To address the issue of significant unpredictability and intermittent nature of renewable energy sources, particularly wind and solar power, this paper introduces a novel optimization model based on online reinforcement learning. Initially, an energy management optimization model is designed to achieve plan adherence and minimize energy storage (ES) operation costs, taking into account the inherent challenges of wind power-photovoltaic energy storage systems (WPESS). An online reinforcement learning framework is employed, which defines various state variables, action variables, and reward functions for the energy management optimization model. The state-action-reward-state-action (SARSA) algorithm is applied to learn the joint scheduling strategy for the microgrid system, utilizing its iterative exploration mechanisms and interaction with the environment. This strategy aims to accomplish the goals of effective power tracking and reduction of storage charging and discharging. The proposed method's effectiveness is validated using a residential community with electric vehicle (EV) charging loads as a test case. Numerical analyses demonstrate that the approach is not reliant on traditional mathematical models and adapts well to the uncertainties and complex constraints of the WPESS, maintaining a low-cost requirement while achieving computational efficiency significantly higher than that of the model predictive control (MPC) and deep Q-network (DQN) algorithm.

A microgrid is a typical cyber-physical system. The coordinated control of each unit in a microgrid mainly relies on the cyber system. Once performance degradation of the cyber system happens, such as outages or transmission delay, the stable operation of the microgrid will likely be affected. In this paper, an analytical method is presented to quantify the impacts on the microgrid operation reliability from cyber system element failures and transmission interference. First, the link model and the information transmission model of the cyber system are established to describe the cyber routing path and the information transmission service quality, respectively. Then, the sequential Monte Carlo method is employed to simulate the operation of the microgrid. Finally, the impacts of the element failure and the transmission interference of the cyber system on microgrid operational reliability is quantitatively analyzed. Additionally, sensitivity analysis is carried out, focusing on the impacts of the cyber network topology, element failure rate and different types of information transmission quality indexes including delays, routing error, and information transmission error. The results of the numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and method.

This paper addresses the challenge of maximizing power capture from new energy sources, including coal, wind, solar, and hydroelectric power, which often lack sufficient inertia support. This deficiency can lead to frequency instability and cascading failures within the power system. A cooperative optimization model for the start‐up of multiple power supplies, designed to enhance the integration of new energy sources while maintaining system stability is proposed. The model incorporates primary frequency modulation and the intrinsic inertia support capabilities of self‐synchronous voltage source field stations, considering dynamic frequency constraints. Additionally, it employs new energy units with primary frequency modulation to provide inertia support during curtailment, particularly when conventional units cannot meet frequency standards due to existing constraints. Extensive simulations and comparative analyses demonstrate that the proposed model improves new energy utilization by up to 37.5% and reduces operational costs by approximately 16%, enhancing overall operational efficiency in high energy consumption scenarios.

A fast reliability calculation method based on the fault incidence matrix (FIM) for the complex distribution system is proposed in this paper. First, the M-segment-N-tie-switch (MSNT) reliability calculation unit for the complex distribution network is established and the power supply path matrix is obtained by inversing the node branch incidence matrix of the MSNT unit. Then, three types of FIMs are constructed considering the influence type of each fault event on the load points. Finally, the system reliability indexes are calculated through the algebraic operation between the FIMs and the fault event parameter vectors. The accuracy and the efficiency of this method are verified using the IEEE RBTS bus-6 system. The reliability evaluation method proposed in this paper avoids complicated fault event enumeration and repetitive fault influence range searching, thus, saves the computation time greatly. And more importantly, the analytical expression of the reliability indexes in the matrix form can clearly show the influence of each fault event on each load interruption. So, it is convenient for the reliability sensitivity analysis and helpful for the operator with the reliability improvement planning.

Electric vehicles (EVs) and small photovoltaic (PV) installations advance residential power grids by lowering charging costs and fostering eco‐friendly operations. Yet, the variable nature of EV charging presents challenges to grid reliability. This research introduces a Monte Carlo‐based simulation for predicting EV charging loads and a systematic charging method that integrates a ‘green electricity’ pricing scheme with a joint optimization model for PV and EV management. By applying an improved ant lion optimizer (IALO) algorithm enriched with differential evolution features, an optimization strategy that markedly enhances grid performance is devised. In a park scenario, this ‘green electricity’ model reduced the mean square error of EV charging load by 11.82%, smoothed the power load curve, and improved grid stability. When compared with particle swarm optimization (PSO) and grey wolf optimizer (GWO) algorithms, the IALO algorithm boosted overall revenue by 16.8% and 12.8%, increased PV utilization by 162.3% and 37.1%, and significantly cut carbon emissions by 159.6% and 31.6%, respectively. These outcomes affirm the financial, environmental, and functional benefits of our proposed approach.