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The demand for elderly care in China is growing, and the elderly care industry has great development prospects. Climatic conditions are important factors that affect the health of elderly individuals and the development of the elderly care industry. This study will have important guiding significance for the layout of China’s elderly care industry. This paper utilizes ArcGIS and the spatial fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to analyze the climatic suitability for the development of the elderly care industry in China’s four municipalities, the Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan regions, and 333 prefecture-level administrative regions based on six factors: temperature, humidity, airflow, air pressure, sunshine, and precipitation. In addition, development suggestions are proposed. The results show the following. (1) The areas with highly suitable climatic conditions for the development of the elderly care industry in China are concentrated in the eastern and southern areas of Southwest China and the southern areas of Central and East China, mainly in the Yangtze and Pearl River Basins. Slightly suitable areas are distributed around highly suitable areas, concentrated in the central and southern regions of China. Low-suitability areas are clustered, including an area spanning northern North China and East China, southern Northeast China, and central Northwest China, and there is another cluster in Xinjiang. The non-suitable area resembles a strip extending from Northeast China along the Inner Mongolia Plateau to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. (2) In Central and Southwest China, there are 57 prefecture-level administrative units with highly suitable temperature conditions that can develop an elderly care industry for patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Twenty-eight prefecture-level administrative regions with comprehensively suitable temperature and humidity conditions scattered throughout the country can develop an elderly care industry for elderly patients suffering from rheumatic and respiratory diseases.
Mengyuan Wang; XiaoMing Qi; Zehong Li; Maogui Hu. Evaluation of Climatic Condition Suitability for Elderly Care Industry Development in Prefecture-Level Cities in China. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9308 .
AMA StyleMengyuan Wang, XiaoMing Qi, Zehong Li, Maogui Hu. Evaluation of Climatic Condition Suitability for Elderly Care Industry Development in Prefecture-Level Cities in China. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (22):9308.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMengyuan Wang; XiaoMing Qi; Zehong Li; Maogui Hu. 2020. "Evaluation of Climatic Condition Suitability for Elderly Care Industry Development in Prefecture-Level Cities in China." Sustainability 12, no. 22: 9308.
Global large-scale urbanization has a deep impact on climate change and has brought great challenges to sustainable development, especially in urban agglomerations. At present, there is still a lack of research on the quantitative assessment of the relationship between urban scale and urban expansion and the degree of the urban heat island (UHI) effect, as well as a discussion on mitigation and adaptation of the UHI effect from the perspective of planning. This paper analyzes the regional urbanization process, average surface temperature variation characteristics, surface urban heat island (SUHI), which reflects the intensity of UHI, and the relationship between urban expansion, urban scale, and the UHI in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration using multi-source analysis of data from 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. The results show that the UHI effect in the study area was significant. The average surface temperature of central areas was the highest, and decreased from central areas to suburbs in the order of central areas > expanding areas > rural residential areas. From the perspective of spatial distribution, in Beijing, the southern part of the study area, the junction of Tianjin, Langfang, and Cangzhou are areas with intense SUHI. The scale and pace of expansion of urban land in Beijing were more than in other cities, the influencing range of SUHI in Beijing increased obviously, and the SUHI of central areas was most intense. The results indicate that due to the larger urban scale of the BTH urban agglomeration, it will face a greater UHI effect. The UHI effect was also more significant in areas of dense distribution in cities within the urban agglomeration. Based on results and existing research, planning suggestions are proposed for central areas with regard to expanding urban areas and suburbs to alleviate the urban heat island effect and improve the resilience of cities to climate change.
Mingxing Chen; Yuan Zhou; Maogui Hu; Yaliu Zhou. Influence of Urban Scale and Urban Expansion on the Urban Heat Island Effect in Metropolitan Areas: Case Study of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Urban Agglomeration. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 3491 .
AMA StyleMingxing Chen, Yuan Zhou, Maogui Hu, Yaliu Zhou. Influence of Urban Scale and Urban Expansion on the Urban Heat Island Effect in Metropolitan Areas: Case Study of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Urban Agglomeration. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (21):3491.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMingxing Chen; Yuan Zhou; Maogui Hu; Yaliu Zhou. 2020. "Influence of Urban Scale and Urban Expansion on the Urban Heat Island Effect in Metropolitan Areas: Case Study of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Urban Agglomeration." Remote Sensing 12, no. 21: 3491.
A range of environmental constraints including air pollution are now of widespread concern in China because of rapid urbanization. Here we explore the spatiotemporal evolution of population exposure to particulate matter with diameter not greater than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration (BTHU) at a fine spatial resolution based on grid data for population and PM2.5. Our analysis of available data leads to a number of conclusions, including that the majority of areas within the BTHU have been in an air condition with excessive PM2.5 concentrations for a long time. The PM2.5 concentrations within this agglomeration have fluctuated and increased over time while the spatial distribution of this variable is significantly agglomerated and regional, high values in the southeast but low values in the northwest. Second, analyses show that PM2.5 concentrations are especially high within the BTHU, most notably in metropolitan areas including Beijing, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang where population exposure risk is significant. Third, analyses show that the dominant role of PM2.5 concentrations in changing exposure intensities over time has gradually become less significant while urbanization and population migration have gradually exerted a higher degree of influence. The outcomes of this study provide new insights on pollution prevention in urban agglomerations in the future.
Mingxing Chen; Shasha Guo; Maogui Hu; Xiaoping Zhang. The spatiotemporal evolution of population exposure to PM2.5 within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, China. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 265, 121708 .
AMA StyleMingxing Chen, Shasha Guo, Maogui Hu, Xiaoping Zhang. The spatiotemporal evolution of population exposure to PM2.5 within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 265 ():121708.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMingxing Chen; Shasha Guo; Maogui Hu; Xiaoping Zhang. 2020. "The spatiotemporal evolution of population exposure to PM2.5 within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, China." Journal of Cleaner Production 265, no. : 121708.
Geostatistical interpolation methods are used in diverse disciplines, such as environmental science, ecology, and hydrology. With the increasing availability of areal spatial data, area-to-area and area-to-point interpolations have great application potential. In this study, based on the variogram deconvolution algorithm proposed by Goovaerts (2008), an open-source area-to-area kriging package atakrig is developed in the R environment. In atakrig, point-scale variogram and cross-variogram can be automatically deconvoluted from spatial areal samples. It provides a general framework for area-to-area and area-to-point ordinary kriging and cokriging. Two applications show that the package works well in river runoff prediction and missing data interpolation for remote sensing aerosol optical depth. The package can be deployed on different operating systems and computer hardware platforms.
Maogui Hu; Yanwei Huang. atakrig: An R package for multivariate area-to-area and area-to-point kriging predictions. Computers & Geosciences 2020, 139, 104471 .
AMA StyleMaogui Hu, Yanwei Huang. atakrig: An R package for multivariate area-to-area and area-to-point kriging predictions. Computers & Geosciences. 2020; 139 ():104471.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaogui Hu; Yanwei Huang. 2020. "atakrig: An R package for multivariate area-to-area and area-to-point kriging predictions." Computers & Geosciences 139, no. : 104471.
Background In China, the cases of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS in men who have sex with men (MSM) have increased more than tenfold since 2006. However, the MSM population size, geographical distribution, and migration patterns are largely unknown. Objective Our aim is to estimate the number, spatial distribution, and migration of MSM populations in mainland China using big data from social networking. Methods We collected 85 days of data on online users of a social networking MSM app in mainland China. Daily online MSM users and their migration across the country were investigated during a holiday period and a nonholiday period. Using the capture-mark-recapture model, we designed an experiment consisting of two independent samples to estimate the total provincial MSM population. Results The estimate of MSM in mainland China was 8,288,536 (95% CI 8,274,931-8,302,141), accounting for 1.732% (95% CI 1.729%-1.734%) of adult men aged 18 to 64 years. The average daily number of MSM social networking online across mainland China was 1,198,682 during the nonholiday period. The five provinces (including municipalities) with the highest average number of daily online MSM numbers were Guangdong (n=141,712), Jiangsu (n=90,710), Zhejiang (n=72,212), Shandong (n=68,065), and Beijing (n=66,057). The proportion of daily online MSM among adult men in different cities varied from 0.04% to 0.96%, with a mean of 0.20% (SD 0.14%). Three migrating centers—Guangdong, Beijing, and the Yangtze River Delta (Shanghai-Zhejiang-Jiangsu)—accounted for 57.23% of MSM migrants in the county. Conclusions The percentage of MSM among adult men in mainland China is at the middle level compared with other Asia and Pacific countries. However, the number of MSM is very large, and the distribution is uneven. Both MSM distribution and migration are highly affected by socioeconomic status.
Maogui Hu; Chengdong Xu; Jinfeng Wang. Spatiotemporal Analysis of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Mainland China: Social App Capture-Recapture Method. JMIR mHealth and uHealth 2020, 8, e14800 .
AMA StyleMaogui Hu, Chengdong Xu, Jinfeng Wang. Spatiotemporal Analysis of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Mainland China: Social App Capture-Recapture Method. JMIR mHealth and uHealth. 2020; 8 (1):e14800.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaogui Hu; Chengdong Xu; Jinfeng Wang. 2020. "Spatiotemporal Analysis of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Mainland China: Social App Capture-Recapture Method." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 1: e14800.
The marine environment is rigorously protected in the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) and its adjacent sea, and routine monitoring is constantly upgraded. Therefore, scientific and efficient monitoring programmes are needed. Nitrogen is one of the most serious pollutants in the YRE. Obtaining the precise pollution areas of water quality grades (WQGs) are a scientific and management issue that requires optimization of monitoring programmes and interpolation methods. Based on spatiotemporal regression point means of surface with non-homogeneity (STR-PMSN), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations were estimated in a stratified heterogeneous estuary. The annual average areas of DIN Grades I and II were classified by interpolating the concentrations; the values were 3145 km2, 1626 km2, 2320 km2 and 3758 km2 for February, May, August and November, respectively. This means that November had the best water condition, and May had the worst. Meanwhile, DIN area changes showed that the water condition changed due to removal of data much more in August and May than in February and November. The descending order of importance was August, May, February and November. Every month represented different runoff periods. Monitoring frequency should not be reduced. Removal of sampling data for the third stratum had a significant effect on the area. When the sampling data for outer boundary meshes of the third stratum were removed, the water condition became worse. However, when the sampling data for inner boundary meshes were removed, the water condition improved. New sites should be added to the outer boundary region to avoid interpolation instability and reduce the sensitivity of the existing sites. This study assesses the spatiotemporal effect of the marine environmental monitoring programmes on pollutant distribution by STR-PMSN, and it offers guidance for more precise data acquisition and processing methods in the YRE and its adjacent sea.
Haimei Fan; Jiaxin Wang; Maogui Hu; Zhien Li; Xiaoshan Jiang; Jinfeng Wang. Spatiotemporal assessment of marine environmental monitoring programme based on DIN concentration in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent sea. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 707, 135527 .
AMA StyleHaimei Fan, Jiaxin Wang, Maogui Hu, Zhien Li, Xiaoshan Jiang, Jinfeng Wang. Spatiotemporal assessment of marine environmental monitoring programme based on DIN concentration in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent sea. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 707 ():135527.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaimei Fan; Jiaxin Wang; Maogui Hu; Zhien Li; Xiaoshan Jiang; Jinfeng Wang. 2019. "Spatiotemporal assessment of marine environmental monitoring programme based on DIN concentration in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent sea." Science of The Total Environment 707, no. : 135527.
Scrub typhus is a life-threatening disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, and specific antimicrobial medicine is available. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for reducing the risk of severe complications and death. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the case diagnosis situation among medical care institutions and geographical regions in China, and the results will benefit both clinical practice and the disease surveillance system. We extracted individual scrub typhus case data 2006–2016 from a national disease surveillance system in China. The diagnosis category and interval time from illness onset to diagnosis were compared among three levels of medical care institutions and provinces. The descriptive analysis method was performed in our study. During the 11-year study period, 93 481 scrub typhus cases, including 57 deaths, were recorded in the nationwide surveillance system. The overall proportion of laboratory-confirmed cases was only 4.7%, and this proportion varied greatly among primary medical centres (2.8%), county level hospitals (4.2%), and city level hospitals (6.3%). Notably, the proportion of laboratory-confirmed cases has consistently decreased from 16.3% in 2006 to 2.6% in 2016, and the same decreasing trend was found among all three levels of medical care institutions. The interval from illness onset to case diagnosis (Tdiag) for all cases was 5 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 2–9 days) and decreased from 7 days (IQR: 3–11 days) in 2006 to 5 days (IQR: 2–8 days) in 2016. The risk of death for patients with a Tdiag of > 7 days was 2.2 times higher (OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.05–5.21) than that of patients with a Tdiag of < 2 days. The interval time from illness onset to diagnosis for scrub typhus cases decreased greatly in China; however, the diagnosis rate of cases with laboratory-confirmed results must be increased among all levels of medical care institutions to reduce both the risk of death and the misuse of antibiotics associated with scrub typhus.
Hua-Lei Xin; Jian-Xing Yu; Mao-Gui Hu; Fa-Chun Jiang; Xiao-Jing Li; Li-Ping Wang; Ji-Lei Huang; Jin-Feng Wang; Jun-Ling Sun; Zhong-Jie Li. Evaluation of scrub typhus diagnosis in China: analysis of nationwide surveillance data from 2006 to 2016. Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019, 8, 1 -12.
AMA StyleHua-Lei Xin, Jian-Xing Yu, Mao-Gui Hu, Fa-Chun Jiang, Xiao-Jing Li, Li-Ping Wang, Ji-Lei Huang, Jin-Feng Wang, Jun-Ling Sun, Zhong-Jie Li. Evaluation of scrub typhus diagnosis in China: analysis of nationwide surveillance data from 2006 to 2016. Infectious Diseases of Poverty. 2019; 8 (1):1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHua-Lei Xin; Jian-Xing Yu; Mao-Gui Hu; Fa-Chun Jiang; Xiao-Jing Li; Li-Ping Wang; Ji-Lei Huang; Jin-Feng Wang; Jun-Ling Sun; Zhong-Jie Li. 2019. "Evaluation of scrub typhus diagnosis in China: analysis of nationwide surveillance data from 2006 to 2016." Infectious Diseases of Poverty 8, no. 1: 1-12.
Nitrogen is one of the most significant pollutants in the Yangtze River estuary (YRE), China. Reliable estimation of nitrogen concentration in the water is crucial for assessment of the water quality of the estuary. Because ocean fronts exist in the YRE, which divide water masses into different regions, it is necessary to account for the heterogeneity of the water surface when predicting nitrogen concentrations. A new geostatistical method, called spatiotemporal point mean of surface with non-homogeneity (ST-PMSN), is proposed to model the non-stationary spatiotemporal random process of nitrogen concentrations between 2004 and 2013 in the YRE. The method considers the spatiotemporal correlation of surface water nitrogen and uses information from both sides of a boundary for heterogeneous water masses. Comparing with several other interpolating methods, including spatial ordinary kriging (OK), stratified ordinary kriging (SOK), point mean of surface with non-homogeneity (P-MSN), spatiotemporal ordinary kriging (STK), and stratified spatiotemporal ordinary kriging (SSTK), the cross-validation results show that ST-PMSN has the highest accuracy, followed by SSTK, STK, P-MSN, SOK, and OK in descending order. ST-PMSN is therefore demonstrated to be effective in estimating the nitrogen pollutant concentrations in a stratified estuary. According to interpolated nitrogen concentrations in the YRE, water quality has generally deteriorated—with fluctuations—from 2004 to 2013. The average annual reduction in area of water quality of Grades I and II from 2004 to 2013 was 1.10%. At the same time, the average annual increase in area of water quality of Grades III and IV was 0.89% and that of Grade V was 0.21%. The results of this study provide a new and more accurate interpolating method for assessing the pollutant concentration in the marine and offers guidance for more precise classification of water quality in the YRE.
Jiaxin Wang; Maogui Hu; Bingbo Gao; Haimei Fan; Jinfeng Wang. A spatiotemporal interpolation method for the assessment of pollutant concentrations in the Yangtze River estuary and adjacent areas from 2004 to 2013. Environmental Pollution 2019, 252, 501 -510.
AMA StyleJiaxin Wang, Maogui Hu, Bingbo Gao, Haimei Fan, Jinfeng Wang. A spatiotemporal interpolation method for the assessment of pollutant concentrations in the Yangtze River estuary and adjacent areas from 2004 to 2013. Environmental Pollution. 2019; 252 ():501-510.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiaxin Wang; Maogui Hu; Bingbo Gao; Haimei Fan; Jinfeng Wang. 2019. "A spatiotemporal interpolation method for the assessment of pollutant concentrations in the Yangtze River estuary and adjacent areas from 2004 to 2013." Environmental Pollution 252, no. : 501-510.
BACKGROUND In China, the cases of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS in men who have sex with men (MSM) have increased more than tenfold since 2006. However, the MSM population size, geographical distribution, and migration patterns are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE Our aim is to estimate the number, spatial distribution, and migration of MSM populations in mainland China using big data from social networking. METHODS We collected 85 days of data on online users of a social networking MSM app in mainland China. Daily online MSM users and their migration across the country were investigated during a holiday period and a nonholiday period. Using the capture-mark-recapture model, we designed an experiment consisting of two independent samples to estimate the total provincial MSM population. RESULTS The estimate of MSM in mainland China was 8,288,536 (95% CI 8,274,931-8,302,141), accounting for 1.732% (95% CI 1.729%-1.734%) of adult men aged 18 to 64 years. The average daily number of MSM social networking online across mainland China was 1,198,682 during the nonholiday period. The five provinces (including municipalities) with the highest average number of daily online MSM numbers were Guangdong (n=141,712), Jiangsu (n=90,710), Zhejiang (n=72,212), Shandong (n=68,065), and Beijing (n=66,057). The proportion of daily online MSM among adult men in different cities varied from 0.04% to 0.96%, with a mean of 0.20% (SD 0.14%). Three migrating centers—Guangdong, Beijing, and the Yangtze River Delta (Shanghai-Zhejiang-Jiangsu)—accounted for 57.23% of MSM migrants in the county. CONCLUSIONS The percentage of MSM among adult men in mainland China is at the middle level compared with other Asia and Pacific countries. However, the number of MSM is very large, and the distribution is uneven. Both MSM distribution and migration are highly affected by socioeconomic status.
Maogui Hu; Chengdong Xu; Jinfeng Wang. Spatiotemporal Analysis of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Mainland China: Social App Capture-Recapture Method (Preprint). 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleMaogui Hu, Chengdong Xu, Jinfeng Wang. Spatiotemporal Analysis of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Mainland China: Social App Capture-Recapture Method (Preprint). . 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaogui Hu; Chengdong Xu; Jinfeng Wang. 2019. "Spatiotemporal Analysis of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Mainland China: Social App Capture-Recapture Method (Preprint)." , no. : 1.
The large human migration between different areas in China indicates unequal urban and economic development under the background of rapid urbanization and rush for economic growth. Based on social networking big data, we analyzed the difference of population distribution during the Spring Festival holiday and the non-holiday periods. We find that the two patterns differ significantly and there are mainly two levels of population migration center.
Maogui Hu. Visualizing the largest annual human migration during the Spring Festival travel season in China. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 2019, 51, 1618 -1621.
AMA StyleMaogui Hu. Visualizing the largest annual human migration during the Spring Festival travel season in China. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space. 2019; 51 (8):1618-1621.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaogui Hu. 2019. "Visualizing the largest annual human migration during the Spring Festival travel season in China." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 51, no. 8: 1618-1621.
Groundwater pollution is a critical concern in karst areas. This study used the PLEIK (P: protective cover; L: land use; E: epikarst development; I: infiltration conditions; K: karst development) method to assess the vulnerability of groundwater pollution in Guangxi Province, which is the largest karst area in China. The pollution sources and attenuation consist of groundwater pollution hazards. The attributions for the vulnerability and hazard were measured using the geodetector method from geographical information system in Luzhai County in Guangxi. The results confirmed that the vulnerability of groundwater pollution was higher in karst areas than in non-karst areas. In Guangxi, 36.35% of the groundwater samples were polluted. A total of 49.73% of the areas in Luzhai County contained hazardous levels of pollution. The risk assessment map, which interacted with the vulnerability and hazards, was 58.2% similar to the groundwater pollution distribution. The influence of the hazard on groundwater pollution was 2.6 times that of the vulnerability. It is crucial to control pollution sources to prevent groundwater pollution.
Zhen Zhu; Jiaxin Wang; Maogui Hu; Lin Jia. Geographical detection of groundwater pollution vulnerability and hazard in karst areas of Guangxi Province, China. Environmental Pollution 2018, 245, 627 -633.
AMA StyleZhen Zhu, Jiaxin Wang, Maogui Hu, Lin Jia. Geographical detection of groundwater pollution vulnerability and hazard in karst areas of Guangxi Province, China. Environmental Pollution. 2018; 245 ():627-633.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhen Zhu; Jiaxin Wang; Maogui Hu; Lin Jia. 2018. "Geographical detection of groundwater pollution vulnerability and hazard in karst areas of Guangxi Province, China." Environmental Pollution 245, no. : 627-633.
Aerosol is an important component of the atmosphere that affects the environment, climate, and human health. Remote sensing is an efficient observation method for monitoring global aerosol distribution and changes over time. The daily Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) level-2 aerosol optical depth (AOD) (Collection 6) product (10 km resolution) is often used to study climate change and air pollution. However, the product is prone to yielding large amounts of data gaps due to the unfeasibility of retrieving reliable estimates under cloudy conditions, and these data gaps inevitably affect the results and analysis of the product's application. In this study, a geostatistical data interpolation framework based on the spatiotemporal kriging method was implemented to interpolate satellite AOD products in Beijing, China. Compared to the ordinary kriging method for filling data gaps, the spatiotemporal interpolation not only utilizes spatial autocorrelation but also considers the temporal and spatiotemporal autocorrelations between different locations. In the study region, the completeness of the spatiotemporal-interpolated AOD product reaches 67.73%, which is significantly superior to the completeness of the original MODIS product (14.27%) and that of the spatial kriging-interpolated AOD product (33.3%). The cross-validation results show that the mean absolute error of the spatiotemporal kriging results (0.07) is lower than that of the ordinary kriging (0.09).
Jing Yang; Maogui Hu. Filling the missing data gaps of daily MODIS AOD using spatiotemporal interpolation. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 633, 677 -683.
AMA StyleJing Yang, Maogui Hu. Filling the missing data gaps of daily MODIS AOD using spatiotemporal interpolation. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 633 ():677-683.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJing Yang; Maogui Hu. 2018. "Filling the missing data gaps of daily MODIS AOD using spatiotemporal interpolation." Science of The Total Environment 633, no. : 677-683.
Water quality is critical to ensure that marine resources and the environment are utilized in a sustainable manner. The objective of this study is therefore to investigate the optimum placement of marine environmental monitoring sites to monitor water quality in Shanghai, China. To improve the mapping or estimation accuracy of the areas with different water quality grades, the monitoring sites were fixed in transition bands between areas of different grades rather than in other positions. Following bidirectional optimization method, first, 18 candidate sites were selected by filtering out specific site categories. Second, three of these were, in turn, eliminated because of the rule defined by the changes in the areas of water quality grades and by the standard deviation of the interpolation errors of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphate (PO4-P). Furthermore, indicator kriging was employed to depict the transition bands between different water quality grades whenever new sampling sites were added. The four optimization projects of the newly added sites reveal that, all optimized sites were distributed in the transition bands of different water grades, and at the same time in the areas where the historical sites were sparsely distributed. New sites were also found in the overlap region of different transition bands. Additional sites were especially required in these regions to discriminate the boundaries of different water quality grades. Using the bidirectional optimization method of the monitoring sites, the boundaries of different water quality grades could be determined with a higher precision. As a result, the interpolation errors of DIN and PO4-P could theoretically decrease.
Haimei Fan; Bingbo Gao; Jinfeng Wang; Xiaoguang Qin; Pengxia Liu; Maogui Hu; Peng Xu. Optimization of Shanghai Marine Environmental Monitoring Sites in the Identification of Boundaries of Different Water Quality Grades. Journal of Ocean University of China 2018, 17, 846 -854.
AMA StyleHaimei Fan, Bingbo Gao, Jinfeng Wang, Xiaoguang Qin, Pengxia Liu, Maogui Hu, Peng Xu. Optimization of Shanghai Marine Environmental Monitoring Sites in the Identification of Boundaries of Different Water Quality Grades. Journal of Ocean University of China. 2018; 17 (4):846-854.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaimei Fan; Bingbo Gao; Jinfeng Wang; Xiaoguang Qin; Pengxia Liu; Maogui Hu; Peng Xu. 2018. "Optimization of Shanghai Marine Environmental Monitoring Sites in the Identification of Boundaries of Different Water Quality Grades." Journal of Ocean University of China 17, no. 4: 846-854.
Previous research suggested an association between maternal exposure to ambient air pollutants and risk of congenital heart defects (CHDs), though the effects of particulate matter ≤10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) on CHDs are inconsistent. We used two machine learning models (i.e., random forest (RF) and gradient boosting (GB)) to investigate the non-linear effects of PM10 exposure during the critical time window, weeks 3–8 in pregnancy, on risk of CHDs. From 2009 through 2012, we carried out a population-based birth cohort study on 39,053 live-born infants in Beijing. RF and GB models were used to calculate odds ratios for CHDs associated with increase in PM10 exposure, adjusting for maternal and perinatal characteristics. Maternal exposure to PM10 was identified as the primary risk factor for CHDs in all machine learning models. We observed a clear non-linear effect of maternal exposure to PM10 on CHDs risk. Compared to 40 μg m−3, the following odds ratios resulted: 1) 92 μg m−3 [RF: 1.16 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.28); GB: 1.26 (95% CI: 1.17, 1.35)]; 2) 111 μg m−3 [RF: 1.04 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.14); GB: 1.04 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.08)]; 3) 124 μg m−3 [RF: 1.01 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.10); GB: 0.98 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.02)]; 4) 190 μg m−3 [RF: 1.29 (95% CI: 1.14, 1.44); GB: 1.71 (95% CI: 1.04, 2.17)]. Overall, both machine models showed an association between maternal exposure to ambient PM10 and CHDs in Beijing, highlighting the need for non-linear methods to investigate dose-response relationships.
Zhoupeng Ren; Jun Zhu; Yanfang Gao; Qian Yin; Maogui Hu; Li Dai; Changfei Deng; Lin Yi; Kui Deng; Yanping Wang; Xiaohong Li; Jinfeng Wang. Maternal exposure to ambient PM10 during pregnancy increases the risk of congenital heart defects: Evidence from machine learning models. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 630, 1 -10.
AMA StyleZhoupeng Ren, Jun Zhu, Yanfang Gao, Qian Yin, Maogui Hu, Li Dai, Changfei Deng, Lin Yi, Kui Deng, Yanping Wang, Xiaohong Li, Jinfeng Wang. Maternal exposure to ambient PM10 during pregnancy increases the risk of congenital heart defects: Evidence from machine learning models. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 630 ():1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhoupeng Ren; Jun Zhu; Yanfang Gao; Qian Yin; Maogui Hu; Li Dai; Changfei Deng; Lin Yi; Kui Deng; Yanping Wang; Xiaohong Li; Jinfeng Wang. 2018. "Maternal exposure to ambient PM10 during pregnancy increases the risk of congenital heart defects: Evidence from machine learning models." Science of The Total Environment 630, no. : 1-10.
Surface water quality is a matter of serious concern in China. This study quantitatively analyzes the spatial–temporal characteristics of surface water quality among 100 monitoring stations in China during 2015. A geographical detector was used to detect the influential annual and seasonal factors. Surface water quality is primarily controlled by the content of nutrient pollutants and organic pollutants. Natural factors (precipitation, temperature, soil erosion, and terrain) and anthropogenic factors [land use type, population density, and per capita gross domestic product (GDP-per-capita)] were selected as geographical proxies to be tested for their explanatory power for surface water quality. Results indicated that the top three factors influencing the annual mean of nutrient pollutants were the population density, terrain, and precipitation, the explanatory power of which was 0.82, 0.35, and 0.24, respectively. The interactive explanatory power for population density and terrain was 0.88 and for population density and precipitation was 0.87, both exhibiting enhanced interaction relationships. The top three factors influencing the annual mean of organic pollutants were population density, temperature, and basin, the explanatory power of which was 0.46, 0.29, and 0.27, respectively. The interactive explanatory power for population density and basin was 0.80 and for terrain and precipitation was 0.82, both demonstrating a nonlinear enhanced interaction relationship. For seasonal changes, the nutrient pollutants and organic pollutants were both affected by agricultural runoff due to seasonal farming. This study revealed that anthropogenic factors influenced surface water quality two to three times more than natural factors.
Jiaxin Wang; Maogui Hu; Fengsong Zhang; Bingbo Gao. Influential factors detection for surface water quality with geographical detectors in China. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 2018, 32, 2633 -2645.
AMA StyleJiaxin Wang, Maogui Hu, Fengsong Zhang, Bingbo Gao. Influential factors detection for surface water quality with geographical detectors in China. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment. 2018; 32 (9):2633-2645.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiaxin Wang; Maogui Hu; Fengsong Zhang; Bingbo Gao. 2018. "Influential factors detection for surface water quality with geographical detectors in China." Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 32, no. 9: 2633-2645.
The geographical extent, magnitude, and uncertainty of global climate change have been widely discussed and have critical policy implications at both global and local scales. In this study, a new analysis of annual mean global land surface air temperature since 1880 was generated, which has greater coverage and lower uncertainty than previous distributions. The Biased Sentinel Hospitals Areal Disease Estimation (BSHADE) method, used in this study, makes a best linear unbiased estimation (BLUE) when a sample is small and biased to a spatially heterogeneous population. For the period of 1901–2010, the warming trend was found to be 0.109 °C decade−1 with 95% confidence intervals between 0.081 °C and 0.137 °C. Additionally, warming exhibited different spatial patterns in different periods. In the early 20th century (1923–1950), warming occurred mainly in the mid-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, whereas in the most recent decades (1977–2014), warming was more spatially extensive across the global land surface. Compared with other common methods, the difference in results appears in the areas with few stations and in the early years, when stations had sparse coverage and were unevenly distributed. Validation, which was performed using real data that simulated the historic situation, showed a smaller error in the BSHADE estimate than in other methods. This study produced a new database with greater coverage and less uncertainty that will improve the understanding of climate dynamics on the Earth since 1880, especially in isolated areas and early periods, and will benefit the assessment of climate-change-related issues, such as the effects of human activities.
Jinfeng Wang; Chengdong Xu; Maogui Hu; Qingxiang Li; Zhongwei Yan; Phil Jones. Global land surface air temperature dynamics since 1880. International Journal of Climatology 2017, 38, e466 -e474.
AMA StyleJinfeng Wang, Chengdong Xu, Maogui Hu, Qingxiang Li, Zhongwei Yan, Phil Jones. Global land surface air temperature dynamics since 1880. International Journal of Climatology. 2017; 38 ():e466-e474.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinfeng Wang; Chengdong Xu; Maogui Hu; Qingxiang Li; Zhongwei Yan; Phil Jones. 2017. "Global land surface air temperature dynamics since 1880." International Journal of Climatology 38, no. : e466-e474.
Jinfeng Wang; Qian Yin; Shilu Tong; Zhoupeng Ren; Maogui Hu; Hongrui Zhang. Prolonged continuous exposure to high fine particulate matter associated with cardiovascular and respiratory disease mortality in Beijing, China. Atmospheric Environment 2017, 168, 1 -7.
AMA StyleJinfeng Wang, Qian Yin, Shilu Tong, Zhoupeng Ren, Maogui Hu, Hongrui Zhang. Prolonged continuous exposure to high fine particulate matter associated with cardiovascular and respiratory disease mortality in Beijing, China. Atmospheric Environment. 2017; 168 ():1-7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinfeng Wang; Qian Yin; Shilu Tong; Zhoupeng Ren; Maogui Hu; Hongrui Zhang. 2017. "Prolonged continuous exposure to high fine particulate matter associated with cardiovascular and respiratory disease mortality in Beijing, China." Atmospheric Environment 168, no. : 1-7.
Zhi-Hong Zhang; Maogui Hu; Jing Ren; Zi-Yin Zhang; George Christakos; Jinfeng Wang. Probabilistic assessment of high concentrations of particulate matter (PM 10 ) in Beijing, China. Atmospheric Pollution Research 2017, 8, 1143 -1150.
AMA StyleZhi-Hong Zhang, Maogui Hu, Jing Ren, Zi-Yin Zhang, George Christakos, Jinfeng Wang. Probabilistic assessment of high concentrations of particulate matter (PM 10 ) in Beijing, China. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 2017; 8 (6):1143-1150.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhi-Hong Zhang; Maogui Hu; Jing Ren; Zi-Yin Zhang; George Christakos; Jinfeng Wang. 2017. "Probabilistic assessment of high concentrations of particulate matter (PM 10 ) in Beijing, China." Atmospheric Pollution Research 8, no. 6: 1143-1150.
Jie Li; Jinfeng Wang; Chengdong Xu; Qian Yin; Maogui Hu; Zhaojun Sun; Dewang Shao. Hand, foot, and mouth disease in mainland China before it was listed as category C disease in May, 2008. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2017, 17, 1017 -1018.
AMA StyleJie Li, Jinfeng Wang, Chengdong Xu, Qian Yin, Maogui Hu, Zhaojun Sun, Dewang Shao. Hand, foot, and mouth disease in mainland China before it was listed as category C disease in May, 2008. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2017; 17 (10):1017-1018.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJie Li; Jinfeng Wang; Chengdong Xu; Qian Yin; Maogui Hu; Zhaojun Sun; Dewang Shao. 2017. "Hand, foot, and mouth disease in mainland China before it was listed as category C disease in May, 2008." The Lancet Infectious Diseases 17, no. 10: 1017-1018.
Jinfeng Wang; Maogui Hu; Qiao Sun; Yilan Liao; Chuchu Ye. Biased Sentinel Hospital Area Disease Estimator. Early Warning for Infectious Disease Outbreak 2017, 245 -261.
AMA StyleJinfeng Wang, Maogui Hu, Qiao Sun, Yilan Liao, Chuchu Ye. Biased Sentinel Hospital Area Disease Estimator. Early Warning for Infectious Disease Outbreak. 2017; ():245-261.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinfeng Wang; Maogui Hu; Qiao Sun; Yilan Liao; Chuchu Ye. 2017. "Biased Sentinel Hospital Area Disease Estimator." Early Warning for Infectious Disease Outbreak , no. : 245-261.