In the evolving landscape of education, college teachers often find themselves at the crossroads of myriad stressors, ranging from institutional demands to personal challenges. Understanding the factors that influence their stress perceptions and coping mechanisms is pivotal, not just for their well-being, but also for the overall quality of education imparted. This study sought to investigate the intricate relationships between gender, marital status, institutional affiliation, and their collective impacts on perceived stress, stress appraisal, and coping strategies among college teachers. A sample of 300 college teachers, evenly split with reference to gender, was engaged. Employing tools including Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Stress Appraisal Measure (SAM), and Brief COPE, the analysis of the study used independent samples t-test and Pearson Product Moment Correlation to derive insights. Findings revealed pronounced gender disparities in stress perception and appraisal, with women teachers manifesting heightened levels. Marital status emerged as a significant modulator of stress and coping, with married teachers depicting nuanced stress and its appraisal with reported coping strategies compared to their unmarried peers. Furthermore, a significant variance in perceived stress and coping was observed between teachers of private and governmental institutions, with private institution teachers displaying elevated stress levels. The study underscores the multifaceted nature of stress experiences among college teachers in Pakistan, influenced by a blend of personal and institutional determinants. These insights are pivotal for institutions aiming to enhance the well-being and effectiveness of their teachers. However, given the specific cultural context of the study, there is an imperative for more global, comparative research, ensuring holistic support mechanisms for teachers worldwide.

This qualitative study explores the intricate relationship between social stigma and mental health among the transgender community in Lahore, Pakistan, and Delhi, India. Through 16 in-depth interviews, the research employs thematic analysis to uncover the core themes that emerge from the personal narratives of transgender individuals in these culturally diverse yet challenging environments. The thematic analysis revealed several key themes: the pervasive impact of societal rejection, the psychological toll of discrimination, resilience in the face of adversity, and the quest for identity and acceptance. Participants' accounts vividly portray the harsh realities of living as a transgender individual in societies where deep-seated stigma is prevalent. Many described experiences of ostracization from family and community, leading to feelings of isolation and psychological distress. The stigma associated with their gender identity often resulted in discrimination in various spheres of life, including employment, healthcare, and social interactions, further exacerbating their mental health challenges. Despite these adversities, a recurring theme of resilience emerged. Participants shared coping strategies and support systems that helped them navigate these challenges. The stories highlighted not only their struggles but also their strength and determination to live authentically. This study sheds light on the urgent need for societal change and policy reform to support the mental health and well-being of the transgender community in Lahore and Delhi. The findings provide valuable insights for mental health professionals, policymakers, and advocates, emphasizing the importance of creating inclusive and supportive environments that respect and affirm transgender identities.

Rescue workers, who often find themselves on the frontlines of traumatic events, face an increased risk of experiencing secondary traumatic stress (STS) and psychological distress (PD). The nature of their work, alongside professional factors, can influence the way these psychological aspects manifest and their level of severity. This study aimed to explore the relationship between STS and PD in rescue workers. Additionally, it sought to understand how factors such as age, years of experience, duration of work, training received and direct exposure to trauma explain significant variations in reporting to STS. To conduct this research, a cross-sectional study design was implemented involving a sample of 80 rescue workers from the Punjab province in Pakistan. Data was collected over eight weeks using the secondary traumatic stress scale (STSS-17) and the general health questionnaire (GHQ-12) as primary assessment tools. Participants’ data was analyzed through Pearson correlation analysis, t-tests, and ANOVA. A strong positive correlation between STS and PD among rescue workers was established. Age significantly explains variation in scores, with older workers displaying reduced STS and PD symptoms. Rescue workers working for longer hours reported elevated STS compared to those working shorter shifts. Workers with more extended professional experience showcased lower STS, highlighting the potential resilience acquired over time. The study also underscored the importance of training duration: longer, well-structured training was associated with decreased STS and PD. Interestingly, longer exposure to trauma was found to be related to lower STS scores, albeit this warrants further investigation. This study underscores the intertwined nature of STS and PD among rescue workers and the various modulating factors. The study paves the way for more comprehensive research, expanding geographically and demographically.

Background: Advanced ventilation technologies require critical nursing management to facilitate patientcare. The nursing workforce in the intensive care units (ICUs) should have basic knowledge and understanding of the ventilator and its mechanics to recognise adverse events and improve the care quality. Methods: A pre-experimental study using an educational intervention was conducted in the ICUs at a tertiary care hospital, was conducted to assess the baseline knowledge of nursing staff about ventilator mechanics and respiratory physiology, and to identify the effectiveness of the module and teaching sessions on their knowledge score. A self-administered and structured questionnaire was used to collect data. A self-developed educational module was used as an intervention. Descriptive analysis was reported for demographic characteristics; paired t-test was conducted to identify difference in mean scores before and after intervention; and stratified analysis was also performed. Results: The knowledge scores significantly increased at 95% CI (P-value = 0.00) after conducting the intervention. The mean post-test score was significantly higher with a difference of 7.77 (P-value < 0.05). Conclusion: Nursing knowledge regarding ventilator mechanics becomes important to ensure safe and quality nursing care. Continuous professional nursing education is important to improve nursing knowledge and quality patientcare.

Background: Eclampsia is a life-threatening complication of pregnancy. Identifying the factors affecting birth outcome in eclamptic patients allows for targeted interventions to enhance maternal and fetal well-being. Objectives: To identify the risk factors that adversely affect birth outcomes among women with eclampsia. Material and Methods: This Cross-Sectional Descriptive study was conducted at Gynae Unit in Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan, from 1st January to 31st Dec 2018. A total of 157 antenatal patients who presented with eclampsia and live fetuses were enrolled for the study through non probability sampling technique. The data on their demographic variables, gestational age at presentation, mode of delivery, and birth outcome were recorded. The logistic regression model was used to investigate the dependence of birth outcome on maternal age, gestational age, mode of delivery, Parity and Booking Status. Results: Our analyses indicate that maternal age, mode of delivery, and parity significantly affect the birth outcome in women suffering from eclampsia. These three factors had a significantly negative impact on the birth outcome as their estimates are less than 1 at 5% level of significance indicating the probability of live birth decreases for the Normal Vaginal Delivery, Parity (multigravida), and advanced maternal age. Conclusion: Increased maternal age, normal vaginal delivery and multiparity increased the probability of still births in patients with eclampsia. Compared to the Cesarean section mode, normal vaginal delivery had a lower probability of live birth. Multigravida had a lower probability of live birth in eclampsia patients. Keywords: Cesarean Section, Eclampsia, Live birth, Normal vaginal delivery, Stillbirth.