) > bromelain group (21.3 ± 1.30) > papain group (16.2 ± 1.22), and the emulsion stability index (ESI) of EPH was: alcalase group (4.00 ± 0.34) > bromelain group (2.62 ± 0.44) > papain group (1.44 ± 0.09). As such, EPH has a high nutritional value and could be used as a supplement to diets lacking protein. EPH showed excellent solubility and processed interfacial properties, which are governed by its concentration. Among of them the alcalase group had the best antioxidant effect at 1,1-diphenyl-2-pyridinohydrazinyl (DPPH) radical method, determination of reducing power and ABTS test compared with other groups. EPH may be useful in developing commercial products like herbal eel extracts that are beneficial to human health.

ACS Style

I-Chun Cheng; Jin-Xian Liao; Jhih-Ying Ciou; Li-Tung Huang; Yu-Wei Chen; Chih-Yao Hou. Characterization of Protein Hydrolysates from Eel (Anguilla marmorata) and Their Application in Herbal Eel Extracts. Catalysts 2020, 10, 205 .

AMA Style

I-Chun Cheng, Jin-Xian Liao, Jhih-Ying Ciou, Li-Tung Huang, Yu-Wei Chen, Chih-Yao Hou. Characterization of Protein Hydrolysates from Eel (Anguilla marmorata) and Their Application in Herbal Eel Extracts. Catalysts. 2020; 10 (2):205.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I-Chun Cheng; Jin-Xian Liao; Jhih-Ying Ciou; Li-Tung Huang; Yu-Wei Chen; Chih-Yao Hou. 2020. "Characterization of Protein Hydrolysates from Eel (Anguilla marmorata) and Their Application in Herbal Eel Extracts." Catalysts 10, no. 2: 205.