Broadband absorbers are required for solar energy harvesting because they efficiently absorb the incident photon in the wide-ranging solar spectrum. To ensure high absorption of photons, metamaterial absorbers (MMAs) have been a growing area of interest in recent years. In this article, an MMA is proposed using a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) structure (Ni–SiO₂–Ni) that shows a near-unity broadband absorption of wavelengths from 300 to 1600 nm, with a 95.77% average absorption and a peak absorption of 99.999% at 772.82 nm. The MMA is polarization insensitive as well as wide incident angle stable. Analysis of the effects of mechanical bending on the absorption of the proposed structure shows that absorption holds satisfactory values at different degrees of mechanical loading. The suggested MMA unit cell structure was computationally simulated using the Finite Integration Technique (FIT) and verified using the Finite Element Method (FEM). To analyze the feasibility of the proposed MMA as a solar cell, it is investigated with the universal AM 1.5 solar spectrum characteristics. Besides solar energy harvesting, the proposed MMA unit cell may be employed in a variety of diverse optical applications, including sensors, detectors, and imaging.

A multi-band, ultrathin, polarization-insensitive, near-perfect metamaterial absorber (PMA) has been proposed and substantiated numerically for solar thermophotovoltaic (STPV) systems which also can be used in some other applications. This kind of absorber currently drawing massive interest throughout the research of optics. Especially in solar harvesting metamaterial absorbers can give a huge boost in efficiency by intensifying the solar electromagnetic wave. Visible wavelength has been the key focus of the proposed design so that the structure can utilize solar energy proficiently. Aluminum (Al) and Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) have been chosen as materials for their higher electron mobility along with good temperature stability. The PMA is a three-layer metal-dielectric-metal called sandwiched structure. For proper characterization of the PMA absorber, extensive parametric inspections were carried out with underlying physics. The finite integration technique (FIT) in computer simulation technology microwave studio (CST MWS) is used to perform the numerical analysis and for verification finite element method (FEM) in COMSOL Multiphysics has been used along with interference theory model (ITM) for calculating the absorbance. The PMA shows 99.27%, 99.89%, 99.91%, and 99.06% perfect absorption at 454.75nm, 505.53nm, 568.72nm, and 600.85nm resonance wavelength in all three modes of waveguide propagation. The design also exhibits incident wave stability up to 60° for both transverse electric (TE), and transverse magnetic (TM) wave modes. Excellent glucose concentration sensing ability was also observed with the proposed structure. So, the proposed PMA can be implemented in solar energy harvesting devices along with solar sensors or detectors, light trappers, light modulators, or light wavelength detectors.

Solar spectrum is supposed to be a key source of renewable energy in the form of electromagnetic (EM) radiation. For efficiently harnessing this abundant energy, Metamaterial Absorber (MMA) emerges as a game-changing tool. Along with solar energy harvesting, MMA can be used in biochemical sensors, optical modulators, magnetic resonance imaging, photoelectric detectors, plasmonic sensors, etc. In this paper, a sun shape resonator-based MMA is designed with three layers of materials (W-SiO ₂ -W) and analysed for broadband absorption encompassing the entire visible region (390-760nm). The unit cell that is presented in this study is polarization-insensitive and ultrathin with an average absorption of 96.43% with an optimum peak of 99.99% at 523.22nm. The proposed MMA exhibits satisfactory absorption under various oblique angles. The effect of mechanical loading is also investigated and the MMA is found to hold good broadband absorbance for some extents of mechanical bending. Finite Integration Technique (FIT) is used to numerically simulate the proposed MMA unit cell structure and validated with the Finite Element Method (FEM). The suggested MMA in this paper can be used in many optical applications like efficient nano solar cells, imaging applications, sensors, light detectors, biochemical applications, etc.

Polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorbers (MMAs) are currently attracting a great deal of interest throughout the optical region. These kinds of MMAs can be used as energy harvesting, thermal imaging, plasmonic sensor, magnetic imaging, light trapping, optical modulator, and can help to decipher an inherence for the field. Here, a polarization-insensitive ultrathin MMA has been proposed with an extensive incident angular stability for the optical region with a sandwiched three-layer structure. Tungsten (W) and silicon dioxide (SiO ₂ ) have been chosen as materials for their various advantages in the optical spectrum with higher temperature stability. The design simulated with the finite integration technique (FIT), and validation of the simulated data is assured with the interference theory model (ITM). Underlying physics of the absorption characteristics and performance of the structure are immensely explained. The design acquired an average absorption of 96.7% from 380nm to 700nm and 96.61% for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarization. It has a peak absorption of 99.99% at 498.25nm, and over 99% from 460nm to 540nm, due to a very good impedance match with plasmonic resonance characteristics. For both TE and TM mode, it has wide angular independence up to 60°, which can be used for solar cell and solar thermo-photovoltaics (STPV). The various parametric sweep also analyzed for acquiring the geometric shape with a wide bandwidth to find resonance wavelength. As the MMA shifts its resonance wavelength with the change of its dielectric thickness, it can be used as an optical sensor. Changing dielectric in a Pyrex will enable the structure to be used as a light detector. Such outstanding absorption properties render the proposed MMA a successful candidate for the optical wavelength applications mentioned above.

Static wireless charging is becoming popular all over the world to charge the electric vehicle (EV). But an EV cannot go too far with a full charge. It will need more batteries to increase its range. Dynamic wireless charging is introduced to EVs to capitally increase their driving range and get rid of heavy batteries. Some modern EVs are getting off this situation. But with Dynamic WPT the need of plug-in charge and static WPT will be removed gradually and the total run of an EV can be limitless. If we charge an EV while it is driven, we do not need to stop or think for charging it again. Eventually, in the future the batteries can be also removed from EVs by applying this method in everywhere. Wireless charging needs two kinds of coils named the transmitter coil and the receiver coil. The receiver coil will collect power from the transmitter coil while going over it in the means of mutual induction. But the variation of distance between two adjacent coils affects the wireless power transfer (WPT). To see the variation in WPT, a system of two Archimedean coils of copper is designed and simulated for vertical and horizontal misalignment in Ansys Maxwell simulation software. The transfer power for 150 mm air gap is 3.74 kW and transfer efficiency are gained up to 92.4%. The charging time is around 1 hour and 39 minutes to fully charge its battery from 0 state for a 150mm air gap for an EV with 6.1 kW power may take. Also, a charging lane is designed for dynamic charging. Then the power transfer is calculated from mutual inductance when the EV is driven on a charging lane. From the load power, it can be calculated how further an EV can go with this extra power.