Chalcones belong to the flavonoids family and are natural compounds which show promising larvicidal property against Aedes aegypti larvae. Aiming to obtain a synthetic chalcone derivative with high larvicidal activity, herein, a bromochalcone derivative, namely (E)-3-(4-butylphenyl)-1-(4-bromophenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one (BBP), was designed, synthesized and extensively characterized by ¹H- and ¹³C- nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), Raman spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction. Further, the quantum mechanics calculations implemented at the B3LYP/6–311+G(d)* level of the theory indicate that the supramolecular arrangement was stabilized by C–H⋯O and edge-to-face C–H⋯π interactions. The EGAP calculated (3.97 eV) indicates a good reactivity value compared with other similar chalcone derivatives. Furthermore, the synthesized bromochalcone derivative shows promising larvicidal activity (mortality up to 80% at 57.6 mg·L⁻¹) against Ae. aegypti larvae.

The development of photoprotective agents presents a growing interest due to skin disorders, e.g., cancer. In order to obtain natural-based compounds with potential photoprotective activity, we promote the synthesis and extensive characterization of a butylchalcone derivative (E)-3-(4-butylphenyl)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one (BMP). Moreover, we carried out a comparative analysis of two chalcones bearing a methyl (BMP) and bromo (BBP) substituent groups (at para position), on respective electronic structures and supramolecular arrangement, using density functional theory (DFT). Through theoretical calculations carried out by DFT, it was possible to verify its antioxidant property by the mechanisms of free radical scavenging, H-atom transfer (HAT), and one-electron transfer (ET), and their stabilities. Finally, from the analysis of chalcone’s electronic transitions in the excited state calculated by the time-dependent (TD)-DFT method as well as UV-vis absorption spectra of the BMP and BBP (200–390 nm), it is possible to highlight their potential use as organic photoprotective agents.

Forced degradation studies are essential to determine the drug stability, elucidate the main degradation routes, and monitor the degradation products in qualitative/quantitative terms. Over the years, the pharmaceutical industry has been using a traditional and conventional method that employs a stove as the heating source; this requires a lengthy process and high energy. Recently, a new forced degradation method using modern microwave reactors has been reported as a greener, more economical and efficient alternative. The present work reports for the first time degradation of fluoroquinolone drugs (levofloxacin and norfloxacin) under microwave irradiation. Also for the first time, it presents the utilization of analytical eco-scale as a novel comprehensive approach to evaluating the greenness of analytical methodology for studies on the forced degradation. The objective of this study was to design and validate a forced degradation method assisted by microwave irradiation, alongside a conventional stress degradation study, and to compare the two methods. Microwave irradiation showed excellent performance as it yielded similar amounts of specific degradation products for both drugs, equivalent to what is produced in the conventional procedure. Therefore, there were some advantages to the new eco-friendly degradation method with respect to the significantly reduced time (72 times), energy (360 times), reagents and waste.

Stryphnodendron adstringens is a typical tree from Brazilian Savanah used in medicine as an anti-inflammatory and antiseptic agent. It is secondary metabolites has biological activities, so the development of efficient extraction methods is essential. Microwave irradiation through assisted extraction is innovative and highly efficient for bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to optimize an extractive method for phenolics compounds, as tannins, from the stem bark of “barbatimão” by microwave irradiation using a statistical planning and to evaluate its consistency with conventional extraction. Microwave irradiation extraction, 16.36–22.12% of phenols and 15.91–18.69% of tannins, has a better yield when compared to conventional extraction, 14.99% of phenols and 16.70% of tannins. The method by microwave irradiation is consistent with the conventional one. However, extraction by microwave irradiation had a reduction in reaction time, reagent volume, samples amount and energy consumption when compared to conventional extraction.

A review concerning the synthesis and pharmacological properties of pyrazoles obtained from Chalcone described in the literature over the last 5 years (2016-2020) was presented and discussed. Among the synthetic approaches for pyrazoles described so far, the cyclization and acetylation method of α,β-unsaturated chalcones, and substituted hydrazine were selected and analyzed. 105 pyrazole derivatives (3-107) were evaluated as well as their pharmacological activities, namely, antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antimycobacterial, antiplasmodial, Alzheimer's disease, enzymes inhibition (like acetylcholinesterase, carbonic anhydrase, and malonyl CoA decarboxylase), anticonvulsant, among others. Pyrazolic compounds are widely used in the design of the new drug with a wide spectrum of pharmacological approaches. Therefore, it is relevant to research the synthetic methods and therapeutic properties of different pyrazole derivatives.

Global dependence on fossil fuels raises environmental and energy concerns, encouraging the search for renewable sources, such as biodiesel. However, their limited oxidative stability compromises their commercial viability. This study investigates two pyrazoline analogues (CNF and CNO) as potential antioxidant additives for biodiesel using a combined molecular modeling and machine learning approach. Supramolecular analysis revealed that C–H···O and C–H···π interactions influence molecular stability. Chemical reactivity descriptors indicated that the methoxy group (−OCH₃) in CNO enhances the electron-withdrawing effect, making it more susceptible to oxidation. Kinetic evaluation predicted that both compounds have intermediate oxidation rates when exposed to hydroxyl radicals, with a performance comparable to widely used commercial antioxidants. These results suggest that pyrazoline analogues are promising candidates to mitigate the oxidative degradation of biodiesel, contributing to the greater efficiency and sustainability of biofuels.