This paper compares two algorithms for three-dimensional target localization from passive radar measurements. The algorithms use bistatic range measurements from multiple transmitter-receiver pairs to calculate the target position. The algorithms derived are based on the methods known for time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) systems, namely spherical interpolation (SI) and spherical intersection (SX). Both algorithms rely on closed-form equations. A theoretical accuracy analysis of the algorithms is provided. This analysis is verified with Monte-Carlo simulations and a real-life example is presented.

This study presents an analysis of the detection range of a passive bistatic radar (PBR) by using FM radio transmitters as the illuminators of opportunity and the analysis of a required analogue‐front‐end dynamic range. Firstly, the theoretical considerations are presented in which the power budget is analysed, by taking into account the specific features of the PBR such as instantaneous reception of the direct illumination signal and weak target echoes and direct path interference removal. In the second part of this study, measurements performed by using an FM‐based PBR demonstrator PaRaDe (passive radar demonstrator) are presented. The PaRaDe is a deployable system operating in real time, developed at the Warsaw University of Technology, Poland. The measurements include a scan of a typical spectrum in the range of 88–108 MHz, and the analysis of the long range detection of the air targets.

A new approach to the passive coherent location (PCL) signal processing technique dedicated for use on mobile radar platforms is presented. The main goal of the research conducted was to present different aspects of an efficient space-time ground moving target indication (GMTI) algorithm for PCL radar mounted to airborne platforms. The algorithm described, based on displacement phase center antenna (DPCA), has been successfully tested with simulated and real-life data collected with an airborne passive radar demonstrator (PaRaDe).

This paper investigates a radar using a narrowband continuous noise waveform as an illuminating signal for the detection of moving targets. First, the theory of noise radar is presented, including the properties of the noise waveform and signal model. Next, the signal processing for noise radar is described, consisting of adaptive filtering for clutter removal, calculation of the crossambiguity function, and detection. The presented concept is validated with real-life experiments, during which cars at ranges of hundred of meters and aircraft at ranges of a few kilometers were detected.

The paper presents a family of passive coherent location (PCL) radar demonstrators, called PaRaDe (passive radar demonstrator), which were developed at Warsaw University of Technology. The systems exploit commercial FM radio transmitters as illuminators of opportunity in order to detect and track airborne targets. In the paper, the details of demonstrator systems are described and the results obtained in tests are presented.

The paper presents digital beamforming for Passive Coherent Location (PCL) radar. The considered circular antenna array is a part of a passive system developed at Warsaw University of Technology. The system is based on FM radio transmitters. The array consists of eight half-wave dipoles arranged in a circular array covering 360deg with multiple beams. The digital beamforming procedure is presented, including mutual coupling correction and antenna pattern optimization. The results of field calibration and measurements are also shown.