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Polysulphone (PSU) composites with carbon nanotubes (PSU-CNT) and graphene nanoplatelets (PSU-GNP) were developed through the solution casting process, using various weight load percentages of 1, 3, 5, and 10 wt% of CNT and GNP nanofillers. The microstructural and thermal properties of the PSU-based composites were compared. The microstructural characterisation of both composites (PSU-CNTs and PSU-GNPs) showed a strong matrix–filler interfacial interaction and uniform dispersion of CNTs and GNPs in the PSU matrix. The analysis demonstrated that both the thermal conductivity and effusivity improved with the increase in the weight percentage (wt%) of CNTs and GNPs because of the percolation effect. The polysulphone-based composite containing 10 wt% CNTs showed a remarkably high thermal conductivity value of 1.13 (W/m·K), which is 163% times higher than pure PSU. While the glass transition temperature (Tg) was shifted to a higher temperature, the thermal expansion was reduced in all the PSU-CNT and PSU-GNP composites. Interestingly, the CNTs allowed homogeneous distribution and a reasonably good interfacial network of interaction with the PSU matrix, leading to better microstructural characteristics and thermal properties than those of the PSU-GNP composites. The findings highlight the importance of controlling the nature, distribution, and content of fillers within the polymeric matrix.
Hafiz Muzammil Irshad; Abbas Saeed Hakeem; Kabeer Raza; Turki Nabieh Baroud; Muhammad Ali Ehsan; Sameer Ali; Muhammad Suleman Tahir. Design, Development and Evaluation of Thermal Properties of Polysulphone–CNT/GNP Nanocomposites. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 2080 .
AMA StyleHafiz Muzammil Irshad, Abbas Saeed Hakeem, Kabeer Raza, Turki Nabieh Baroud, Muhammad Ali Ehsan, Sameer Ali, Muhammad Suleman Tahir. Design, Development and Evaluation of Thermal Properties of Polysulphone–CNT/GNP Nanocomposites. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (8):2080.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHafiz Muzammil Irshad; Abbas Saeed Hakeem; Kabeer Raza; Turki Nabieh Baroud; Muhammad Ali Ehsan; Sameer Ali; Muhammad Suleman Tahir. 2021. "Design, Development and Evaluation of Thermal Properties of Polysulphone–CNT/GNP Nanocomposites." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8: 2080.
Developing efficient adsorbent materials for water treatment is deemed as one of the key solutions towards mitigating the contaminated water problem. Herein, several Hierarchical Porous Carbons (HPCs) with large mesopore volumes (up to 3 cm3/g) and a wide range of BET surface areas (747–1037 m2/g) were synthesized, and their heavy metal removal behaviors were investigated. Specifically, simulated lead and cadmium aqueous solutions were used to investigate the HPCs adsorption performance towards lead and cadmium removal. All the HPCs demonstrated high affinities towards lead removal compared with cadmium. Additionally, a systematic investigation was carried out to understand the structure—performance relationships for the HPCs. Interestingly, varying the adsorbent pore structure leads to different adsorbent behavior for lead compared with cadmium. The textural characteristics of the HPCs have a limited effect on the removal of cadmium ions. Accordingly, to expedite cadmium removal from aqueous samples, factors other than textural characteristics (i.e., surface chemistry) might enhance the removal process. Conversely, the removal of lead ions can be significantly controlled by the HPCs pore structure. HPC1221 (with 17 nm mesopore size, 2.8 cm3/g pore volume, 907 m2/g) showed the maximum adsorption capacity value of 12.32 mg/g for Cd2+ and 89 mg/g for Pb2+ compared to other HPCs. The significant adsorption parameters were evaluated using the response surface methodology (RSM) design. We believe that the reported insights for the structure–performance relationships will be useful for better designing highly efficient adsorbent materials.
Turki Baroud. The Influence of the Textural Characteristics of the Hierarchical Porous Carbons on the Removal of Lead and Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solution. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5790 .
AMA StyleTurki Baroud. The Influence of the Textural Characteristics of the Hierarchical Porous Carbons on the Removal of Lead and Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solution. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):5790.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTurki Baroud. 2021. "The Influence of the Textural Characteristics of the Hierarchical Porous Carbons on the Removal of Lead and Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solution." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 5790.
Electrochemical CO2 reduction over Cu could provide value-added multicarbon hydrocarbons and alcohols. Despite recent breakthroughs, it remains a significant challenge to design a catalytic system with high product selectivity. Here we demonstrate that a high selectivity of ethylene (55%) and C2+ products (77%) could be achieved by a highly modular tricomponent copolymer modified Cu electrode, rivaling the best performance using other modified polycrystalline Cu foil catalysts. Such a copolymer can be conveniently prepared by a ring-opening metathesis polymerization, thereby offering a new degree of freedom for tuning the selectivity. Control experiments indicate all three components are essential for the selectivity enhancement. A surface characterization showed that the incorporation of a phenylpyridinium component increased the film robustness against delamination. It was also shown that its superior performance is not due to a morphology change of the Cu underneath. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations indicate that a combination of increased local CO2 concentration, increased porosity for gas diffusion, and the local electric field effect together contribute to the increased ethylene and C2+ product selectivity.
Jianchun Wang; Tao Cheng; Aidan Q. Fenwick; Turki N. Baroud; Alonso Rosas-Hernández; Jeong Hoon Ko; Quan Gan; William A. Goddard Iii; Robert H. Grubbs. Selective CO2 Electrochemical Reduction Enabled by a Tricomponent Copolymer Modifier on a Copper Surface. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2021, 143, 2857 -2865.
AMA StyleJianchun Wang, Tao Cheng, Aidan Q. Fenwick, Turki N. Baroud, Alonso Rosas-Hernández, Jeong Hoon Ko, Quan Gan, William A. Goddard Iii, Robert H. Grubbs. Selective CO2 Electrochemical Reduction Enabled by a Tricomponent Copolymer Modifier on a Copper Surface. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2021; 143 (7):2857-2865.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJianchun Wang; Tao Cheng; Aidan Q. Fenwick; Turki N. Baroud; Alonso Rosas-Hernández; Jeong Hoon Ko; Quan Gan; William A. Goddard Iii; Robert H. Grubbs. 2021. "Selective CO2 Electrochemical Reduction Enabled by a Tricomponent Copolymer Modifier on a Copper Surface." Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, no. 7: 2857-2865.
We report the performance of a series of iron monophosphide (FeP) catalysts supported on highly mesoporous carbons (HMCs) with distinct mesopore size (6–17 nm) and mesopore volume (2–3 cm3 g−1) for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Our findings suggest that the mesopore size of the carbon is a key design parameter. The mesopores serve as nanoreactors and control the growth and the dispersion of FeP nanoparticles, which, in turn, determine the HER performance of the electrode. Carbons with smaller mesopore sizes confine and control the size of FeP leading to finely dispersed and fairly small (10 nm) and, thus, less active electrocatalysts. Electrocatalysts based on FeP immobilized on the mesoporous carbons show lower overpotential and lower Tafel slope and outperform those based on FeP immobilized on commercial activated carbon. This study establishes for the first time some correlations between HER performance and mesopore size and pore volume of the carbon. The findings provide further understanding and might pave the way towards a rational design of highly active electrocatalysts by delineating key design parameters for materials development.
Munzir H. Suliman; Turki N. Baroud; Mohammad N. Siddiqui; Mohammad Qamar; Emmanuel P. Giannelis. Confined growth and dispersion of FeP nanoparticles in highly mesoporous carbons as efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2021, 46, 8507 -8518.
AMA StyleMunzir H. Suliman, Turki N. Baroud, Mohammad N. Siddiqui, Mohammad Qamar, Emmanuel P. Giannelis. Confined growth and dispersion of FeP nanoparticles in highly mesoporous carbons as efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2021; 46 (12):8507-8518.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMunzir H. Suliman; Turki N. Baroud; Mohammad N. Siddiqui; Mohammad Qamar; Emmanuel P. Giannelis. 2021. "Confined growth and dispersion of FeP nanoparticles in highly mesoporous carbons as efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 46, no. 12: 8507-8518.
In dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), the electrocatalyst plays a crucial role in the counter electrode as it appreciably influences the overall efficiency of DSSC. The electrocatalyst enhances the rate of the reduction reaction that converts tri-iodide into iodide ions at the counter electrode-electrolyte interface and prevents the recombination of cations in the electrolyte and the photo-generated electrons in the semiconducting material. In any catalytic process, the surface area of the electro-catalyst in the counter electrode determines the number of sites available for interactions between the reactants and the catalyst, and consequently enhances the rate of the reaction. Here, we demonstrate that electrodes based on highly mesoporous carbon (HMC) can serve as inexpensive alternatives to platinum as the electrocatalyst in DSSC. In addition, we report for the first time a systematic investigation of several materials parameters and correlate to their photovoltaic performance. In the DSSCs experiments, the HMCs display high electrocatalytic activity with power conversion (up to 8.77%) which interestingly not only outperforms other reported porous carbons but also outperforms the conventional DSSCs with Pt catalyst.
Muhammad Younas; Turki N. Baroud; M.A. Gondal; Mohamed Dastageer; Emmanuel P. Giannelis. Highly efficient, cost-effective counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) augmented by highly mesoporous carbons. Journal of Power Sources 2020, 468, 228359 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Younas, Turki N. Baroud, M.A. Gondal, Mohamed Dastageer, Emmanuel P. Giannelis. Highly efficient, cost-effective counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) augmented by highly mesoporous carbons. Journal of Power Sources. 2020; 468 ():228359.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Younas; Turki N. Baroud; M.A. Gondal; Mohamed Dastageer; Emmanuel P. Giannelis. 2020. "Highly efficient, cost-effective counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) augmented by highly mesoporous carbons." Journal of Power Sources 468, no. : 228359.
Ceramic-based nanocomposite membranes are gaining great attention in various applications, such as water treatment; gas separation; oil and gas, amid their superior fouling resistance and remarkable chemical/thermal stability. Here, we report for the first time the use of spark plasma sintering (SPS) process to fabricate a porous alumina–carbon nanotubes (Al2O3–CNT) nanocomposite membrane for water treatment. The challenge is this work is to achieve a balance between the amount of porosity, desired for a high water flux, and the membrane strength level, required to resist the applied pressure during a water flow experiment. The effect of SPS process parameters (pressure, temperature, heating rate, and holding time) on the microstructure and properties of the developed membrane was investigated and correlated. A powder mixture composed of Al2O3 and 5 wt % CNT was prepared with the addition of starch as a pore former and gum Arabic and sodium dodecyl sulfate as dispersants. The powder mixture was then sintered using SPS to produce a solid but porous nanocomposite membrane. The structure and microstructure of the developed membrane were characterized using X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The performance of the membrane was assessed in terms of porosity, permeability, and mechanical properties. Moreover, the adsorption capability of the membrane was performed by evaluating its removal efficacy for cadmium (II) from water. The microstructural analysis revealed that CNT were distributed within the alumina matrix and located mainly along the grain boundaries. The permeability and strength were highly influenced by the sintering pressure and temperature, respectively. The results indicated that the membrane sintered at a pressure of 10 MPa, temperature of 1100 °C, holding time of 5 min, and heating rate of 200 °C/min exhibited the best combination of permeability and strength. This developed membrane showed a significant removal efficiency of 97% for cadmium (II) in an aqueous solution.
Mohamed Abdrabou Hussein; Hafiz Khurram Shahzad; Faheemuddin Patel; Muataz Ali Atieh; Nasser Al-Aqeeli; Turki Nabieh Baroud; Tahar Laoui. Porous Al2O3-CNT Nanocomposite Membrane Produced by Spark Plasma Sintering with Tailored Microstructure and Properties for Water Treatment. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 845 .
AMA StyleMohamed Abdrabou Hussein, Hafiz Khurram Shahzad, Faheemuddin Patel, Muataz Ali Atieh, Nasser Al-Aqeeli, Turki Nabieh Baroud, Tahar Laoui. Porous Al2O3-CNT Nanocomposite Membrane Produced by Spark Plasma Sintering with Tailored Microstructure and Properties for Water Treatment. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10 (5):845.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Abdrabou Hussein; Hafiz Khurram Shahzad; Faheemuddin Patel; Muataz Ali Atieh; Nasser Al-Aqeeli; Turki Nabieh Baroud; Tahar Laoui. 2020. "Porous Al2O3-CNT Nanocomposite Membrane Produced by Spark Plasma Sintering with Tailored Microstructure and Properties for Water Treatment." Nanomaterials 10, no. 5: 845.
In the present study, poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) hybrid nanoparticles were developed for intranasal delivery of galantamine, a drug used in severe to moderate cases of Alzheimer’s disease. Galantamine (GAL) was adsorbed first in hierarchical porous carbon (HPC). Formulations were characterized by FT-IR, which showed hydrogen bond formation between GAL and HPC. Furthermore, GAL became amorphous after adsorption, as confirmed by XRD and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies. GAL was quantified to be 21.5% w/w by TGA study. Adsorbed GAL was nanoencapsulated in PLLA and PLGA, and prepared nanoparticles were characterized by several techniques. Their sizes varied between 182 and 394 nm, with an exception that was observed in nanoparticles that were prepared by PLLA and adsorbed GAL that was found to be 1302 nm in size. DSC thermographs showed that GAL was present in its crystalline state in nanoparticles before its adsorption to HPC, while it remained in its amorphous phase after its adsorption in the prepared nanoparticles. It was found that the polymers controlled the release of GAL both when it was encapsulated alone and when it was adsorbed on HPC. Lastly, PLGA hybrid nanoparticles were intranasally-administered in healthy, adult, male Wistar rats. Administration led to successful delivery to the hippocampus, the brain area that is primarily and severely harmed in Alzheimer’s disease, just a few hours after a single dose.
Stavroula G. Nanaki; Konstantinos Spyrou; Chryssa Bekiari; Pelagia Veneti; Turki N. Baroud; Niki Karouta; Ioannis Grivas; Georgios C. Papadopoulos; Dimitrios Gournis; Dimitrios N. Bikiaris. Hierarchical Porous Carbon—PLLA and PLGA Hybrid Nanoparticles for Intranasal Delivery of Galantamine for Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2020, 12, 227 .
AMA StyleStavroula G. Nanaki, Konstantinos Spyrou, Chryssa Bekiari, Pelagia Veneti, Turki N. Baroud, Niki Karouta, Ioannis Grivas, Georgios C. Papadopoulos, Dimitrios Gournis, Dimitrios N. Bikiaris. Hierarchical Porous Carbon—PLLA and PLGA Hybrid Nanoparticles for Intranasal Delivery of Galantamine for Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy. Pharmaceutics. 2020; 12 (3):227.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStavroula G. Nanaki; Konstantinos Spyrou; Chryssa Bekiari; Pelagia Veneti; Turki N. Baroud; Niki Karouta; Ioannis Grivas; Georgios C. Papadopoulos; Dimitrios Gournis; Dimitrios N. Bikiaris. 2020. "Hierarchical Porous Carbon—PLLA and PLGA Hybrid Nanoparticles for Intranasal Delivery of Galantamine for Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 3: 227.
Capacitive deionization, (CDI) is a promising alternative approach for water desalination and treatment. Hierarchical Porous Carbons, HPCs, have been viewed as a promising porous structure material for electrosorption purposes. However, limitations associated with the synthesis and porosity control of HPCs limit their utilization as model systems in correlating the textural characteristics and the CDI performance. Here we report for the first time a systematic investigation using a wide range of tightly control primary mesopore size, surface area, pore volume and high mesopore fraction synthesized by the ice templation approach and correlate to their CDI performance. Larger mesopores are preferable for faster ion removal as they can provide easier pathways for the ions to diffuse and establish the electric double layer. However, smaller mesopores are more preferable in order to achieve higher salt capacity. While for meso-macro HPCs the salt capacity scales up with the BET surface area, HPCs that contain all levels of porosity (i.e. micro-meso-macro) do not show such correlation. Besides the excellent CDI performance reported, the model systems allow to delineate the role of several materials design parameters and correlate with their electrosorption behavior.
Turki N. Baroud; Emmanuel P. Giannelis. Role of Mesopore Structure of Hierarchical Porous Carbons on the Electrosorption Performance of Capacitive Deionization Electrodes. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2019, 7, 7580 -7596.
AMA StyleTurki N. Baroud, Emmanuel P. Giannelis. Role of Mesopore Structure of Hierarchical Porous Carbons on the Electrosorption Performance of Capacitive Deionization Electrodes. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2019; 7 (8):7580-7596.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTurki N. Baroud; Emmanuel P. Giannelis. 2019. "Role of Mesopore Structure of Hierarchical Porous Carbons on the Electrosorption Performance of Capacitive Deionization Electrodes." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 7, no. 8: 7580-7596.
Capacitive deionization, CDI, has emerged as an attractive alternative for water desalination. Electrodes based on Hierarchically porous carbons, HPCs, consistently show promising electrosorption performance. However, the typically low mesopore fraction and broad pore size distribution limit their utilization in practical applications. Here we report the CDI performance of a series of HPCs synthesized via ice templation possessing a high fraction of mesopore volume (85–93% of total porosity) and tight control over the amount and the size of mesopores (∼6 nm). Electrochemical measurements indicate high rate capability (82% salt retention) and outstanding cycling stability performance (100% capacitance retention over 600 cycles at 0.76 A g−1). In the CDI experiments, the HPCs display high salt capacity (up to ∼ 13 mg g−1) and consistently outperform other high surface areas commercial carbons. The existence of high fraction of mesoporosities enables better utilization of the accessible surfaces of HPCs where the introduction of micropores leads to more than 80% increase in the salt capacity. The HPCs reported here can serve as model electrode systems in studies to delineate the impact of mesoporosity (pore size and volume) on CDI performance and they may pave the way for practical CDI applications.
Turki N. Baroud; Emmanuel P. Giannelis. High salt capacity and high removal rate capacitive deionization enabled by hierarchical porous carbons. Carbon 2018, 139, 614 -625.
AMA StyleTurki N. Baroud, Emmanuel P. Giannelis. High salt capacity and high removal rate capacitive deionization enabled by hierarchical porous carbons. Carbon. 2018; 139 ():614-625.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTurki N. Baroud; Emmanuel P. Giannelis. 2018. "High salt capacity and high removal rate capacitive deionization enabled by hierarchical porous carbons." Carbon 139, no. : 614-625.