Background: The potential effects of pre-pregnancy body mass (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on pregnancy outcomes remain unclear. Thus, we investigated socio-demographic characteristics that affect pre-pregnancy BMIs and GWG and the effects of pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG on Chinese maternal and infant complications.Methods: 3172 women were enrolled in the Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study-Peking Union Medical College from July 25, 2017 to July 24, 2018, whose babies were delivered before December 31, 2018. Regression analysis was employed to evaluate the socio-demographic characteristics affecting pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG values and their effects on adverse maternal and infant complications.Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age groups < 20 years (OR: 1.97), 25–30 years (OR: 1.66), 30–35 years (OR: 2.24), 35–40 years (OR: 3.90) and ≥ 40 years (OR: 3.33) as well as elementary school or education below (OR: 3.53), middle school (OR: 1.53), high school (OR: 1.40), and living in the north (OR: 1.37) were risk factors in maintaining a normal pre-pregnancy BMI. An age range of 30–35 years (OR: 0.76), living in the north (OR: 1.32) and race of ethnic minorities (OR: 1.51) were factors affecting GWG. Overweight (OR: 2.01) and inadequate GWG (OR: 1.60) were risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Overweight (OR: 2.80) and obesity (OR: 5.42) were risk factors for gestational hypertension (GHp). Overweight (OR: 1.92), obesity (OR: 2.48) and excessive GWG (OR: 1.95) were risk factors for macrosomia. Overweight and excessive GWG were risk factors for a large gestational age (LGA) and inadequate GWG was a risk factor for low birth weights.Conclusions: Overweight and obesity before pregnancy and an excessive GWG are associated with a greater risk of developing GDM, GHp, macrosomia and LGA. The control of body weight before and during the course of pregnancy is recommended to decrease adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially in pregnant women aged < 20 or > 25 years old educated below university and college levels, for ethnic minorities and those women who live in the north of China.Trial registration: Registered at Clinical Trials (NCT03403543), September 29, 2017.

Objectives To investigate the association between frailty status and risk of fall among middle-aged and older Chinese people. Design A nationally representative prospective cohort study. Setting and Participants The study included 13,877 community-dwelling participants aged 45 years and above from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Methods Frailty status was identified by the frailty index of health deficit accumulation. 34 variables at baseline were selected to calculate the frailty index. We excluded participants with incomplete information in construction of the frailty index at baseline. Falls were measured based on the respondents’ self-report. We used a logistic regression model to estimate the associations between the frailty status and risk of fall, and subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were further conducted. Results Of 13,877 participants, 2310 (16.6%) had falls during the observation period. 9027 (65.0%) participants were classified as robust, 4019 (29.0%) participants were classified as pre-frail, and 831 (6.0%) participants were classified as frail. Our results indicated per 0.01 increment in the frailty index was significantly associated with an increased risk of fall among middle-aged and older participants (OR: 1.52, 95%CI: 1.45–1.60). Such association was stronger when frailty was presented as a categorical variable, with an OR of 1.75 (95%CI: 1.59–1.93) for pre-frail and 3.04 (95%CI: 2.60–3.56) for frail. The area under the curve of the logistic model was 0.612 (95%CI: 0.600–0.625). Each 0.01 increment of the frailty index was association with a higher risk of fall among middle-aged (45–59years) participants (OR: 1.44, 95%CI: 1.29–1.60) than among older (≥60 years) participants (OR: 1.28, 95%CI: 1.16–1.41) at baseline (p=0.015 for interaction). Conclusion Frailty was significantly associated with an increased risk of fall among community-dwelling middle-aged and older people in China. It is necessary to screen and recognize frailty status to prevent falls among middle-aged and older adults.

Objective: To estimate the current evidence regarding the association between Helicobacter pylori infection during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes.Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search for relevant publications was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of science databases through November 17th, 2018. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were selected as the effect size. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed.Results: Thirty‐one studies with a total of 22 845 participants were identified. There was significant association of H pylori infection with preeclampsia (OR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.88‐3.34; P < 0.001), fetal growth restriction (OR: 2.28; 95% CI: 1.21‐4.32; P = 0.01), gestational diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.56‐2.64; P < 0.001), spontaneous abortion (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.05‐2.14; P = 0.024), and birth defect (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.05‐2.54; P = 0.03). Sensitivity analysis showed the significant association between H pylori infection and low birthweight (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.05‐2.40; P = 0.03).Conclusion: The present meta‐analysis offers proof to support that H pylori infection during pregnancy can increase the risk on adverse pregnancy outcomes. Screening and treating for H pylori infection before pregnancy should be taken into account.