Given the prevalence of handwritten documents in human interactions, optical character recognition (OCR) for documents holds immense practical value. OCR is a field that empowers the translation of various document types and images into data that can be analyzed, edited, and searched. In handwritten recognition techniques, symmetry can be crucial to improving accuracy. It can be used as a preprocessing step to normalize the input data, making it easier for the recognition algorithm to identify and classify characters accurately. This review paper aims to summarize the research conducted on character recognition for handwritten documents and offer insights into future research directions. Within this review, the research articles focused on handwritten OCR were gathered, synthesized, and examined, along with closely related topics, published between 2019 and the first quarter of 2024. Well-established electronic databases and a predefined review protocol were utilized for article selection. The articles were identified through keyword, forward, and backward reference searches to comprehensively cover all relevant literature. Following a rigorous selection process, 116 articles were included in this systematic literature review. This review article presents cutting-edge achievements and techniques in OCR and underscores areas where further research is needed.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) changed the world’s lifestyle switching many techno-services to be provided remotely instead of direct usual physical interactions between people. This study focused on university students’ perceptions of this virtual technology-engineering change as discrepancies to be analyzed. The research surveyed 777 different students from four Arab middle-east neighboring countries, with related demographics and specifications, expressing full remarkable experiences of e-technology in virtual as well as traditional performances helping reveal overall tolerance possibilities. The study adopted examination technology via ANOVA to test discrepancies within students' perceptions for overall multi-factors deep analysis classification. The exploration highlighted an interesting range of pros and cons remarks including feminism and economic effect as well as other cultural and engineering interaction issues, raising signals to essentially consider and mutually benefit from adequate future generation e-techno adaptation within the region.

The widespread use of technology has led to the need for data protection frameworks to regulate the collection, processing, sharing, and disposal of personal data. This study assesses the compliance of 66 Hajj and Umrah-related mobile applications with the Saudi Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL), focusing on applications available on Google Play and the Apple App Store. As a pioneering assessment in the religious tourism sector, this study examines the extent to which these applications meet the requirements of the PDPL, including consent, user rights, and data security. The findings show significant deficiencies in app developers' adherence to both user personal data requirements and user data protection principles, with compliance rates ranging from 18.2% to 33.3% and from 12.1% to 33.3%, respectively. These findings indicate the lack of data protection protocols in app development, underlining the vital need for developers to strictly adhere to personal data protection standards. The study emphasizes the crucial importance of preserving user personal information and encourages developers to prioritize data security, thus enhancing trust in the digital experiences of pilgrims.