Background: Road traffic crashes (RTCs) can cause serious and long-lasting consequences for drivers, both in terms of physical and mental health outcomes. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most frequent mental disorder occurring after traumatic exposure. Ethiopian drivers experience RTCs more frequently than other sub-Saharan countries. Despite this prevailing phenomenon, limited attention has been given to PTSD among drivers. Objective: To determine the prevalence of PTSD and associated factors among drivers surviving RTCs in southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among 402 male drivers who had survived RTCs. The study was conducted in Jimma zone, southwest Ethiopia from March to June, 2019. All drivers who had survived RTCs in the last year were included in the study. The Trauma Screening Questionnaire was used to determine the prevalence of PTSD. Data were entered in EpiData 3.1 and exported to SPSS 24 for analysis. Results: The response rate of the study was 398(99%). Fifty of 398 (12.6%, 95% CI 9.5%–16.1%) met PTSD criteria based on the questionnaire. A history of near-miss RTCs (AOR 3.49, 95% CI 1.89–6.43), depression (AOR 3.32, 95% CI 1.36–5.12), and severe-risk cannabis use (AOR 2.51, 95% CI 1.96–7.52) were significantly associated with PTSD. Conclusion and recommendation: The prevalence of PTSD among drivers surviving RTCs was high compared to the general population. A record of near-miss RTCs, depression, and severe-risk cannabis use shown significant associations with PTSD. Strategies and guidelines must be developed to screen and treat PTSD among drivers surviving RTCs. Drivers with experience of near-miss RTCs, depression, and severe-risk cannabis use should be given priority when screening for PTSD.

Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a major cause of preventable premature cardiovascular-related death in developing countries. However, information regarding adherence rates and associated factors is limited and inconsistent in Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from August to November 2019 among selected RHD patients on follow-up at four hospitals in Jimma zone. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Adherence of RHD patients to secondary prophylaxis in the previous consecutive 12 months was assessed based on the annual frequency of received prophylaxis (monthly injection of benzathine penicillin). Good adherence was considered the patient receiving > 80% of the annual dose. The collected data were entered into Epidata 3.1 and analysed using SPSS 23. Results: A total of 253 RHD patients taking prophylaxis were included in the analysis, and of those 178 (70.4%) were female, giving a male:female ratio of 1:2.4. The mean age was 24± 11 (6– 65) years. About 63% had good adherence to benzathine penicillin prophylaxis. New York Heart Association functional class I and II, rural residence, > 30 km from health facility, and duration of prophylaxis > 5 years were associated with poor adherence (respectively: AOR 12.6 [95% CI 2.5– 63], P=0.016; AOR 6.8 [95% CI 1.9– 24.4], P=0.003; AOR 5.5 [95% CI 1.2– 26.7], P=0.046; AOR 1.2 [95% CI 1.1– 3.2], P=0.021). Leading barriers to good adherence were long distance from the treatment setting (56.9%), followed by lack of money (38%). Conclusion: Patients with class I and II heart failure and those living in rural areas, especially > 30 km from a hospital, were identified to be poorly adherent to secondary prophylaxis.

Introduction: Chronic heart failure is associated with changes in sleep pattern and affects quality of sleep among patients with heart failure. Poor sleep has a negative impact on the patients' quality of life, furthermore it compromises cognition and one's self-care practice. Though, factors affecting sleep among heart failure patients have been investigated in developed world, there are limited studies in regards to it in developing countries like Ethiopia. Objective: The aim of the study is to assess the level of sleep quality and associated factors among heart failure patients who are on follow up at Jimma Medical Center (JMC). Material and Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study was employed among the total sample of 111 chronic heart failure patients admitted to medical ward and having follow up at cardiac center of JMC. The data was collected from April 1 -April 30, 2019 through face-to-face interview by using structured questionnaire. Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was applied to assess sleep quality. PSQI score <5 refers to good sleep quality. Data was checked, cleaned for possible errors, entered into Epidata version 4.3.1 and finally exported to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. Appropriate statistical analyses (cross tabulation and logistic regression) were applied. A p value less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results: The mean age was 49 +/- 14 that ranges from 20-89 years by which majority of them 34 (30.6%) belongs to interval age of 35-44 years. The mean of PSQI score was 4.9 +/- 2.79 that ranges from 1-17 scores. Majority of the cardiac patients [69(62.2%)] were considered as having good sleep status (PSQI score 5. Two variables (age of patients more than 65 years and presence of comorbidity) were identified as associated factors with poor sleep quality having P-value less than 0.05 and specific AOR with 95%CI of 4.087 (2.013-8.612) and 3.042 (1.0748.619), respectively. Conclusion: Poor sleep quality is common in heart failure patients. Age >65 years and comorbidities are predictors of poor sleep quality in these patients.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders causing long-term damage to the cardiovascular system which remains asymptomatic among diabetic patients. An electrocardiograph is a simple and first-line tool in the screening of cardiovascular diseases.Objective: To assess electrocardiogram abnormality and associated factors among apparently healthy adult type 2 diabetes patients on follow-up at Jimma Medical Center, 2019.Materials and methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1 to May 30, 2019, at Jimma Medical Center among selected type 2 diabetes patients. Systematic random sampling was employed to select the study participants. The World Health Organization stepwise approach and interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaires were employed to collect basic data. Resting Electrocardiography was done using a standard 12-lead electrocardiograph machine. The collected data were checked for completeness, coded, entered into the Epi-data Version 4.0.2. and exported to SPSS Version 21. Descriptive statistics like frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviations were carried out. Binary and multiple logistic regression was done and apvalue of less than 0.05 was used as a level of significance.Results: A total of 344 type 2 diabetes patients were interviewed and underwent electrocardiography making a 100% response rate. Electrocardiographic abnormality was identified among 209 (61%) of the respondents. Not attending formal education [AOR = 3.07, 95%, CI = 1.37–6.87], solid oil use, [AOR = 1.79, 95%, CI = 1.07–2.98], body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m²[AOR = 2.74, 95%, CI = 1.67–4.50] and long duration of diabetes ≥ 10 years [AOR = 3.36, 95%, CI = 1.46–7.71] were associated with electrocardiogram abnormality.Conclusions: and recommendationIn this study, the majority (3/5th) of the participant had electrocardiogram abnormality. Not attending formal education, longer duration of diabetes ≥ 10 years, solid oil use, and increased body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m²were independent predictors of electrocardiographic abnormality. Integrating electrocardiogram screening in routine diabetic management can pick cardiac complications of diabetes.

Background: Emerging of anesthetics opens a new era to medical discipline in relieving patients’ pain and stress when undergoing surgery but simultaneously exposes the healthcare personnel working in areas of anesthetics exposure to many adverse health effects including reproductive outcomes effects. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effect of inhalational anesthetics exposure on reproductive outcomes and its predictors among health care personnel in hospitals of Jimma zone public hospitals. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from May 01 to 30, 2021. We approached 483 healthcare personnel in Jimma zone public hospitals to partake in this study. Of this number, we recruited 292 healthcare personnel, comprising 146 exposed healthcare personnel and 146 unexposed healthcare personnel. Structured questionnaires were used to assess the reproductive outcomes. Data were entered into EPI-data version 4.6.1 and exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. Binary logistic regressions were carried out to identify associated factors with reproductive outcomes. Statistical significance was declared using a p value < 0.05. Results: The overall prevalence of bad reproductive outcome status was high (30.8%) and the prevalence was much higher among exposed HCPs (20.9%) when compared to unexposed HCPs (9.9%). Among a total of 292 HCPs the likelihood of occurred bad reproductive outcomes was higher among an exposed group (AOR=3.17, 95% CI: 1.40– 7.16) and those who smoke cigarettes (AOR=8.44, 95% CI: 1.93– 36.91). The occurrence rate of bad reproductive outcome was higher among 30– 45h/week exposure (AOR=11.94, 95% CI: 1.25– 24.95) if separately analyzed among exposed and age of couple above 41 years among unexposed (AOR=5.87, 95% CI: 1.56– 22.06) were significantly associated with bad reproductive outcomes. Conclusion: Prevalence of bad reproductive outcomes was higher among exposed HCPs. Hence, it requires attention to create awareness about the danger of anesthetics exposure in the study setting, suggesting the need to further minimize the exposure.