Background. Utilizing antenatal care is one of the best ways to identify issues that are already present or could arise throughout pregnancy. Despite increased efforts to expand health services and antenatal care utilization, less is known regarding antenatal care disparities across different population segments. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the degree of discrepancies between urban and rural Ethiopian pregnant womens use of antenatal care. Methods. A total sample of 3927 women who gave birth to living children between 2014 and 2019 was included in the study from the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey. Negative binomial Poissons regression was adopted to analyze the data. Results. The majority of pregnant women (73.8) attend at least one antenatal care. Pregnant women in rural areas visited fewer number of antenatal care (68.36) than those in urban areas (90.1). Women with age range of 30-40 (IRR: 4.56, 95 CI: 1.07-19.34), women with attending incomplete primary education (IRR: 0.05, 95 CI: 0.02-0.12), women with attending complete primary education (IRR: 0.17, 95 CI: 0.07-0.42), women from middle-income households (IRR: 0.12, 95 CI: 0.06-0.24), women from richer household (IRR: 0.26, 95 CI: 0.14,0.5), women from the richest household (IRR: 0.45, 95 CI: 0.24-0.86), and pregnant women from rural areas (IRR: 0.615, 95: 0.56-0.67) were observed to be linked with the frequency of antenatal care visits. Conclusion. In Ethiopia, three-fourths of pregnant women attend at least one antenatal care. Place of residence, educational attainment, age in five years group, and wealth index for urban/rural were related to the frequency of antenatal care visits.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders causing long-term damage to the cardiovascular system which remains asymptomatic among diabetic patients. An electrocardiograph is a simple and first-line tool in the screening of cardiovascular diseases.Objective: To assess electrocardiogram abnormality and associated factors among apparently healthy adult type 2 diabetes patients on follow-up at Jimma Medical Center, 2019.Materials and methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1 to May 30, 2019, at Jimma Medical Center among selected type 2 diabetes patients. Systematic random sampling was employed to select the study participants. The World Health Organization stepwise approach and interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaires were employed to collect basic data. Resting Electrocardiography was done using a standard 12-lead electrocardiograph machine. The collected data were checked for completeness, coded, entered into the Epi-data Version 4.0.2. and exported to SPSS Version 21. Descriptive statistics like frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviations were carried out. Binary and multiple logistic regression was done and apvalue of less than 0.05 was used as a level of significance.Results: A total of 344 type 2 diabetes patients were interviewed and underwent electrocardiography making a 100% response rate. Electrocardiographic abnormality was identified among 209 (61%) of the respondents. Not attending formal education [AOR = 3.07, 95%, CI = 1.37–6.87], solid oil use, [AOR = 1.79, 95%, CI = 1.07–2.98], body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m²[AOR = 2.74, 95%, CI = 1.67–4.50] and long duration of diabetes ≥ 10 years [AOR = 3.36, 95%, CI = 1.46–7.71] were associated with electrocardiogram abnormality.Conclusions: and recommendationIn this study, the majority (3/5th) of the participant had electrocardiogram abnormality. Not attending formal education, longer duration of diabetes ≥ 10 years, solid oil use, and increased body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m²were independent predictors of electrocardiographic abnormality. Integrating electrocardiogram screening in routine diabetic management can pick cardiac complications of diabetes.