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The COVID-19 pandemic and the resultant lockdown has caused massive economic disruption, leading businesses to make a rapid transition and take a new approach to business strategy. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to examine if there are statistically significant gender differences in work satisfaction, work engagement, and work efficiency among employees who work from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, the paper aims to identify the importance of individual dimensions of work satisfaction, work engagement, and work efficiency, and gender differences perspective. The research is based on a survey of 785 employees in Slovenian companies. The factor analysis and the t-test for two independent samples were used to test the research hypotheses. Findings: The results show significant gender differences in work satisfaction, work engagement, and work efficiency among employees who work from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper provides change management insights and recommendations to assist companies in minimizing the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their employees.
Maja Rožman; Simona Sternad Zabukovšek; Samo Bobek; Polona Tominc. Gender Differences in Work Satisfaction, Work Engagement and Work Efficiency of Employees during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case in Slovenia. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8791 .
AMA StyleMaja Rožman, Simona Sternad Zabukovšek, Samo Bobek, Polona Tominc. Gender Differences in Work Satisfaction, Work Engagement and Work Efficiency of Employees during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case in Slovenia. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):8791.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaja Rožman; Simona Sternad Zabukovšek; Samo Bobek; Polona Tominc. 2021. "Gender Differences in Work Satisfaction, Work Engagement and Work Efficiency of Employees during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case in Slovenia." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 8791.
Purpose The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has caused stress for everyone and impacted the lives of people globally. Such stress increases troubles for the employees. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to identify symptoms of health problems that employees face during the COVID-19 epidemic. Also, the aim of the paper is to examine if there are statistically significant differences in the physical, emotional and behavioral symptoms of health problems among employees before the COVID-19 epidemic and employees during the COVID-19 epidemic. Design/methodology/approach The research is based on a survey of 950 employees in Slovenian companies. The factor analysis and the t-test for two independent samples were used to test the hypotheses of the research. Findings The results show that physical, emotional and behavioral symptoms of health problems of employees during the COVID-19 epidemic are intensified as compared to the before COVID-19 epidemic era. Originality/value The results highlight the measures with which companies can reduce the problem of different symptoms of employees during the COVID-19 epidemic. The results can be useful for employers and for managers who want to create an adequate working environment for employees during the COVID-19 epidemic.
Maja Rožman; Polona Tominc. The physical, emotional and behavioral symptoms of health problems among employees before and during the COVID-19 epidemic. Employee Relations: The International Journal 2021, ahead-of-p, 1 .
AMA StyleMaja Rožman, Polona Tominc. The physical, emotional and behavioral symptoms of health problems among employees before and during the COVID-19 epidemic. Employee Relations: The International Journal. 2021; ahead-of-p (ahead-of-p):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaja Rožman; Polona Tominc. 2021. "The physical, emotional and behavioral symptoms of health problems among employees before and during the COVID-19 epidemic." Employee Relations: The International Journal ahead-of-p, no. ahead-of-p: 1.
The purpose of this article is to present research on the importance of requisitely holistically selected organisational climate components and to determine their impact on work engagement of employees in 626 medium-sized organisations in Slovenia, the EU. The quantitative research is based on the implementation of an exploratory factor analysis, a simple linear regression analysis and the CFA 6-factor solution for validity purposes. Based on the research results, we confirmed the hypothesis that organisational climate components leadership, employee relations, employee commitment, employee satisfaction and employee motivation have a significant positive impact on work engagement of employees in medium-sized organisations. The results help users to better understand the importance of organisational climate in the Slovenian organisations. Successful organisations should realise the importance of organisational climate components, which enhance job performance and work engagement. Thus, they must fully master all of the employee-related processes of the organisation. The article is based on examination of the selected components of organisational climate with which organisations can impact work engagement of their employees. A new conceptual model was developed and confirmed.
Maja Rožman; Tjaša Štrukelj. Organisational climate components and their impact on work engagement of employees in medium-sized organisations. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja 2020, 34, 775 -806.
AMA StyleMaja Rožman, Tjaša Štrukelj. Organisational climate components and their impact on work engagement of employees in medium-sized organisations. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja. 2020; 34 (1):775-806.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaja Rožman; Tjaša Štrukelj. 2020. "Organisational climate components and their impact on work engagement of employees in medium-sized organisations." Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja 34, no. 1: 775-806.
The purpose of this article is to present the relationships among older employee stress, motivation, satisfaction, and relationships in the workplace using two different approaches and different sample sizes. Research was implemented on an initial sample of 1013 older employees. In the next step, six smaller samples were calculated using the random selection of cases, namely samples with 25, 50, 100, 250, 400, and 500 older employees. This way the possible impact of sample size on relationships between latent variables using the covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) and the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) methods was assessed. The results on the larger samples have proved to be quite robust since they were confirmed with both approaches. They indicate that stress has a strong and negative impact on employee relationships and also a negative impact on employee satisfaction. Furthermore, employee relationships have a strong and positive impact on satisfaction and a positive impact on employee motivation. In addition, satisfaction has a strong and positive impact on employee motivation. The present paper helps readers to better understand the difference between the CB-SEM and the PLS-SEM methods. Researchers should be encouraged to use both techniques, even though CB-SEM methods have had a long tradition in management and marketing research since both fields heavily rely on psychometric measurement. From the organizational point of view, conclusions highlight the importance of the impact the variables of older employee stress, motivation, satisfaction and employee relations have on each other in the workplace.
Maja Rožman; Polona Tominc; Borut Milfelner. A Comparative Study Using Two SEM Techniques on Different Samples Sizes for Determining Factors of Older Employee’s Motivation and Satisfaction. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2189 .
AMA StyleMaja Rožman, Polona Tominc, Borut Milfelner. A Comparative Study Using Two SEM Techniques on Different Samples Sizes for Determining Factors of Older Employee’s Motivation and Satisfaction. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2189.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaja Rožman; Polona Tominc; Borut Milfelner. 2020. "A Comparative Study Using Two SEM Techniques on Different Samples Sizes for Determining Factors of Older Employee’s Motivation and Satisfaction." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2189.
Future economic growth and competitiveness will increasingly depend on how effectively employers can utilise their ageing workforces. To manage the inevitable changes in demographics, employers need to start preparing for an ageing workforce and developing strategies to manage and retain older employees. The main objective of this paper is to determine the impact of leadership and employee relations on work satisfaction of older employees, as well as to determine the impact of work satisfaction on the work engagement of older employees in financial service companies in Slovenia. To test the hypotheses, the authors used structural equation modelling. The results show that the effects of leadership and employee relations on work satisfaction in the case of older employees in financial service companies in Slovenia are positive, and the effect of work satisfaction on the work engagement of older employees is positive, too.
Maja Rožman; Vesna Čančer. Multidimensional model of managing older employees: The case of financial service companies in Slovenia. Croatian Review of Economic, Business and Social Statistics 2019, 5, 76 -89.
AMA StyleMaja Rožman, Vesna Čančer. Multidimensional model of managing older employees: The case of financial service companies in Slovenia. Croatian Review of Economic, Business and Social Statistics. 2019; 5 (2):76-89.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaja Rožman; Vesna Čančer. 2019. "Multidimensional model of managing older employees: The case of financial service companies in Slovenia." Croatian Review of Economic, Business and Social Statistics 5, no. 2: 76-89.
In light of globalization and modern business, companies are typically exposed to challenges caused by unpredictable and complex competitive environments. The business environment, with global trends and stringent competition in the world market, now faces significant changes that companies should introduce into their current business operations. Among them, the human resource management of knowledge employees has become extremely important. The main aim of this article is to establish the impact of components of knowledge management on work engagement of employees in Slovenian companies. In the empirical part of the research, a sample of 112 Slovenian companies was obtained. Senior managers of companies and their employees were surveyed, using the questionnaire developed based on existing measurement scales. The results will help us to better understand the importance of knowledge management in Slovenian companies and its importance as a business strategy that must be fully integrated within all of the employees’ related processes of the company.
Maja Rožman; Zhanna Shmeleva; Polona Tominc. Knowledge Management Components and Their Impact on Work Engagement of Employees. Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy 2019, 65, 40 -56.
AMA StyleMaja Rožman, Zhanna Shmeleva, Polona Tominc. Knowledge Management Components and Their Impact on Work Engagement of Employees. Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy. 2019; 65 (1):40-56.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaja Rožman; Zhanna Shmeleva; Polona Tominc. 2019. "Knowledge Management Components and Their Impact on Work Engagement of Employees." Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy 65, no. 1: 40-56.
Background and Purpose: Age diverse employees are faced with different types of occupational stress and different symptoms of burnout when carrying out their work. Therefore, the role of age in job design and implementation of work should not be ignored. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the age differences of occupational stress and symptoms of burnout of employees and to analyze the impact of occupational stress, symptoms of burnout and age on employees’ work satisfaction. Methodology: The paper is based on research that includes a survey of employees in two age groups: younger employees under 50 years of age and older employees between 50 to 65 years of age. Factor analysis was used to form the constructs of occupational stress, symptoms of burnout and employees’ work satisfaction. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to test differences in the obtained constructs of occupational stress and symptoms of burnout in the workplace between two independent groups. The multiple regression analysis was used to examine the impact of occupational stress, symptoms of burnout and age on employees’ work satisfaction. Results: The results show there are statistically significant differences in occupational stress and symptoms of burnout in the workplace between older and younger employees. On average, younger employees perceived higher levels of occupational stress and burnout as compared to the older group. Research results also show that occupational stress, behavioral symptoms and emotional symptoms of burnout, as well as age, have a significant impact on employees’ work satisfaction. Conclusion: Managing diversity requires a strategic approach to managing people at work. Therefore, this research adds to the body of knowledge by pointing out the relationship between age and occupational stress and burnout symptoms. Because the role of age in job design has largely been ignored, these relationships have not been studied enough.
Maja Rožman; Anastasiia Grinkevich; Polona Tominc. Occupational Stress, Symptoms of Burnout in the Workplace and Work Satisfaction of the Age-diverse Employees. orga 2019, 52, 46 -52.
AMA StyleMaja Rožman, Anastasiia Grinkevich, Polona Tominc. Occupational Stress, Symptoms of Burnout in the Workplace and Work Satisfaction of the Age-diverse Employees. orga. 2019; 52 (1):46-52.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaja Rožman; Anastasiia Grinkevich; Polona Tominc. 2019. "Occupational Stress, Symptoms of Burnout in the Workplace and Work Satisfaction of the Age-diverse Employees." orga 52, no. 1: 46-52.
The collection of exercises is intended primarily to guide students how to use the SPSS statistical software package for selected statistical methodologies that fall within the quantitative part of the course Research methods, at the Master's study program Economic and Business Science, at the University of Maribor, Faculty of Economics and Business. The material is a supplement to the basic study literature for the quantitative part of the course and to the methodological approaches discussed at lectures. The material is intended for students to study and understand the classification of statistical quantitative methods, depending on the characteristics of the collected data and research assumptions. The substantive analysis is presented in order to guide students how to correctly interpret the obtained results with the SPSS software. An integral part of the active participation of students at lectures is an interpretation of the results obtained to support business decision-making. We wish students a successful use of the methodologies discussed. Zbirka vaj je namenjena predvsem uporabi statističnega programskega paketa SPSS za izbrane vsebinske sklope, ki sodijo v okvir kvantitativnega dela predmeta Metode raziskovanja, na magistrskem študijskem programu Ekonomske in poslovne vede, na UM EPF. Gradivo je dopolnitev k osnovni študijski literaturi pri kvantitativnem delu predmetu in k sklopom, obravnavanim v okviru predavanj. Gradivo je namenjeno študentom pri študiju in razumevanju klasifikacije kvantitativnih metod, glede na značilnosti zbranih podatkov in glede na postavljene raziskovalne domneve. Vsebinska analiza je prikazana z namenom pravilne razlage dobljenih rezultatov, pridobljenih s programom SPSS. Sestavni del aktivnega dela študentov na vajah pa je interpretacija dobljenih rezultatov za podporo poslovnemu odločanju. Študentom želimo uspešno uporabo obravnavanih metod.
Polona Tominc; Vesna Čančer; Maja Rožman. A Collection of Exercises for the Research Methods Course. A Collection of Exercises for the Research Methods Course 2018, 1 .
AMA StylePolona Tominc, Vesna Čančer, Maja Rožman. A Collection of Exercises for the Research Methods Course. A Collection of Exercises for the Research Methods Course. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePolona Tominc; Vesna Čančer; Maja Rožman. 2018. "A Collection of Exercises for the Research Methods Course." A Collection of Exercises for the Research Methods Course , no. : 1.
The main objective of the paper is to determine the impact of behavioral symptoms of burnout of older employees on their work engagement in large- and mediumsized companies in Slovenia. The research is based on the implementation of a factor analysis by which we wanted to reduce the large number of variables into a smaller number of factors. With those factors, we performed a simple linear regression. Based on the results, we confirmed the hypothesis that behavioral symptoms of burnout of older employees have a statistically significant negative impact on their work engagement. Well-being of employees of varying ages in the workplace is key for long-term effectiveness of companies. From this point of view, companies should apply appropriate measures to reduce burnout as well as to contribute to employees’ well-being and better workplace performance, which is reflected in work engagement of employees.
Maja Rožman; Sonja Treven; Marijan Cingula. The Impact of Behavioral Symptoms of Burnout on Work Engagement of Older Employees: The Case of Slovenian Companies. Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy 2018, 64, 3 -11.
AMA StyleMaja Rožman, Sonja Treven, Marijan Cingula. The Impact of Behavioral Symptoms of Burnout on Work Engagement of Older Employees: The Case of Slovenian Companies. Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy. 2018; 64 (3):3-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaja Rožman; Sonja Treven; Marijan Cingula. 2018. "The Impact of Behavioral Symptoms of Burnout on Work Engagement of Older Employees: The Case of Slovenian Companies." Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy 64, no. 3: 3-11.
It is important to know that a satisfied and motivated employee is a vital prerequisite for a healthy company. Stressful, depressed, and dissatisfied employees would not be able to obtain the same quality level of work and productivity as those employees with low stress and high satisfaction. From this perspective, it is important that employers can create a safe and friendly environment to work. Further, it has become important to understand the role of individual differences in examining the effects of job characteristics on job attitudes. That means that job characteristics are not experienced in the same way by all workers. Given the demographic shifts in today’s workplace, worker age would appear to be such an important individual difference. The role of age in the relationship between job characteristics and job attitudes is important, because with the aging population, it is important to see how jobs might be redesigned to enable people to continue to work successfully. To examine the interplay between age and work characteristics is appropriate because people generally spend a significant part of their life span working and, therefore, have ample opportunity to display these adaptive processes throughout their working lives, but the role of age in job design has largely been ignored. The main aim of this paper is to present burnout in the workplace of older employees compared to younger employees in Slovenian companies. We examined burnout in the workplace with physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms. The paper reports on a research including a survey between two age groups of employees, namely, the younger employees that were classified in the group of under 50 years of age and the older employees that were classified in the group of above 50 years of age. Since the Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk test showed that the data were not normally distributed, the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test was used to verify differences in the physical symptoms of burnout, emotional symptoms of burnout, and behavioral symptoms of burnout in the workplace between two groups. The results show that there are significant differences in the great majority of the variables describing the physical symptoms of burnout, emotional symptoms of burnout, and behavioral symptoms of burnout in the workplace between younger and older employees in Slovenian companies.
Maja Rožman; Sonja Treven; Vesna Čančer. Symptoms of Burnout in the Workplace: Comparison Between the Older and Younger Employees in Slovenian Companies. Sustainable Transport Development, Innovation and Technology 2018, 291 -305.
AMA StyleMaja Rožman, Sonja Treven, Vesna Čančer. Symptoms of Burnout in the Workplace: Comparison Between the Older and Younger Employees in Slovenian Companies. Sustainable Transport Development, Innovation and Technology. 2018; ():291-305.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaja Rožman; Sonja Treven; Vesna Čančer. 2018. "Symptoms of Burnout in the Workplace: Comparison Between the Older and Younger Employees in Slovenian Companies." Sustainable Transport Development, Innovation and Technology , no. : 291-305.
Maja Rožman; Polona Tominc. Management of Age Diversity at the Workplace. Our Economy, Journal of Contemporary Issues in Economics and Business 2014, 60, 3 -11.
AMA StyleMaja Rožman, Polona Tominc. Management of Age Diversity at the Workplace. Our Economy, Journal of Contemporary Issues in Economics and Business. 2014; 60 (5):3-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaja Rožman; Polona Tominc. 2014. "Management of Age Diversity at the Workplace." Our Economy, Journal of Contemporary Issues in Economics and Business 60, no. 5: 3-11.