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Dante Rodríguez-Luna
Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile

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Journal article
Published: 12 August 2021 in Sustainability
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In recent years, social and environmental conflicts concerning the aquaculture sector have increased. These conflicts arise from the different perception that individuals, collectives, private companies and the State have about the potential impacts of aquaculture on the environment and quality of life. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of aquaculture projects in Chile is the main administrative tool for decision-making, allowing identify, predict, and propose preventive measures to mitigate negative consequences of this growing sector. This article analyzes the performance of the EIA in Chile concerning aquaculture projects between 1994 and 2019. Of the 5323 projects entering the Chilean EIA during this period, the EIA system-performance analysis selected the 71 most representative. For a reliable comparative analysis, the selected projects were first classified in accordance with the active regulation within the period. Subsequently, 14 performance indicators were selected and similarities—by means of a principal coordinate analysis—were explored. Significant differences between the third (SD40) and the first two (SD30 and SD95) regulations were observed. Based on these results and considering demands of local communities and social leaders (who request continuous articulations among technical areas, administrative tools, and policies to increase the sustainability standards of aquaculture), four opportunities for improving the EIA in aquaculture projects are proposed: incorporation of synergistic and cumulative effects, adaptation to climate change, development of a general methodology, and incorporation of early citizen participation (in projects having environmental charge) increasing the performance and confidence of the EIA. The introduced methodology enables comparisons of the EIA process in different regulatory periods using indicators, serving as guidance to evaluate the performance of the EIA in aquaculture. This methodology can also be used by other aquaculture producing countries around the world.

ACS Style

Dante Rodríguez-Luna; Nuria Vela; Francisco Javier Alcalá; Francisco Encina-Montoya. The Environmental Impact Assessment in Aquaculture Projects in Chile: A Retrospective and Prospective Review Considering Cultural Aspects. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9006 .

AMA Style

Dante Rodríguez-Luna, Nuria Vela, Francisco Javier Alcalá, Francisco Encina-Montoya. The Environmental Impact Assessment in Aquaculture Projects in Chile: A Retrospective and Prospective Review Considering Cultural Aspects. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9006.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dante Rodríguez-Luna; Nuria Vela; Francisco Javier Alcalá; Francisco Encina-Montoya. 2021. "The Environmental Impact Assessment in Aquaculture Projects in Chile: A Retrospective and Prospective Review Considering Cultural Aspects." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9006.

Journal article
Published: 29 October 2020 in Environmental Impact Assessment Review
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In this study, we carried out a comparative analysis of the Chilean Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) system using evaluation criteria compared against three countries to allow for an objective evaluation within the growing demand of society for a more creditable and trustable EIA system. A total of 18 evaluation criteria were selected from the literature, and four new criteria for comparing EIA systems were proposed. The Chilean EIA system was compared to that of Brazil, Spain, and Canada using the following four evaluation criteria categories: EIA Legislation (four criteria), EIA Administration (four criteria), EIA Process (eleven criteria), and After EIA (three criteria). A Hierarchical Agglomerative Cluster Analysis for assessing similarity among the EIA systems of Chile, Canada, and Spain was performed: the similarity being 88%. A Principal Component Analysis shows that only 13 of the selected 22 criteria contribute to the variability of the selected EIA systems. The main strengths of the Chilean EIA system are the existence of Specialized Environmental Courts for the resolution of disputes and Appeal options before execution. The identified weaknesses are an EIA system with high centralization at the national level, the absence of consideration of project alternatives, no requirement for scoping, and that the process of Strategic Environmental Assessment is not binding. Modifications to the Environmental Impact Assessment System Regulation are proposed by authors as feasible improvements particularly in relation to, Decentralization of the EIA system, Alternatives for design, Scoping incorporation, Register of reviewers of baseline information, and the public information process and post-evaluation. The method used seeks out to serve as guidance for countries with similar environmental and social contexts, as well as environmental legislation improvement needs.

ACS Style

Dante Rodríguez-Luna; Nuria Vela; Francisco Javier Alcalá; Francisco Encina-Montoya. The environmental impact assessment in Chile: Overview, improvements, and comparisons. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 2020, 86, 106502 .

AMA Style

Dante Rodríguez-Luna, Nuria Vela, Francisco Javier Alcalá, Francisco Encina-Montoya. The environmental impact assessment in Chile: Overview, improvements, and comparisons. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 2020; 86 ():106502.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dante Rodríguez-Luna; Nuria Vela; Francisco Javier Alcalá; Francisco Encina-Montoya. 2020. "The environmental impact assessment in Chile: Overview, improvements, and comparisons." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 86, no. : 106502.