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Prof. Luisa F. Cabeza
University of Lleida

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0 Climate Change
0 Renewable Energy
0 Thermal Energy Storage
0 Energy Efficiency and Sustainability

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Journal article
Published: 29 August 2021 in Applied Sciences
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The global need for healthy and safe open spaces faces continuous temperature rise due to the heat island phenomenon and climate change. This problem requires new strategies for improving the habitability of open spaces (indoor and outdoor conditions in buildings). These techniques include reducing solar radiation, reducing the temperature of surrounding surfaces, and reducing the air temperature. The radiant solutions are essential for outdoor comfort, both in summer and in winter. They are easy to integrate into open spaces. This study explores a new concept of radiant solutions adapted for outdoor spaces. The solution was evaluated in a test cell to obtain its thermal behaviour in different operation conditions. Solutions were optimised for operating in a cooling regimen since it has been identified that the demands for comfort in open spaces in hot climates during the most severe summer months are more pronounced. Experimental results have allowed getting an inverse model to analyse the thermal behaviour of the solution. The inverse model achieved high precision in its estimations. Also, it facilitated knowing the radiant and convective effects. Only the radiant heat flux is relevant in open spaces with a low level of air confinement. Finally, the discussion describes the application of the proposed model. The model allows the replicability of the solution—creating new designs (integration) or evaluating into different operating conditions of the system. This discussion demonstrates the high level of knowledge acquired in the characterisation of the solution studied.

ACS Style

Mcarmen Guerrero Delgado; Daniel Castro Medina; Jose Sánchez Ramos; Teresa Rocío Palomo Amores; Servando Álvarez Domínguez; José Antonio Tenorio Ríos. Adaptative Cover to Achieve Thermal Comfort in Open Spaces of Buildings: Experimental Assessment and Modelling. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 7998 .

AMA Style

Mcarmen Guerrero Delgado, Daniel Castro Medina, Jose Sánchez Ramos, Teresa Rocío Palomo Amores, Servando Álvarez Domínguez, José Antonio Tenorio Ríos. Adaptative Cover to Achieve Thermal Comfort in Open Spaces of Buildings: Experimental Assessment and Modelling. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (17):7998.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mcarmen Guerrero Delgado; Daniel Castro Medina; Jose Sánchez Ramos; Teresa Rocío Palomo Amores; Servando Álvarez Domínguez; José Antonio Tenorio Ríos. 2021. "Adaptative Cover to Achieve Thermal Comfort in Open Spaces of Buildings: Experimental Assessment and Modelling." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17: 7998.

Journal article
Published: 22 August 2021 in Energies
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Six supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) were identified to be incorporated in concrete exposed to high-temperature cycling conditions within the thermal energy storage literature. The selected SCMs are bauxite, chamotte, ground granulated blast furnace slag, iron silicate, silica fume, and steel slag. A microstructural characterization was carried out through an optical microscope, X-ray diffraction analysis, and FT-IR. Also, a pozzolanic test was performed to study the reaction of SCMs silico-aluminous components. The formation of calcium silica hydrate was observed in all SCMs pozzolanic test. Steel slag, iron silicate, and ground granulated blast furnace slag required further milling to enhance cement reaction. Moreover, the tensile strength of three fibers (polypropylene, steel, and glass fibers) was tested after exposure to an alkalinity environment at ambient temperature during one and three months. Results show an alkaline environment entails a tensile strength decrease in polypropylene and steel fibers, leading to corrosion in the later ones.

ACS Style

Laura Boquera; David Pons; Ana Inés Fernández; Luisa F. Cabeza. Characterization of Supplementary Cementitious Materials and Fibers to Be Implemented in High Temperature Concretes for Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Application. Energies 2021, 14, 5190 .

AMA Style

Laura Boquera, David Pons, Ana Inés Fernández, Luisa F. Cabeza. Characterization of Supplementary Cementitious Materials and Fibers to Be Implemented in High Temperature Concretes for Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Application. Energies. 2021; 14 (16):5190.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Boquera; David Pons; Ana Inés Fernández; Luisa F. Cabeza. 2021. "Characterization of Supplementary Cementitious Materials and Fibers to Be Implemented in High Temperature Concretes for Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Application." Energies 14, no. 16: 5190.

Journal article
Published: 16 August 2021 in Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells
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Concrete is identified in the literature as a suitable material for thermal energy storage applications, with even innovative application potentials such as storage media in concentrating solar power plants. To ensure a suitable heat transfer among concrete components, the binder material of concrete (cement paste) require further research and understanding to this aim. In particular, the thermal stability of cement paste under temperature cycled conditions arises as a research gap. In this study, ordinary Portland and calcium aluminate cement types were selected using a low water-cement ratio. Thermo-mechanical properties were studied before and after 1, 10, and 25 or 50 thermal cycles at 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C, and 800 °C. Although ordinary Portland cement paste showed micro-cracking propagation after 25 thermal cycles from ambient temperature to 200 °C and 400 °C, both cement pastes preserved their integrity, being compressive strength higher in ordinary Portland cement. On the contrary, after 25 or 50 thermal cycles at 600 °C and 800 °C, only calcium aluminate cement preserved its integrity, while ordinary Portland cement revealed a fragmentation status. Despite the compressive strength decrease in calcium aluminate paste at 600 °C and 800 °C, as a result of porosity increase, the properties were maintained after 10 thermal cycles. However, thermal conductivity in calcium aluminate paste was reduced nearly 50% after the first cycle at temperatures higher than 200 °C.

ACS Style

Laura Boquera; J. Ramon Castro; Anna Laura Pisello; Claudia Fabiani; Antonella D'Alessandro; Filippo Ubertini; Luisa F. Cabeza. Thermal and mechanical performance of cement paste under high temperature thermal cycles. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2021, 231, 111333 .

AMA Style

Laura Boquera, J. Ramon Castro, Anna Laura Pisello, Claudia Fabiani, Antonella D'Alessandro, Filippo Ubertini, Luisa F. Cabeza. Thermal and mechanical performance of cement paste under high temperature thermal cycles. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 2021; 231 ():111333.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Boquera; J. Ramon Castro; Anna Laura Pisello; Claudia Fabiani; Antonella D'Alessandro; Filippo Ubertini; Luisa F. Cabeza. 2021. "Thermal and mechanical performance of cement paste under high temperature thermal cycles." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 231, no. : 111333.

Journal article
Published: 27 July 2021 in Energies
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In recent years, the urgent necessity and tremendous opportunity to accelerate the transition to a low-carbon competitive economy has resulted in growth of long-term targets for renewable energy and energy efficiency, which are coming from policy bodies worldwide. The inherent distributed nature of renewable energies, together with the modularity of those technologies, brings opportunities for consumer empowerment in terms of participation. Nevertheless, there is still the need for increasing global awareness and enabling policies, to strengthen the citizen role in the energy system, facilitating their proactive participation as renewable energy purchasers, investors, and clean energy producers. Drawing from research interviews and the academic literature, this article conceptualizes the understanding of the need for improving public attitudes and explores the factors influencing the acceptance in terms of misconceptions, best communication practices, activities addressing public concerns, and potential actions to bolster public support towards renewable energy. Research interviews were conducted at a technical workshop on social acceptance of renewable energy, held in Abu Dhabi in October 2013, and the findings show that despite detecting an increasing trend towards greater and more active participation of citizens, many misconceptions together with insufficient and inefficient awareness and communication initiatives on renewable energies persist. The main conclusions can be used as a basis for formulating sustainable energy communication and awareness campaigns in order to enhance public acceptance and increase active participation in renewable energy technologies.

ACS Style

Hugo Lucas; Ruth Carbajo; Tomoo Machiba; Evgeny Zhukov; Luisa Cabeza. Improving Public Attitude towards Renewable Energy. Energies 2021, 14, 4521 .

AMA Style

Hugo Lucas, Ruth Carbajo, Tomoo Machiba, Evgeny Zhukov, Luisa Cabeza. Improving Public Attitude towards Renewable Energy. Energies. 2021; 14 (15):4521.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hugo Lucas; Ruth Carbajo; Tomoo Machiba; Evgeny Zhukov; Luisa Cabeza. 2021. "Improving Public Attitude towards Renewable Energy." Energies 14, no. 15: 4521.

Research article
Published: 23 July 2021 in Energy Storage
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Shape-stabilized phase change materials (SS-PCM) are promising materials given their potential to control leakage of liquid PCM. However, SS-PCM still has low thermal conductivity and high flammability, which are important properties for several applications such the thermal indoor comfort in buildings. In this study, two new polymeric SS-PCM were developed and their properties were optimized by the use of different additives. Both, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyoxymethylene (POM) work as matrix materials and MPCM 28 from Microtek acts as PCM. Besides, the graphite was used as an additive material to increase the thermal conductivity, and the magnesium hydroxide to minimize flammability of the composite. Both inorganic fillers also help in the PCM dispersion within the matrix. To evaluate the effect of each component seven formulations were manufactured by a single screw extruder and a set of characterization (Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), for thermophysical evaluation, and dynamical mechanical analyses (DMA), for thermomechanical evaluation) over 1000 thermal cycles was performed. The main outputs of the investigation are the proposed formulations have a good fire reaction performance, whereas their thermal and chemical stability are guaranteed up to 1000 cycles. The HDPE samples present around 12 kJ/kg melting enthalpy when 10 wt.% microencapsulated PCM is included in the formulation. In addition, the POM samples present around 7.5 kJ/kg when 10 wt.% microencapsulated PCM is included in the formulation. For all formulations, the melting enthalpy obtained is around 27.5°C, in concordance with the reported by the manufacturer.

ACS Style

Rebeca Salgado‐Pizarro; Guilllermo Ulldemolins; Maria Elena Navarro; Anabel Palacios; Alejandro Calderón; Yulong Ding; A. Ines Fernández; Camila Barreneche. New shape‐stabilized phase change materials obtained by single‐screw extruder. Energy Storage 2021, e268 .

AMA Style

Rebeca Salgado‐Pizarro, Guilllermo Ulldemolins, Maria Elena Navarro, Anabel Palacios, Alejandro Calderón, Yulong Ding, A. Ines Fernández, Camila Barreneche. New shape‐stabilized phase change materials obtained by single‐screw extruder. Energy Storage. 2021; ():e268.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rebeca Salgado‐Pizarro; Guilllermo Ulldemolins; Maria Elena Navarro; Anabel Palacios; Alejandro Calderón; Yulong Ding; A. Ines Fernández; Camila Barreneche. 2021. "New shape‐stabilized phase change materials obtained by single‐screw extruder." Energy Storage , no. : e268.

Preprint content
Published: 16 July 2021
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ACS Style

Mohamed Abokersh; Manel Vall\xe8S; Luisa Cabeza; Dieter Boer. A Multicriteria Approach to Evaluate Solar Assisted District Heating in The German Market. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Mohamed Abokersh, Manel Vall\xe8S, Luisa Cabeza, Dieter Boer. A Multicriteria Approach to Evaluate Solar Assisted District Heating in The German Market. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamed Abokersh; Manel Vall\xe8S; Luisa Cabeza; Dieter Boer. 2021. "A Multicriteria Approach to Evaluate Solar Assisted District Heating in The German Market." , no. : 1.

Review
Published: 14 July 2021 in Sustainability
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There is an increasing concern about fossil energy and products derived from it. The plastic industry depends on oil, and produced plastics cannot degrade naturally. An alternative to plastics from oil is the use of bioplastics, which can be degradable. The bibliometric study of the publications related to bioplastics carried out in this paper shows that research on this topic is growing both in developed (USA, European Union, and Canada) and in developing countries (China, India, Thailand, and Malaysia), mostly following the implementation of bioeconomy standards and labels by their governments. The main authors and the collaborations they have worldwide are also presented here. The research carried out in this paper is not only devoted to technological aspects but also to economic aspects and inhabitant ratios. Trends in publications, by country and authors, are analyzed. Finally, this paper also studies the countries governmental policies and how they impact the bioplastic field.

ACS Style

Ricard Garrido; Luisa Cabeza; Victor Falguera. An Overview of Bioplastic Research on Its Relation to National Policies. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7848 .

AMA Style

Ricard Garrido, Luisa Cabeza, Victor Falguera. An Overview of Bioplastic Research on Its Relation to National Policies. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7848.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ricard Garrido; Luisa Cabeza; Victor Falguera. 2021. "An Overview of Bioplastic Research on Its Relation to National Policies." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7848.

Review paper
Published: 07 July 2021 in Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
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Autism is a neurobiological developmental disorder that is detected at around 3 years old. This disorder affects their communication, socialization, and behavioral skills. Its ratio is 1 per 150 and the possibility is greater for boys (2 girls for every 6 boys). A bibliometric analysis, comparing documents in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, has been carried out. It includes some new features such as the evaluation of growth, maturity, conceptual and intellectual maps and trends of a scientific community on top of the bibliometrics traditional approach. This study shows that, although the interest in different aspects related to autism is very high (from the year 2000), there is a significant lack on the prevention or prediction crisis topic.

ACS Style

Manel Díaz; Mercè Teixidó; Rosa Maria Gil; Luisa F. Cabeza; Luis Miguel Aras. A Comparative Analysis of Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) Literature on the Autism Crisis. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 2021, 1 -17.

AMA Style

Manel Díaz, Mercè Teixidó, Rosa Maria Gil, Luisa F. Cabeza, Luis Miguel Aras. A Comparative Analysis of Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) Literature on the Autism Crisis. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2021; ():1-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manel Díaz; Mercè Teixidó; Rosa Maria Gil; Luisa F. Cabeza; Luis Miguel Aras. 2021. "A Comparative Analysis of Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) Literature on the Autism Crisis." Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , no. : 1-17.

Journal article
Published: 02 July 2021 in Applied Sciences
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The use of latent heat thermal energy storage is an effective way to increase the efficiency of energy systems due to its high energy density compared with sensible heat storage systems. The design of the storage material encapsulation is one of the key parameters that critically affect the heat transfer in charging/discharging of the storage system. To fill the gap found in the literature, this paper experimentally investigates the effect of the macro-encapsulation design on the performance of a lab-scale thermal energy storage tank. Two rectangular slabs with the same length and width but different thickness (35 mm and 17 mm) filled with commercial phase change material were used. The results show that using thinner slabs achieved a higher power, leading to a reduction in the charging and discharging time of 14% and 30%, respectively, compared with the thicker slabs. Moreover, the variation of the heat transfer fluid flow rate has a deeper impact on the temperature distribution and the energy charged/released when thicker slabs were used. The macro-encapsulation design did not have a significant impact on the discharging efficiency of the tank, which was around 85% for the operating thresholds considered in this study.

ACS Style

David Vérez; Emiliano Borri; Alicia Crespo; Boniface Mselle; Álvaro de Gracia; Gabriel Zsembinszki; Luisa Cabeza. Experimental Study on Two PCM Macro-Encapsulation Designs in a Thermal Energy Storage Tank. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 6171 .

AMA Style

David Vérez, Emiliano Borri, Alicia Crespo, Boniface Mselle, Álvaro de Gracia, Gabriel Zsembinszki, Luisa Cabeza. Experimental Study on Two PCM Macro-Encapsulation Designs in a Thermal Energy Storage Tank. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (13):6171.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Vérez; Emiliano Borri; Alicia Crespo; Boniface Mselle; Álvaro de Gracia; Gabriel Zsembinszki; Luisa Cabeza. 2021. "Experimental Study on Two PCM Macro-Encapsulation Designs in a Thermal Energy Storage Tank." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13: 6171.

Review
Published: 30 June 2021 in Energies
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The building sector, as a major energy consumer with high direct and indirect CO2 emissions, plays a vital role in the fight against climate change. In order to make buildings more comfortable, functional, efficient and safe, building services are used. Therefore, building services are the key to decrease their contribution to climate change. Due to the lack of organized literature on this topic, this paper presents the first comprehensive assessment of trends in the literature on building services related to climate change, which was completed by conducting a bibliometric analysis of the existing literature on the topic. The ultimate goal is to provide a source where researchers and other interested parties can find this information in an organized manner. Results show that the most abundant and recent studies related to building services are based on improving energy efficiency by optimizing systems such as ventilation or lighting, the latter with the installation of LED lights. In addition, recent studies have focused on social factors such as housing and urban growth.

ACS Style

David Vérez; Luisa Cabeza. Which Building Services Are Considered to Have Impact on Climate Change? Energies 2021, 14, 3917 .

AMA Style

David Vérez, Luisa Cabeza. Which Building Services Are Considered to Have Impact on Climate Change? Energies. 2021; 14 (13):3917.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Vérez; Luisa Cabeza. 2021. "Which Building Services Are Considered to Have Impact on Climate Change?" Energies 14, no. 13: 3917.

Journal article
Published: 28 June 2021 in Energies
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Steam accumulation is one of the most effective ways of thermal energy storage (TES) for the solar thermal energy (STE) industry. However, the steam accumulator concept is penalized by a bad relationship between the volume and the energy stored; moreover, its discharge process shows a decline in pressure, failing to reach nominal conditions in the turbine. From the economic point of view, between 60% and 70% of the cost of a steam accumulator TES is that of the pressure vessel tanks (defined as US$/kWhth). Since the current trend is based on increasing hours of storage in order to improve dispatchability levels in solar plants, the possibility of cost reduction is directly related to the cost of the material of pressure vessels, which is a market price. Therefore, in the present paper, a new design for steam accumulation is presented, focusing on innovative materials developed specifically for this purpose: two special concretes that compose the accumulation tank wall. Study of dosages, selection of materials and, finally, scale up on-field tests for their proper integration, fabrication and construction in prototype are the pillars of this new steam accumulation tank. Establishing clear and precise requirements and instructions for successful tank construction is necessary due to the highly sensitive and variable nature of those new concrete formulations.

ACS Style

Cristina Prieto; David Pérez Osorio; Edouard Gonzalez-Roubaud; Sonia Fereres; Luisa Cabeza. Advanced Concrete Steam Accumulation Tanks for Energy Storage for Solar Thermal Electricity. Energies 2021, 14, 3896 .

AMA Style

Cristina Prieto, David Pérez Osorio, Edouard Gonzalez-Roubaud, Sonia Fereres, Luisa Cabeza. Advanced Concrete Steam Accumulation Tanks for Energy Storage for Solar Thermal Electricity. Energies. 2021; 14 (13):3896.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Prieto; David Pérez Osorio; Edouard Gonzalez-Roubaud; Sonia Fereres; Luisa Cabeza. 2021. "Advanced Concrete Steam Accumulation Tanks for Energy Storage for Solar Thermal Electricity." Energies 14, no. 13: 3896.

Journal article
Published: 28 June 2021 in Energy and Buildings
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The building and construction sector is a large contributor to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and consumes vast natural resources. Improvements in this sector are of fundamental importance for national and global targets to combat climate change. In this context, vertical greenery systems (VGS) in buildings have become popular in urban areas to restore green space in cities and be an adaptation strategy for challenges such as climate change. However, only a small amount of knowledge is available on the different VGS environmental impacts. This paper discusses a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) between a building with green walls, a building with green facades and a reference building without any greenery system in the continental Mediterranean climate. This life cycle assessment is carried according to ISO 14040/44 using ReCiPe and GWP indicators. Moreover, this study fills this gap by thoroughly tracking and quantifying all impacts in all phases of the building life cycle related to the manufacturing and construction stage, maintenance, use stage (operational energy use experimentally tested), and final disposal. The adopted functional unit is the square meter of the facade. Results showed that the operational stage had the highest impact contributing by up to 90% of the total environmental impacts during its 50 years life cycle. Moreover, when considering VGS, there is an annual reduction of about 1% in the environmental burdens. However, in summer, the reduction is almost 50%. Finally, if the use stage is excluded, the manufacturing and the maintenance stage are the most significant contributors, especially in the green wall system.

ACS Style

Marta Chàfer; Gabriel Pérez; Julià Coma; Luisa F. Cabeza. A comparative life cycle assessment between green walls and green facades in the Mediterranean continental climate. Energy and Buildings 2021, 249, 111236 .

AMA Style

Marta Chàfer, Gabriel Pérez, Julià Coma, Luisa F. Cabeza. A comparative life cycle assessment between green walls and green facades in the Mediterranean continental climate. Energy and Buildings. 2021; 249 ():111236.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marta Chàfer; Gabriel Pérez; Julià Coma; Luisa F. Cabeza. 2021. "A comparative life cycle assessment between green walls and green facades in the Mediterranean continental climate." Energy and Buildings 249, no. : 111236.

Review
Published: 26 June 2021 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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This paper presents a review of the application of model predictive control strategies to active thermal energy storage systems. To date, model predictive control has been used to manage such energy systems as heating, ventilation and air conditioning equipment or power generation plants. In all cases, the aim of the strategy has been to anticipate both production and consumption decisions to optimize the system performance, reducing the final energy cost. This ability of the strategy to forecast weather conditions and predict demand requirements in advance exceeds the performance of conventional control methods and made the strategy a very effective option to be coupled with active thermal energy storage systems. In this regard, this review paper presents the progress and results of the combination of these two technologies. The key contributions consist of a summary of the technical parameters employed, such as the prediction horizon length, the computational architecture approaches, the thermal energy storage material used and the influence of renewables in this kind of system. Additionally, the review summarises the latest enhancements to overcome computational issues and an analysis of the objective functions employed in each study, which were mainly focused to minimize the energy cost, the peak power and CO2 emissions. A discussion about the strengths and weaknesses of this technology is provided, highlighting the difficulty of the strategy to operate with complicated physical models as the key limitation to overcome. Finally, some future guidelines to enhance the application of this strategy to control different sort of systems are detailed.

ACS Style

Joan Tarragona; Anna Laura Pisello; Cèsar Fernández; Alvaro de Gracia; Luisa F. Cabeza. Systematic review on model predictive control strategies applied to active thermal energy storage systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2021, 149, 111385 .

AMA Style

Joan Tarragona, Anna Laura Pisello, Cèsar Fernández, Alvaro de Gracia, Luisa F. Cabeza. Systematic review on model predictive control strategies applied to active thermal energy storage systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2021; 149 ():111385.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joan Tarragona; Anna Laura Pisello; Cèsar Fernández; Alvaro de Gracia; Luisa F. Cabeza. 2021. "Systematic review on model predictive control strategies applied to active thermal energy storage systems." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 149, no. : 111385.

Journal article
Published: 25 June 2021 in Journal of Energy Storage
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Worldwide, the energy consumption of refrigeration systems increased by 50% in the last 20 years. Currently, active refrigeration systems are often used to maintain cold chains in industry. However, there are remarkable drawbacks in the operation of active systems such as susceptibility to blackouts in the power supply and vibrations during their operation. Therefore, to overcome the aforementioned problems, passive cold chain transport using latent thermal energy storage systems arose as a potential solution. However, these systems require long charging times due to the low thermal conductivity of most phase change materials. In that sense, this paper presents a novel design of a cold storage battery with metal foam enhanced phase change material. The peak efflux of energy and solidification time of the battery is correlated as a function of the inlet temperature and mass flow rate of the heat transfer fluid with a root mean square deviation of 11.4%. The solidification time prediction allows determining the geometry which results in the maximum efflux of energy density for a given energy density. Moreover, the cold battery is placed in an insulated container to analyse its performance during transport. Results show that the tested refrigeration battery can act as a standalone refrigeration system during 15 h. However, improvements in the design of the insulated container are suggested to increase the performance of the system along the discharging cycle.

ACS Style

Joan Tarragona; Wim Beyne; Alvaro de Gracia; Luisa F. Cabeza; Michel De Paepe. Experimental analysis of a latent thermal energy storage system enhanced with metal foam. Journal of Energy Storage 2021, 41, 102860 .

AMA Style

Joan Tarragona, Wim Beyne, Alvaro de Gracia, Luisa F. Cabeza, Michel De Paepe. Experimental analysis of a latent thermal energy storage system enhanced with metal foam. Journal of Energy Storage. 2021; 41 ():102860.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joan Tarragona; Wim Beyne; Alvaro de Gracia; Luisa F. Cabeza; Michel De Paepe. 2021. "Experimental analysis of a latent thermal energy storage system enhanced with metal foam." Journal of Energy Storage 41, no. : 102860.

Editorial
Published: 27 May 2021 in Renewable Energy
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ACS Style

Gabriel Zsembinszki; Cristina Prieto; Gennady Ziskind; Luisa F. Cabeza. Advances in thermal energy storage for renewable energies integration in the energy system. Renewable Energy 2021, 176, 635 -636.

AMA Style

Gabriel Zsembinszki, Cristina Prieto, Gennady Ziskind, Luisa F. Cabeza. Advances in thermal energy storage for renewable energies integration in the energy system. Renewable Energy. 2021; 176 ():635-636.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gabriel Zsembinszki; Cristina Prieto; Gennady Ziskind; Luisa F. Cabeza. 2021. "Advances in thermal energy storage for renewable energies integration in the energy system." Renewable Energy 176, no. : 635-636.

Journal article
Published: 19 May 2021 in Energy
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The use of thermal energy storage (TES) allows to cleverly exploit clean energy resources, decrease the energy consumption, and increase the efficiency of energy systems. In the past twenty years, TES has continuously attracted researchers generating an extensive scientific production growing year by year. Despite the large number of publications, there are some aspects of TES that need to be further investigated in order to assess its complete feasibility. This paper gives a perspective on the state-of-the-art of TES, highlighting the research trends and the research gaps of different TES technologies. Using bibliometric analyses techniques, the main research gaps identified were related to economic, environmental, and social aspects.

ACS Style

Luisa F. Cabeza; Alvaro de Gracia; Gabriel Zsembinszki; Emiliano Borri. Perspectives on thermal energy storage research. Energy 2021, 231, 120943 .

AMA Style

Luisa F. Cabeza, Alvaro de Gracia, Gabriel Zsembinszki, Emiliano Borri. Perspectives on thermal energy storage research. Energy. 2021; 231 ():120943.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luisa F. Cabeza; Alvaro de Gracia; Gabriel Zsembinszki; Emiliano Borri. 2021. "Perspectives on thermal energy storage research." Energy 231, no. : 120943.

Journal article
Published: 18 May 2021 in Renewable Energy
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Thermal conductivity is an essential property to understand the rate of charging/discharging of thermal energy storage systems, but there is still a lack of experimental studies in this field. The temperature dependence of thermal conductivity of eutectic mixtures capric/myristic acid (CA/MA), lauric/myristic acid (LA/MA), and palmitic/stearic acid (PA/SA), as well as their respective shape-stabilized forms (SS-PCMs), were measured by the hot wire technique. Thermal conductivity presented a linear correlation with temperature for all the materials. Besides, the thermal conductivity of the samples was compared with a commercial SS-PCM finding out that the SS-PCMs produced by the authors exhibit higher thermal conductivity than the commercial sample, with an increase between 10.57% and 33.33%. In addition, the minerals that comprise the clay were acquired and their effect on the thermal conductivity on the support studied. Between the crystalline phases, kaolin governed the thermal conductivity of the support. Afterward, kaolin additions were made, resulting in an increase of thermal conductivity between 6.49% and 17.68% of the SS-PCM. Thus, the novelty of this study relies, first, on the experimental data obtained of thermal conductivity, and second, on the study of the effect of some minerals in the overall thermal conductivity of the samples.

ACS Style

Carolina Cárdenas-Ramírez; Maryory A. Gómez; Franklin Jaramillo; Angel G. Fernández; Luisa F. Cabeza. Experimental determination of thermal conductivity of fatty acid binary mixtures and their shape-stabilized composites. Renewable Energy 2021, 175, 1167 -1173.

AMA Style

Carolina Cárdenas-Ramírez, Maryory A. Gómez, Franklin Jaramillo, Angel G. Fernández, Luisa F. Cabeza. Experimental determination of thermal conductivity of fatty acid binary mixtures and their shape-stabilized composites. Renewable Energy. 2021; 175 ():1167-1173.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carolina Cárdenas-Ramírez; Maryory A. Gómez; Franklin Jaramillo; Angel G. Fernández; Luisa F. Cabeza. 2021. "Experimental determination of thermal conductivity of fatty acid binary mixtures and their shape-stabilized composites." Renewable Energy 175, no. : 1167-1173.

Journal article
Published: 11 May 2021 in Sustainability
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Insulation of thermal energy storage tanks is fundamental to reduce heat losses and to achieve high energy storage efficiency. Although water tanks were extensively studied in the literature, the enhancement of the insulation quality is often overlooked. The use of vacuum insulation has the potential to significantly reduce heat losses without affecting the dimension of the storage system. This paper shows for the first time the results of the heat losses tests done for a 0.535 m3 water tank for residential building applications built with a double wall vacuum insulation. The different tests show that the rate of heat losses strictly depends on the temperature distribution inside the tank at the beginning of the experiment. Compared to a conventional water tank insulated with conventional materials, the U-value of the lateral surface was reduced by almost three times (from 1.05 W/K·m2 to 0.38 W/K·m2) using vacuum insulation. However, the bottom part, which is usually used to place the support parts and the piping, is the critical design part of those tanks acting as a thermal bridge with the ambient and enhancing heat losses.

ACS Style

David Vérez; Emiliano Borri; Alicia Crespo; Gabriel Zsembinszki; Belal Dawoud; Luisa Cabeza. Experimental Study of a Small-Size Vacuum Insulated Water Tank for Building Applications. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5329 .

AMA Style

David Vérez, Emiliano Borri, Alicia Crespo, Gabriel Zsembinszki, Belal Dawoud, Luisa Cabeza. Experimental Study of a Small-Size Vacuum Insulated Water Tank for Building Applications. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5329.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Vérez; Emiliano Borri; Alicia Crespo; Gabriel Zsembinszki; Belal Dawoud; Luisa Cabeza. 2021. "Experimental Study of a Small-Size Vacuum Insulated Water Tank for Building Applications." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5329.

Journal article
Published: 11 May 2021 in Journal of Building Engineering
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The building industry is responsible for considerable environmental impacts due to its consumption of resources and energy, and the production of wastes. Circular Economy (CE), a new paradigm can significantly improve the sustainability of this sector. This paper performs a quantitative scientific evolution analysis of the application of CE in the building sector to detect new trends and highlight the evolvement of this research topic. Around 7000 documents published 2005 to 2020 at Web of Science and Scopus were collected and analyzed. The bibliometric indicators, network citation, and multivariate statistical analysis were obtained using Bibliometrix R-package and VOSviewer. The co-occurrence analysis showed six keyword-clusters, in which the three main ones are: (i) energy and energy efficiency in buildings; (ii) recycling, waste management and alternative construction materials; (iii) sustainable development. The analysis showed that researchers pay close attention to “sustainability”, “energy efficiency”, “life cycle assessment”, “renewable energy”, and “recycling” in the past five years. This paper highlights that (i) the development and use of alternative construction materials; (ii) the development of circular business models; (iii) smart cities, Industry 4.0 and their relations with CE, are the current research hotspots that may be considered as potential future research topics.

ACS Style

Masoud Norouzi; Marta Chàfer; Luisa F. Cabeza; Laureano Jiménez; Dieter Boer. Circular economy in the building and construction sector: A scientific evolution analysis. Journal of Building Engineering 2021, 44, 102704 .

AMA Style

Masoud Norouzi, Marta Chàfer, Luisa F. Cabeza, Laureano Jiménez, Dieter Boer. Circular economy in the building and construction sector: A scientific evolution analysis. Journal of Building Engineering. 2021; 44 ():102704.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Masoud Norouzi; Marta Chàfer; Luisa F. Cabeza; Laureano Jiménez; Dieter Boer. 2021. "Circular economy in the building and construction sector: A scientific evolution analysis." Journal of Building Engineering 44, no. : 102704.

Journal article
Published: 10 May 2021 in Sustainability
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The buildings sector is one of the least sustainable activities in the world, accounting for around 40% of the total global energy demand. With the aim to reduce the environmental impact of this sector, the use of renewable energy sources coupled with energy storage systems in buildings has been investigated in recent years. Innovative solutions for cooling, heating, and domestic hot water in buildings can contribute to the buildings’ decarbonization by achieving a reduction of building electrical consumption needed to keep comfortable conditions. However, the environmental impact of a new system is not only related to its electrical consumption from the grid, but also to the environmental load produced in the manufacturing and disposal stages of system components. This study investigates the environmental impact of an innovative system proposed for residential buildings in Mediterranean climate through a life cycle assessment. The results show that, due to the complexity of the system, the manufacturing and disposal stages have a high environmental impact, which is not compensated by the reduction of the impact during the operational stage. A parametric study was also performed to investigate the effect of the design of the storage system on the overall system impact.

ACS Style

Gabriel Zsembinszki; Noelia Llantoy; Valeria Palomba; Andrea Frazzica; Mattia Dallapiccola; Federico Trentin; Luisa Cabeza. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of an Innovative Compact Hybrid Electrical-Thermal Storage System for Residential Buildings in Mediterranean Climate. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5322 .

AMA Style

Gabriel Zsembinszki, Noelia Llantoy, Valeria Palomba, Andrea Frazzica, Mattia Dallapiccola, Federico Trentin, Luisa Cabeza. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of an Innovative Compact Hybrid Electrical-Thermal Storage System for Residential Buildings in Mediterranean Climate. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):5322.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gabriel Zsembinszki; Noelia Llantoy; Valeria Palomba; Andrea Frazzica; Mattia Dallapiccola; Federico Trentin; Luisa Cabeza. 2021. "Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of an Innovative Compact Hybrid Electrical-Thermal Storage System for Residential Buildings in Mediterranean Climate." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 5322.