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External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) are constructive solutions widely used to increase the thermal insulation in new and retrofitted buildings. However, these systems can present several anomalies due to their constant exposure to weathering agents and anthropic factors. Water is generally the major cause of degradation. Thus, the application of water-repellent products can minimize the appearance of anomalies and increase the durability of the systems. In this paper, acrylic-based and siloxane-based hydrophobic products were applied to ETICS, with the aim of assessing the compatibility, effectiveness, and durability of these products. The moisture transport properties and mould susceptibility were assessed through laboratory tests on untreated and treated specimens. The durability of the hydrophobic treatments was also evaluated through artificial aging tests (heat-cold and freeze-thaw cycles). Results show that the protection products generally decreased water absorption, slightly decreased the drying rate, and presented adequate water vapor permeability. After aging, the products still had reasonable effectiveness and, with one exception, improved the water vapor diffusion of the systems. Additionally, ETICS underwent an alteration in the finishing coat (possible modification of the porosity) due to the aging cycles. No clear linear correlation was found between the contact angle values and water absorption results, evidencing the influence of other factors related to the composition of the water-repellent products.
Renata Roncon; Giovanni Borsoi; João Parracha; Inês Flores-Colen; Rosário Veiga; Lina Nunes. Impact of Water-Repellent Products on the Moisture Transport Properties and Mould Susceptibility of External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems. Coatings 2021, 11, 554 .
AMA StyleRenata Roncon, Giovanni Borsoi, João Parracha, Inês Flores-Colen, Rosário Veiga, Lina Nunes. Impact of Water-Repellent Products on the Moisture Transport Properties and Mould Susceptibility of External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems. Coatings. 2021; 11 (5):554.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRenata Roncon; Giovanni Borsoi; João Parracha; Inês Flores-Colen; Rosário Veiga; Lina Nunes. 2021. "Impact of Water-Repellent Products on the Moisture Transport Properties and Mould Susceptibility of External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems." Coatings 11, no. 5: 554.
The production of Portland cement (OP) is commonly associated to significant level of energy consumption and gas emissions. The use of calcium sulfoaluminate cement (CSA) can be a sustainable alternative binder, since its production releases about half of the CO2 emissions and its clinker requires 200 °C lower temperatures, when compared to OP. Furthermore, CSA has fast setting time and achieves higher strength in shorter periods, as well as reduced shrinkage. This paper discusses the incorporation of CSA in rendering mortars and basecoat mortars for ETICS (External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems). The physical-mechanical properties of mortars made with OP and CSA cements were experimental evaluated. The results showed that the introduction of CSA generally improves shrinkage, compressive strength, water absorption at low pressure, enhances the tensile bending strength and decreases the setting time. The amount of CSA introduced into the mixture significantly affected the properties of the cement matrix.
Tiago Trigo; Inês Flores-Colen; Luís Silva; Nuno Vieira; Ana Raimundo; Giovanni Borsoi. Performance and Durability of Rendering and Basecoat Mortars for ETICS with CSA and Portland Cement. Infrastructures 2021, 6, 60 .
AMA StyleTiago Trigo, Inês Flores-Colen, Luís Silva, Nuno Vieira, Ana Raimundo, Giovanni Borsoi. Performance and Durability of Rendering and Basecoat Mortars for ETICS with CSA and Portland Cement. Infrastructures. 2021; 6 (4):60.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTiago Trigo; Inês Flores-Colen; Luís Silva; Nuno Vieira; Ana Raimundo; Giovanni Borsoi. 2021. "Performance and Durability of Rendering and Basecoat Mortars for ETICS with CSA and Portland Cement." Infrastructures 6, no. 4: 60.
Hydrophobic materials are among the most commonly used coatings for building exterior cladding. In fact, these products are easily applied to an existing surface, significantly reduce water absorption and have a minimal impact on the aesthetic properties. On the other hand, although these products have a proven effectiveness, their long-term durability to weathering has not yet been systematically studied and completely understood. For these reasons, this study aims to correlate the effect of artificial aging on the moisture transport properties of hydrophobic treatments when applied on building exterior claddings. Three hydrophobic products (an SiO2-TiO2 nanostructured dispersion; a silane/oligomeric siloxane; and a siloxane) were applied on samples of limestone and of a cement-based mortar. The moisture transport properties (water absorption, drying, water vapor permeability) of untreated and treated specimens were characterized. Furthermore, the long-term durability of the specimens was evaluated by artificial aging, that is, hygrothermal cycles (freeze–thaw and hot–cold). All treatments have significant hydrophobic effectiveness and improve the long term-durability of the treated specimens. However, the results showed that the three hydrophobic products have different effectiveness and durability, with the SiO2-TiO2 nanostructured dispersion being the most durable treatment on limestone, and the siloxane the most suitable for cementitious mortar.
Giovanni Borsoi; Carlos Esteves; Inês Flores-Colen; Rosário Veiga. Effect of Hygrothermal Aging on Hydrophobic Treatments Applied to Building Exterior Claddings. Coatings 2020, 10, 363 .
AMA StyleGiovanni Borsoi, Carlos Esteves, Inês Flores-Colen, Rosário Veiga. Effect of Hygrothermal Aging on Hydrophobic Treatments Applied to Building Exterior Claddings. Coatings. 2020; 10 (4):363.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanni Borsoi; Carlos Esteves; Inês Flores-Colen; Rosário Veiga. 2020. "Effect of Hygrothermal Aging on Hydrophobic Treatments Applied to Building Exterior Claddings." Coatings 10, no. 4: 363.
The analytical characterization of mortar samples from the roman archaeological site of Pisões, located in Southern Portugal, were carried out by means of X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermogravimetry (TGA-DTA), optical and electron scanning microscopy (SEM-EDS), potentiometry and combustion analysis. The Pisões archaeological complex includes a villa rustica, characterized by well-preserved mosaics and thermal baths, as well as a mill and a mausoleum. Countryside villae epitomized the Romanization of the Iberian Peninsula for over six centuries (2nd century BCE–4th century CE). Nevertheless, most of the Roman villae identified in Portugal have not yet been systematically explored and studied. This study provides valuable data on the construction materials and techniques used in Roman times in the Iberian Peninsula. The careful selection of raw materials and the use of natural and artificial pozzolanic materials can explain the favourable state of conservation, mechanical strength and long-term durability of these mortars.
G. Borsoi; António Santos Silva; P. Menezes; A. Candeias; J. Mirão. Analytical characterization of ancient mortars from the archaeological roman site of Pisões (Beja, Portugal). Construction and Building Materials 2019, 204, 597 -608.
AMA StyleG. Borsoi, António Santos Silva, P. Menezes, A. Candeias, J. Mirão. Analytical characterization of ancient mortars from the archaeological roman site of Pisões (Beja, Portugal). Construction and Building Materials. 2019; 204 ():597-608.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. Borsoi; António Santos Silva; P. Menezes; A. Candeias; J. Mirão. 2019. "Analytical characterization of ancient mortars from the archaeological roman site of Pisões (Beja, Portugal)." Construction and Building Materials 204, no. : 597-608.
Calcareous materials such as limestone and lime-based mortars, widely used in the Built Heritage, are often subjected to degradation processes that can lead to loss of cohesion and material loss. Consolidation of these materials with liquid products via the surface is a common practice; however, the most used consolidation products (e. g. TEOS-based) show a poor physical-chemical compatibility with calcareous substrates. For application on calcareous materials, the so-called nanolimes, i. e. dispersions of lime nanoparticles in alcohols, are an alternative to TEOS-based products, thanks to their chemical compatibility with lime-based substrates. Nanolimes can help to recover a superficial loss of cohesion. However, their in-depth consolidation effect is not always satisfactory. Previous work has shown that a better deposition of lime nanoparticles in depth can be achieved by adapting the properties of the nanolime dispersion (kinetic stability and evaporation rate) to the moisture transport properties of the substrate, through optimization of the solvent. In this paper, freshly synthetized nanolimes were dispersed in pure ethanol and/or in binary mixture of ethanol (95 %) and water (5 %). These nanolimes were applied on Maastricht limestone and on a lime-based mortar by capillary absorption (method commonly used for laboratory tests) and by nebulization (method widely used in situ). The aim of this research is to fill the gap between laboratory tests and on site application, providing an application protocol for restorers and professionals in the field. The research shows that results obtained by application by capillary absorption do not always correspond to those obtained by nebulization. This fact should be considered when deciding on the use of a consolidation surface treatment in practice.
Giovanni Borsoi; Barbara Lubelli; Rob Van Hees; Rosário Veiga; António Santos Silva. Application Protocol for the Consolidation of Calcareous Substrates by the Use of Nanolimes: From Laboratory Research to Practice. Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 2018, 22, 99 -109.
AMA StyleGiovanni Borsoi, Barbara Lubelli, Rob Van Hees, Rosário Veiga, António Santos Silva. Application Protocol for the Consolidation of Calcareous Substrates by the Use of Nanolimes: From Laboratory Research to Practice. Restoration of Buildings and Monuments. 2018; 22 (4-6):99-109.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanni Borsoi; Barbara Lubelli; Rob Van Hees; Rosário Veiga; António Santos Silva. 2018. "Application Protocol for the Consolidation of Calcareous Substrates by the Use of Nanolimes: From Laboratory Research to Practice." Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 22, no. 4-6: 99-109.
This research aims to evaluate the intervention techniques currently adopted for the traditional timber frame wall, using a case study in downtown Lisbon. Different rehabilitation solutions were identified and assessed through a multi-criteria decision analysis using dedicated software (M-Macbeth, Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical-Based Evaluation technique). Five evaluation criteria, i.e. material compatibility and permanence, structural reliability and authenticity, and visual-tactile appearance, were selected for this specific context. A multidisciplinary panel of experts in conservation science were consulted for defining the performance descriptors, evaluation levels, and weightings of these criteria. Results show that Macbeth is a useful decision-aid capable of handling multiple outputs generated from qualitative expert judgments. Lastly, the predominance of five best-scoring interventions within three design-related scenarios is discussed.
S. Stellacci; V. Rato; E. Poletti; G. Vasconcelos; G. Borsoi. Multi-criteria analysis of rehabilitation techniques for traditional timber frame walls in Pombalino buildings (Lisbon). Journal of Building Engineering 2018, 16, 184 -198.
AMA StyleS. Stellacci, V. Rato, E. Poletti, G. Vasconcelos, G. Borsoi. Multi-criteria analysis of rehabilitation techniques for traditional timber frame walls in Pombalino buildings (Lisbon). Journal of Building Engineering. 2018; 16 ():184-198.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Stellacci; V. Rato; E. Poletti; G. Vasconcelos; G. Borsoi. 2018. "Multi-criteria analysis of rehabilitation techniques for traditional timber frame walls in Pombalino buildings (Lisbon)." Journal of Building Engineering 16, no. : 184-198.
Giovanni Borsoi; Barbara Lubelli; Rob van Hees; Rosário Veiga; António Santos Silva. Evaluation of the effectiveness and compatibility of nanolime consolidants with improved properties. Construction and Building Materials 2017, 142, 385 -394.
AMA StyleGiovanni Borsoi, Barbara Lubelli, Rob van Hees, Rosário Veiga, António Santos Silva. Evaluation of the effectiveness and compatibility of nanolime consolidants with improved properties. Construction and Building Materials. 2017; 142 ():385-394.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanni Borsoi; Barbara Lubelli; Rob van Hees; Rosário Veiga; António Santos Silva. 2017. "Evaluation of the effectiveness and compatibility of nanolime consolidants with improved properties." Construction and Building Materials 142, no. : 385-394.
The potentialities of nanomaterials for application in the field of conservation have been widely investigated in the last two decades. Among nanomaterials, nanolimes, i.e., dispersions of lime nanoparticles in alcohols are promising consolidating products for calcareous materials. Nanolimes are effective in recovering the very superficial loss of cohesion of decayed materials, but they do not always provide sufficient mass consolidation. This limitation is mainly related to the deposition of the nanoparticles nearby the surface of the material. Experimental research has been set up with the aim of improving the in-depth deposition of lime nanoparticles. Previous research by the authors has shown that nanolime deposition within a substrate can be controlled by adapting the nanolimes properties (kinetic stability and evaporation rate) to the moisture transport behavior of the substrate. Nanolime properties can be modified by the use of different solvents. In this research, nanolime dispersions have been further optimized for application on Maastricht limestone, a coarse porous limestone. Firstly, nanolimes were synthesized and dispersed in ethanol and/or water, both pure and mixed in different percentages. Subsequently, based on the kinetic stability of the nanolime dispersions, the most promising solvent mixtures were selected and applied on the limestone. The deposition of lime nanoparticles within the limestone was studied by phenolphthalein test, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results confirm that nanolime dispersed in a mixture of ethanol (95 %) and water (5 %) can guarantee a better nanoparticles in-depth deposition within coarse porous substrates, when compared to dispersions in pure ethanol.
Giovanni Borsoi; Barbara Lubelli; Rob van Hees; Rosário Veiga; António Santos Silva. Optimization of nanolime solvent for the consolidation of coarse porous limestone. Applied Physics A 2016, 122, 846 .
AMA StyleGiovanni Borsoi, Barbara Lubelli, Rob van Hees, Rosário Veiga, António Santos Silva. Optimization of nanolime solvent for the consolidation of coarse porous limestone. Applied Physics A. 2016; 122 (9):846.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanni Borsoi; Barbara Lubelli; Rob van Hees; Rosário Veiga; António Santos Silva. 2016. "Optimization of nanolime solvent for the consolidation of coarse porous limestone." Applied Physics A 122, no. 9: 846.
Consolidation treatment is a common practice in the field of conservation. However, when considering calcareous materials, there is a lack of efficient and durable consolidants. Colloidal dispersions of Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles, commonly known as nanolimes, can effectively recover the superficial loss of cohesion. However, they do not always guarantee in-depth mass consolidation. The aim of this paper is to give directions for improving in-depth deposition of nanolime dispersions when applied on limestone. A conceptual model, correlating the drying rate and the kinetic stability of nanolimes dispersed in different solvents, to the porosity of the limestone to be treated, is conceived. This model can help to select a suitable nanolime solvent depending on the substrate. Nanolimes were synthetized and dispersed in different solvents (ethanol, isopropanol, butanol and water). The morphology and size of the lime nanoparticles were studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS). The kinetic stability of the nanolime was assessed by Uv–vis spectroscopy. The porosity of the limestones were determined by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), measuring as well their moisture transport properties. The model was validated by applying the different nanolimes to two limestones with very coarse (Maastricht limestone) and very fine porosity (Migné limestone). The absorption and drying kinetics and the deposition of the nanolimes within the treated limestones were investigated by phenolphthalein test, optical microscopy and SEM-EDS analysis. The results show that, as suggested by the model, less stable dispersions (as obtained by higher boiling point solvents e.g. butanol) are more suitable for coarse-pore limestones, while for fine limestones, more stable nanolime dispersions (as obtained by low boiling point solvents e.g. ethanol) should be preferred. Suggestions are given for further improvement and fine tuning of the nanolimes.
G. Borsoi; Barbara Lubelli; R. Van Hees; R. Veiga; António Santos Silva; L. Colla; Laura Fedele; P. Tomasin. Effect of solvent on nanolime transport within limestone: How to improve in-depth deposition. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 2016, 497, 171 -181.
AMA StyleG. Borsoi, Barbara Lubelli, R. Van Hees, R. Veiga, António Santos Silva, L. Colla, Laura Fedele, P. Tomasin. Effect of solvent on nanolime transport within limestone: How to improve in-depth deposition. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2016; 497 ():171-181.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. Borsoi; Barbara Lubelli; R. Van Hees; R. Veiga; António Santos Silva; L. Colla; Laura Fedele; P. Tomasin. 2016. "Effect of solvent on nanolime transport within limestone: How to improve in-depth deposition." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 497, no. : 171-181.
Giovanni Borsoi; Barbara Lubelli; Rob Van Hees; Rosário Veiga; António Santos Silva. Understanding the transport of nanolime consolidants within Maastricht limestone. Journal of Cultural Heritage 2016, 18, 242 -249.
AMA StyleGiovanni Borsoi, Barbara Lubelli, Rob Van Hees, Rosário Veiga, António Santos Silva. Understanding the transport of nanolime consolidants within Maastricht limestone. Journal of Cultural Heritage. 2016; 18 ():242-249.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanni Borsoi; Barbara Lubelli; Rob Van Hees; Rosário Veiga; António Santos Silva. 2016. "Understanding the transport of nanolime consolidants within Maastricht limestone." Journal of Cultural Heritage 18, no. : 242-249.
Patricia Pascoal; Giovanni Borsoi; Rosário Veiga; Paulina Faria; António Santos Silva. Consolidation and chromatic reintegration of historical renders with lime-based pozzolanic products. Studies in Conservation 2014, 60, 321 -332.
AMA StylePatricia Pascoal, Giovanni Borsoi, Rosário Veiga, Paulina Faria, António Santos Silva. Consolidation and chromatic reintegration of historical renders with lime-based pozzolanic products. Studies in Conservation. 2014; 60 (5):321-332.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricia Pascoal; Giovanni Borsoi; Rosário Veiga; Paulina Faria; António Santos Silva. 2014. "Consolidation and chromatic reintegration of historical renders with lime-based pozzolanic products." Studies in Conservation 60, no. 5: 321-332.
This work is inserted in a wider project aiming at the conservation and durability of historical renders, through compatibles techniques and materials; in particular the restitution of cohesion of historical renders, turned friable by the loss of binder due to physical or chemical actions, is studied. Surface consolidation, directed to restore cohesion and stability, is based on the use of materials with aggregating properties. This operation is reached usually through the application of organic or mineral consolidants, but inorganic consolidants (such as calcium hydroxide or ethyl silicate) are preferred due to better compatibility and durability. Based on the results of previous studies, two mineral compatible products were selected: a commercial suspension of nanoparticles of calcium hydroxide in propanol (Nanorestore); a silicate product, consisting on a limewater dispersion of ethyl silicate. Consolidation products were than applied on different mortars samples previously prepared, in order to assess their efficacy by determining their physical, mechanical and microstructural properties before and after the consolidation treatment. Mechanical and physical analyses were performed, such as compression and flexural strenght and superficial hardness. Microstructural and chemical analyses of the consolidation product and of the consolidated samples are also reported.
Giovanni Borsoi; Martha Tavares; Rosário Veiga; António Santos Silva. Studies of the Performance of Nanostructured and other Compatible Consolidation Products for Historical Renders. Materials Science Forum 2012, 730-732, 942 -947.
AMA StyleGiovanni Borsoi, Martha Tavares, Rosário Veiga, António Santos Silva. Studies of the Performance of Nanostructured and other Compatible Consolidation Products for Historical Renders. Materials Science Forum. 2012; 730-732 ():942-947.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanni Borsoi; Martha Tavares; Rosário Veiga; António Santos Silva. 2012. "Studies of the Performance of Nanostructured and other Compatible Consolidation Products for Historical Renders." Materials Science Forum 730-732, no. : 942-947.
Considering ancient monuments and historical buildings, it seems that these mortars have proved to be durable and reliable materials. The restoration and maintenance of old renders is one of the key aspects of correct rehabilitation practice. The ideal course of action is to replace the damaged material by a material with compatible characteristics.The study in development presents the chemical, physical and morphologic analysis performed for ancient air lime mortars belonging to historical monuments: Santa Marta Fortress in the coast line Lisbon-Cascais dated from XVII century and Defense Wall of Lisbon dated from XI century, which layout could be associated to roman period. It is important to underline that the studied samples of ancient portuguese air lime mortars, have been submitted during centuries to very severe maritime environment that includes daily cycles of wet/dry, wind, friction and the constant presence of salts, generally aggressive. However, they show very good performance and conservation state, unlike most of the new air lime mortars, which are generally considered weak, not very durable, materials. This work is included in a study intending to determine key factors to the durability of these ancient materials in presence of water. Visible reaction rims around some aggregates suggests the occurrence of pozzolanic reactions between aggregates and the lime binder that creates neoformation products, such as calcium-silico-aluminates, which seems be, besides the pores filling, the responsible for the resistance and cohesion of these ancient mortars submitted to aggressive humid environments.
Cristina Borges; António Santos Silva; Rosário Veiga; Giovanni Borsoi. Historical Heritage: A Study to Conservation. Materials Science Forum 2012, 730-732, 604 -610.
AMA StyleCristina Borges, António Santos Silva, Rosário Veiga, Giovanni Borsoi. Historical Heritage: A Study to Conservation. Materials Science Forum. 2012; 730-732 ():604-610.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristina Borges; António Santos Silva; Rosário Veiga; Giovanni Borsoi. 2012. "Historical Heritage: A Study to Conservation." Materials Science Forum 730-732, no. : 604-610.
The conservation and durability of historical renders must be carried out through compatible techniques and materials. An important operation is the restitution of historical renders cohesion, turned friable by the loss of binder, usually due to physical and/or chemical actions. Surface consolidation is based on the use of materials with aggregating properties. This operation is reached usually through the application of organic or mineral consolidants, but inorganic consolidants are becoming preferred due to better compatibility and durability. In this article two mineral compatible consolidation products were studied: a commercial suspension of calcium hydroxide nanoparticles in propanol and a limewater dispersion of ethyl silicate. Microscopy (optical and scanning electron microscopy) and X-ray microanalyses of the consolidation products and of the consolidated mortar specimens were carried out. To assess the mechanical properties and product's efficacy, analyses of the compression, flexural strength, and superficial hardness were performed. Microscopy results show that limewater dispersion of ethyl silicate forms platelike silica gels, which can interfere in product penetration. Otherwise, nanolime particles permit homogeneous distribution and optimum penetration on the treated substrate, improving cementing action and the agglomeration process.
Giovanni Borsoi; Martha Tavares; Rosário Veiga; António Santos Silva. Microstructural Characterization of Consolidant Products for Historical Renders: An Innovative Nanostructured Lime Dispersion and a More Traditional Ethyl Silicate Limewater Solution. Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012, 18, 1181 -1189.
AMA StyleGiovanni Borsoi, Martha Tavares, Rosário Veiga, António Santos Silva. Microstructural Characterization of Consolidant Products for Historical Renders: An Innovative Nanostructured Lime Dispersion and a More Traditional Ethyl Silicate Limewater Solution. Microscopy and Microanalysis. 2012; 18 (5):1181-1189.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanni Borsoi; Martha Tavares; Rosário Veiga; António Santos Silva. 2012. "Microstructural Characterization of Consolidant Products for Historical Renders: An Innovative Nanostructured Lime Dispersion and a More Traditional Ethyl Silicate Limewater Solution." Microscopy and Microanalysis 18, no. 5: 1181-1189.
The Santíssimo Sacramento Convent in the Alcântara quarter of Lisbon is one of the most important ecclesiastical structures of the Filipino Period (1580–1640), showing an innovative architectural layout. An intervention aiming at the repair and restoration of the interior plasters of the Santíssimo Sacramento Church was performed in 2009 and 2010. To support the restoration plan, a physical, mechanical and chemical-mineralogical characterisation of the internal plasters of the church was carried out. In this paper the main results are presented, such as various types of plasters, mortars, stuccos and pigments; and also the nature of the main anomalies were identified and characterized. The results obtained contributed to the identification of the main decorative programs characterized by the use of different materials and techniques. The mortars are in very good condition, being composed of aerial calcitic lime with quartzitic and basaltic aggregates. The stuccos are comprised by gypsum and non-hydraulic lime, while the decorative layers features lime with some precious pigments, such as ultramarine (lapislazzuli) and gold-foil gildings. The plaster conservation and restoration works were performed with compatible repair materials selected according to the physical-chemical characterisation and on the evaluation of the conservation state.
António Santos Silva; Giovanni Borsoi; Maria Rosário Veiga; Ana Fragata; Martha Tavares; Fátima Llera; Belany Barreiros; Telma Teixeira. Diagnosis, Characterisation and Restoration of the Internal Renders of Santíssimo Sacramento Church in Lisbon. High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites 6 2012, 175 -194.
AMA StyleAntónio Santos Silva, Giovanni Borsoi, Maria Rosário Veiga, Ana Fragata, Martha Tavares, Fátima Llera, Belany Barreiros, Telma Teixeira. Diagnosis, Characterisation and Restoration of the Internal Renders of Santíssimo Sacramento Church in Lisbon. High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites 6. 2012; ():175-194.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntónio Santos Silva; Giovanni Borsoi; Maria Rosário Veiga; Ana Fragata; Martha Tavares; Fátima Llera; Belany Barreiros; Telma Teixeira. 2012. "Diagnosis, Characterisation and Restoration of the Internal Renders of Santíssimo Sacramento Church in Lisbon." High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites 6 , no. : 175-194.