A series of nine nitro group-containing chalcones were synthesized to investigate their anti-inflammatory and vasorelaxant activities via in vivo, ex vivo, and in silico studies. The anti-inflammatory effects of the compounds were evaluated via a TPA-induced mouse ear edema model, and the vasorelaxant effects were evaluated via an isolated organ model in addition to molecular docking studies. The compounds with the highest anti-inflammatory activity were 2 (71.17 ± 1.66%), 5 (80.77 ± 2.82%), and 9 (61.08 ± 2.06%), where the nitro group is located at the ortho position in both rings, as confirmed by molecular docking with COX-1 and COX-2. The compounds with the highest vasorelaxant activity were 1 (81.16 ± 7.55%), lacking a nitro group, and 7 (81.94 ± 2.50%), where the nitro group is in the para position of the B ring; both of these compounds interact with the eNOS enzyme during molecular docking. These results indicate that the position of the nitro group in the chalcone plays an important role in these anti-inflammatory and vasorelaxant activities.

Three functionalized chalcones containing combinations of nitro functional groups have been synthesized via Claisen-Schmidt condensation between 2-nitroacetophenone and nitrobenzaldehyde, and the crystal structures obtained ((E)-1,3-bis(2-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one, 1a, (E)-1-(2-nitrophenyl)-3-(3-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one, 1b and (E)-1-(2-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one, 1c), C₁₅H₁₀N₂O_5, are reported. Compounds 1a and 1c crystallized in the triclinic centrosymmetric space group P$\overline{1}$, whereas compound 1b crystallized in the orthorhombic space group Pbca. The X-ray analysis reveals that structures 1a and 1b exhibits s-trans conformation, whereas structure 1c exists in s-cis conformation, concerning the olefinic double bonds. In addition, the results show that the position of the nitro substituent attached to the aromatic B-ring has a direct effect on the molecular coplanarity of these compounds. The Hirshfeld surface analysis suggests that the non-covalent π-π stacking interactions are the most important contributors for the crystal packing of 1a and 1b. In 1c, the crystal packing is mainly stabilized by weak intermolecular C―H···O interactions due to the planar nature of the molecule.

Chalcones are compounds containing an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group that have been studied due to their structural simplicity, ease of synthesis, and broad spectrum of biological activities. Within this family, nitrochalcones have gained relevance due to the influence of the nitro group (–NO₂) on the modulation of their electronic properties, chemical reactivity, and pharmacological behavior. This review presents a critical analysis of advances in the biological activities and possible mechanisms of action of nitrochalcones and their derivatives, with an emphasis on their structure–activity relationships and therapeutic potential. The available evidence shows that nitrochalcones and their derivatives act as multitarget molecules, capable of intervening in key biological processes such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and cell signaling pathways associated with proliferation and apoptosis. Several studies report anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, antimicrobial, antifungal, and cardiovascular activities, often with favorable selectivity toward pathological cells over healthy cells.

La constante evolución de los recursos tecnológicos que se han generado en las últimas décadas y en particular las tecnologías emergentes, así como la Inteligencia Artificial (IA), ha tomado relevancia en su uso en la elaboración de recursos didácticos por profesores que imparten asignaturas de ciencias básicas. Desde sus inicios en 1956 la inteligencia artificial ha revolucionado todas las áreas disciplinares, incluyendo la educación, sin embargo, se ha discutido muy poco sobre el impacto de su despliegue en el área de las ciencias básicas. En este estudio se discute el impacto de la IA en la implementación de recursos didácticos en profesores de ciencias básicas que imparten asignaturas de matemáticas, física y química. La metodología utilizada en esta investigación fue transversal descriptiva, se diseñaron 10 preguntas y se tomaron como muestra a 20 profesores. El análisis de los datos obtenidos muestra un patrón interesante que demarca claramente la transición del uso de herramientas de IA, al implementar con juicio una variedad de estas junto a las prácticas convencionales. En conclusión, se observó una aceptación parcial en el uso de IA con tendencia positiva, lo cual implica que el uso de estas herramientas se irá regularizando e incorporando dentro de las estrategias de aprendizaje en las planeaciones didácticas.

A series of three chalcones with a nitro moiety in ring B (compounds 3a–c) was obtained by following a classic Claisen–Schmidt condensation procedure, which involved hydro-alcoholic conditions at room temperature. The reaction yields are consistently high (>90%), and the spectroscopic data are in close agreement with the anticipated structures. The anti-inflammatory protective effect of 3a–c was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced rat hind paw edema model. Moreover, a Tukey test was conducted to compare the data obtained herein with those for chalcones containing the nitro moiety in Ring A.

This study describes the efficient synthesis of five dinitrochalcones (DNCH) using an ultrasonic bath as an unconventional method to improve reaction yields and reduce reaction times. The Claisen-Schmidt condensation of nitroacetophenones and nitrobenzaldehydes was carried out in a cyclohexane-methanol solvent system under ultrasonic irradiation, achieving yields between 56% and 92%. The application of ultrasound not only accelerated the reaction but also improved the overall efficiency compared to conventional methods such as magnetic stirring. Characterization of the synthesized compounds was performed by NMR spectroscopy, confirming the consistency of their structures. Thus, it is confirmed that obtaining DNCH with a nitro group in ortho provide by ultrasonic irradiation is an energetically efficient and environmentally friendly alternative.