Metal-supported oxide cells (MSCs) are considered as the third-generation solid oxide cells (SOCs) succeeding electrolyte-supported (first generation) and anode-supported (second generation) cells, which have gained much attention and progress in the past decade. The use of metal supports and advanced technical methods (such as infiltrated electrodes) has vastly improved cell performance, especially with its rapid startup ability and power density, showing a significant decrease in raw materials cost. However, new degradation mechanisms appeared, limiting the further improvement of the performance and lifetime. This review encapsulates the degradation mechanisms and countermeasures in the field of MSCs, reviewing the challenges and recommendations for future development.

In this study, micro-computed tomography (CT) is utilized to detect defects of Ti-6Al-4V specimens fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM), which are two popular metal additive manufacturing methods. SLM and EBM specimens were fabricated with random defects at a specific porosity. The capability of micro-CT to evaluate inclusion defects in the SLM and EBM specimens is discussed. The porosity of EBM specimens was analyzed through image processing of CT single slices. An empirical method is also proposed to estimate the porosity of reconstructed models of the CT scan.