This study investigates the spatiotemporal evolution of the Yellow River Delta shoreline from 1976 to 2024 using 156 remote sensing images and hydrological data. By integrating waterline extraction, DSAS model, and EPR index analysis, quantified shoreline dynamics and identified dominant drivers. Results reveal distinct subregional patterns: the Diaokou Subdelta transitioned from severe erosion (-372.1 m/a, 1976–2002) to dynamic equilibrium (109.5 m/a post-2016) under alternating marine and anthropogenic controls. The Qingshuigou Subdelta exhibited extreme shifts from rapid progradation (1453.9 m/a, 1976–1996) to intense erosion (-1761.0 m/a post-1996) due to channel diversion and sediment deprivation. Dongying Port maintained weak deposition (11.2 m/a) through artificial levee effects, while the active river mouth sustained persistent accretion (3.75 km/a post-2016) under natural sediment supply. Key drivers include fluvial sediment flux (dominant in progradation phases), marine erosion (critical in abandoned lobes), and engineering interventions (e.g., levees reduced erosion by 68.55 m/a). This study highlights the necessity of balancing natural processes and human interventions for coastal resilience, providing a scientific foundation for delta management and sustainable governance.

The buoy automatic observation is greatly influenced by the marine environment. The quality of buoy observation data needs to be tested before it is applied. In this paper, buoy observation data is verified with the ocean station and ocean section observation data, and the reliability of buoy observation is analyzed. On this basis, the hydrometeorological condition in the central Bohai Sea is analyzed for surface water temperature, surface salinity, sea surface air temperature and sea surface pressure. The results show: The reliability and continuity of buoy observation of sea surface water temperature, sea surface air temperature and sea surface pressure are high; the reliability of sea surface salinity, average wind speed, average wind direction, significant wave height, significant wave period, average wave height and average wave period are low. The hydrometeorological condition in the central Bohai Sea analyzed by buoy observation data is basically consistent with the existing research conclusions. The lowest water temperature in the central Bohai Sea occurs in February.