This work evaluates experimentally on a comparative basis the effects of using three customary biofuels on the cyclic variability (irregularity) of combustion and emissions balance in a single-cylinder, light-duty, direct-injection diesel engine run at three loads. Blends of fossil diesel with up to 15% (by volume) ethanol and 24% n-butanol or diethyl ether (DEE) are investigated. Related experimental study including heat release diagrams reported by the authors for these blends in the same engine disclosed the differentiation in performance and emissions of these biofuel blends from running the engine with neat fossil diesel. Given that low ignition quality fuels, as the present biofuels, mainly at high blending ratios may give rise to unstable engine functioning and hence detrimental performance, this work examines on a comparative basis the strength of combustion cycle-to-cycle variations as revealed in the measured cylinder pressure diagrams. The latter are analyzed with respect to maximum pre...

Jordan is classified as a low- to-middle-income, in which the primary energy sources are imported crude oil and natural gas. The energy expenses represent a high percentage of the country's GDP. Meanwhile, due to its geographical location and its climate, Jordan ranks very high among the world countries with respect to solar energy exploitation potential. Therefore, solar energy is a key resource that can be utilized to significantly improve both the country’s economy and energy security. It has to be highlighted that Jordan focus on a network dedicated to solar energy and it has to be mentioned the Erasmus Plus INNOMED Project based on virtual classrooms, which aims to promote innovative technologies and applications of solar energy in MENA Countries. This paper presents an overview of the solar energy resources in Jordan that includes: the current situation, the potential, and future expectations.