Background: Very few studies have focused on the relationship between ambient apparent temperature (AT) and admission of mental and behaviour disorders (MDs). Therefore, a time-series study was conducted in Yancheng, China, to explore the effects of AT on the daily emergency admissions of patients with MDs over the period of 2014–17. Methods: A quasi-Poisson generalized linear model (GLM) combined with a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was adopted to explore the associations after adjusting for time trend, day of the week, humidity, sunshine duration, rainfall, holidays and air pollutants. In the subgroup analysis, the modification effects of age and sex were also examined. Results: Overall, 8438 cases of MDs emergency admissions were identified. With the apparent temperature with the minimum number of admissions (− 3.4 °C) serving as a reference, a positive correlation emerged between high AT and daily emergency admissions of patients with MDs in Yancheng, China, with the lagged effect of 1 to 5 days. The subgroup analysis demonstrated a positive relationship between AT and MDs emergency admissions among males and individuals younger than 45 years old, with no lagged effect. Conclusions: The results will provide important scientific evidence for mental health policy-makers and practitioners for possible intervention, especially among the vulnerable populations.

Objectives To investigate the association between frailty status and risk of fall among middle-aged and older Chinese people. Design A nationally representative prospective cohort study. Setting and Participants The study included 13,877 community-dwelling participants aged 45 years and above from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Methods Frailty status was identified by the frailty index of health deficit accumulation. 34 variables at baseline were selected to calculate the frailty index. We excluded participants with incomplete information in construction of the frailty index at baseline. Falls were measured based on the respondents’ self-report. We used a logistic regression model to estimate the associations between the frailty status and risk of fall, and subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were further conducted. Results Of 13,877 participants, 2310 (16.6%) had falls during the observation period. 9027 (65.0%) participants were classified as robust, 4019 (29.0%) participants were classified as pre-frail, and 831 (6.0%) participants were classified as frail. Our results indicated per 0.01 increment in the frailty index was significantly associated with an increased risk of fall among middle-aged and older participants (OR: 1.52, 95%CI: 1.45–1.60). Such association was stronger when frailty was presented as a categorical variable, with an OR of 1.75 (95%CI: 1.59–1.93) for pre-frail and 3.04 (95%CI: 2.60–3.56) for frail. The area under the curve of the logistic model was 0.612 (95%CI: 0.600–0.625). Each 0.01 increment of the frailty index was association with a higher risk of fall among middle-aged (45–59years) participants (OR: 1.44, 95%CI: 1.29–1.60) than among older (≥60 years) participants (OR: 1.28, 95%CI: 1.16–1.41) at baseline (p=0.015 for interaction). Conclusion Frailty was significantly associated with an increased risk of fall among community-dwelling middle-aged and older people in China. It is necessary to screen and recognize frailty status to prevent falls among middle-aged and older adults.

Introduction This study describes and analyzes the distribution of fall cases documented in the National Injury Surveillance System (NISS) from 2019 to 2022. Methods Fall data from the NISS (2019–2022) were descriptively analyzed by gender and age. Results The NISS in China reported 2,324,577 fall cases from 2019 to 2022. Falls mostly happened at home (39.41%). Leisure activities (39.40%) were the most common cause of falls. Among these cases, 45.22% caused bruises, 31.57% lower limb injuries, while a substantial 73.41% constituted mild injuries. Age-related epidemiological patterns of falls revealed distinct trends. Among 0–9-year-olds, falls predominantly occurred at home (56.71%), with high head injury rates, particularly in infants (72.64%). Adolescents (10–19 years old) were prone to falls in school and school-related areas (37.12%) and during sports activities (27.37%). Elderly individuals (>60 years old) experienced higher fracture rates (36.84%) and an age-dependent increase in head injuries and severe harm. Conclusions Falls are the most prevalent injury category, exhibiting distinct characteristics across age groups. To address this, tailored public health strategies and interventions are essential, particularly for children, adolescents, and adults aged 60 years and older. Effective early prevention and intervention methods are paramount for these high-risk fall populations.