Erica arborea L. is a medicinal plant vastly used in therapeutic purposes in several parts of the world for antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and diuretic purposes, and in treating urinary infections and kidney stones. The current investigation aimed to evaluate the medicinal use of E. arborea in Algeria's Bejaia region, and to examine the anti-urolithiatic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory (in vivo), analgesic, and toxicity effects of E. arborea hydromethanolic extracts from leaves (EALE) and flowers (EALE) to give a justification for its use in the traditional medicine. The in vitro anti-urolithiathic activity of E. arborea leaf and flower hydromethanolic extracts nucleation and aggregation of crystals were measured using spectrophotometric methods. The agar disk diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination were employed to estimate the antibacterial effect of EAME against three Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacterial strains in vitro. In addition, the xylene and croton oil-induced ear edema methods in mice were used to examine the topical and oral anti-inflammatory potential of the extracts. Similarly, the analgesic effect of the extract was assessed via the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction in mice, whereas the acute toxicity of EAME was conducted following OECD guidelines. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted among 171 informants with 212 questionnaire cards. Results indicated that 28.04 % of people in the studied region used E. arborea in traditional folk medicine. Additionally, results revealed the presence of epicatechin, palmitic acid, and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside in the plant extracts. Results also showed that EAME exhibits significant and dose-dependent anti-urolithiatic activity in nucleation and aggregation assays. Furthermore, results revealed that the extracts exhibit significant antibacterial activity. The E. arborea flower extract (EAFE) showed maximum antibacterial activity, especially against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. gallinarum, and B. cereus. In addition, a greater minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in this extract was found at 1.60 mg/mL against M. luteus strain compared to the positive control. Moreover, the EAME caused a significant inhibition influence in the xylene and croton oil-induced edematous in mice. In contrast, the topical anti-inflammatory potential showed that extracts exhibit a considerable anti-edematogenic effect in both animal models. In the writhing reaction induced by the acetic acid model, the two extracts significantly reduced abdominal contractions. Finally, results of the toxicity assay showed that EAME is safe and no deaths or changes in mice behavior were observed even when doses as high as 5 g/kg DW were used. From the ethnopharmacological studies, our consequences endorse the benefit of E. arborea in folk medicine. Results of this investigation suggest that the leaf and flower extracts of E. arborea exhibit notable anti-urolithiatic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antibacterial activities and are safe as a natural source of drugs with the above effects.

The methanolic extract and different sub-fractions of the Erica arborea L. stems were used in the current study to determine their potential for a some range of activities ; the antioxidant activities were tested by 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing assays, and its antimicrobial potential were evaluated against six pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella gallinarum, Staphylococcus aureus), three fungal strains (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus brasiliensis and one yeast (Candida albicans). Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using serial dilution microplates method. Comparative study of Methanolic, chloroform, ethyle acetate and aqueous extracts of E. arborea L. stems were realized for of its naturel polyphenols composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. In addition, all these sub-fractions were used for preliminary quantification of certain important secondary bio-molecules. It was found the ethyl acetate extract of stems shows highest amount of polyphenols and flavonoids content. Whereas, the aqueous extract exhibited the highest value of condensed tannins. Stems ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with the lowest IC50 values of 0.02mg/mL for DPPH and 0.006mg/mL for ferric reducing power. Among the various extracts, methanol extract showed moderate antibacterial activity against bacteria. P. aeruginosa bacteria strain is found to be more sensitive to the ethyl acetate stems extract of E. arborea (17.60±0.85mm) with MIC and MBC respectives values of 1.56±0.25 and 2.51±0.27mg/mL. The yeast and fungal strains have n’t presented any sensibility to all stems extracts tested. This study also showed the antioxidant potential of E. arborea. L stems and the great medicinal importance of its natural phytochemicals.

Scabiosa atropurpurea L. is a medicinal herb that has been traditionally employed for the treatment of diverse ailments. This work aimed to determine the phytochemical composition and assess the antioxidant capacity of aqueous and methanolic extracts derived from the aerial part of S. atropurpurea L., which grows in Algeria. The content of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, and many other bioactive components was measured using colorimetric methods. The antioxidant capabilities were evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging, iron chelating, reducing power, and phosphomolybdate models. The quantitative phytochemical analysis showed that CrE had a greater amount of polyphenols and flavonoids, with 114.13±0.92µg GAE/mg DE and 100.57±0.93 µg QE/mg DE, respectively. AE had the greatest value of condensed tannins, with 41.04±0.64 µg CE/mg DE. AE exhibited a potential impact on iron chelating and reducing power tests. Nevertheless, AE and CrE exhibited significant efficacy in DPPH scavenging and phosphomolybdate testing. The findings suggest that extracts derived from S. atropurpurea have a high quantity of phytochemical components and exhibit notable antioxidant properties, making them a potential source of natural antioxidants.