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C. Martínez-Gaitán
Tecnova Technology Centre, Science and Technology Park of Almeria (PITA), Av. Innovation, 23, El Alquián, 04131 Almeria, Spain

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Journal article
Published: 21 May 2020 in Agronomy
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The stable isotope 15N was used to assess the recovery of mineral N fertilizer applied to fertigated and drip-irrigated spring muskmelon and autumn-winter sweet pepper crops grown in greenhouse soil plots. They received 92–96% of mineral N fertilizer as NO3−. 15N-labeled Ca (NO3)2 fertilizer was applied to crops during vegetative growth and fruit production phases. Crops were grown with either conventional management or combined improved N and irrigation management. Improved management for both irrigation and N was based on the combined use of models, to estimate crop requirements, and of monitoring of soil parameters. In sweet pepper, from conventional management, 15N recoveries from the 15N applications made during vegetative growth and fruit production were 66% and 58%, respectively. With improved management in sweet pepper, the corresponding 15N recoveries were 82% and 77%. In muskmelon, 15N recoveries from conventional management from the 15N applications made during vegetative growth and fruit production were 71% and 42%, respectively. With improved management, the corresponding 15N recoveries were 68% and 44%, respectively. The results demonstrated that combined drip irrigation and fertigation systems with frequent irrigation and N fertilizer application can have very high recovery of applied N fertilizer, of 77–82%.

ACS Style

Carolina Martínez-Gaitán; María Rosa Granados; María Dolores Fernández; Marisa Gallardo; Rodney B. Thompson. Recovery of 15N Labeled Nitrogen Fertilizer by Fertigated and Drip Irrigated Greenhouse Vegetable Crops. Agronomy 2020, 10, 741 .

AMA Style

Carolina Martínez-Gaitán, María Rosa Granados, María Dolores Fernández, Marisa Gallardo, Rodney B. Thompson. Recovery of 15N Labeled Nitrogen Fertilizer by Fertigated and Drip Irrigated Greenhouse Vegetable Crops. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (5):741.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carolina Martínez-Gaitán; María Rosa Granados; María Dolores Fernández; Marisa Gallardo; Rodney B. Thompson. 2020. "Recovery of 15N Labeled Nitrogen Fertilizer by Fertigated and Drip Irrigated Greenhouse Vegetable Crops." Agronomy 10, no. 5: 741.

Journal article
Published: 16 April 2020 in Applied Sciences
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Even though the splicing graft technique is relatively recent, it has become the most commonly used grafting method for solanaceae, and in particular, for tomato. Today, almost everyone has standardized the use of plastic or silicone grafting clips, equipped with manipulating wings and a frontal opening, to ensure proper bonding and allow for wound healing. Numerous factors influence the success or failure of the grafting process, factors such as the seedling varieties combined, climatic conditions, pre-graft and post-graft care, cutting point, cutting angle, pressure of the clips, blade edge, or substrate water content, among others. In this work, several alternatives in the graft assembly and coupling protocol were evaluated. Having studied the different working alternatives for grafting using a robotic system, two modes of joining order were analyzed. It has been shown that there are 20% more recorded successes if one first joins the graft seedlings and then places the grafting clip to guarantee their union. In addition, we studied the different orientation alternatives for the cutting line and the seedling union with respect to the clip opening—there were approximately 10% more successes obtained in grafts where the splice-union cutting line between the two plants faced the clip opening.

ACS Style

José-Luis Pardo-Alonso; Ángel Carreño-Ortega; Carolina-Clara Martínez-Gaitán; Hicham Fatnassi. Behavior of Different Grafting Strategies Using Automated Technology for Splice Grafting Technique. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 2745 .

AMA Style

José-Luis Pardo-Alonso, Ángel Carreño-Ortega, Carolina-Clara Martínez-Gaitán, Hicham Fatnassi. Behavior of Different Grafting Strategies Using Automated Technology for Splice Grafting Technique. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (8):2745.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José-Luis Pardo-Alonso; Ángel Carreño-Ortega; Carolina-Clara Martínez-Gaitán; Hicham Fatnassi. 2020. "Behavior of Different Grafting Strategies Using Automated Technology for Splice Grafting Technique." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8: 2745.

Journal article
Published: 12 December 2019 in Agronomy
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Horticultural grafting is routinely performed manually, demanding a high degree of concentration and requiring operators to withstand extreme humidity and temperature conditions. This article presents the results derived from adapting the splicing technique for tomato grafting, characterized by the coordinated work of two conventional anthropomorphic industrial robots with the support of low-cost passive auxiliary units for the transportation, handling, and conditioning of the seedlings. This work provides a new approach to improve the efficiency of tomato grafting. Six test rates were analyzed, which allowed the system to be evaluated across 900 grafted units, with gradual increases in the speed of robots work, operating from 80 grafts/hour to over 300 grafts/hour. The results obtained show that a higher number of grafts per hour than the number manually performed by skilled workers could be reached easily, with success rates of approximately 90% for working speeds around 210–240 grafts/hour.

ACS Style

José-Luis Pardo-Alonso; Ángel Carreño-Ortega; Carolina-Clara Martínez-Gaitán; Iacopo Golasi; Marta Gómez Galán. Conventional Industrial Robotics Applied to the Process of Tomato Grafting Using the Splicing Technique. Agronomy 2019, 9, 880 .

AMA Style

José-Luis Pardo-Alonso, Ángel Carreño-Ortega, Carolina-Clara Martínez-Gaitán, Iacopo Golasi, Marta Gómez Galán. Conventional Industrial Robotics Applied to the Process of Tomato Grafting Using the Splicing Technique. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (12):880.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José-Luis Pardo-Alonso; Ángel Carreño-Ortega; Carolina-Clara Martínez-Gaitán; Iacopo Golasi; Marta Gómez Galán. 2019. "Conventional Industrial Robotics Applied to the Process of Tomato Grafting Using the Splicing Technique." Agronomy 9, no. 12: 880.

Project report
Published: 04 May 2019 in Agronomy
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This paper reports the results on the agronomic performance of organic amendments in the EU 7th FP project “FERTIPLUS—reducing mineral fertilizers and agro-chemicals by recycling treated organic waste as compost and bio-char”. Four case studies on field-scale application of biochar, compost and biochar-blended compost were established and studied for three consecutive years in four distinct cropping systems and under different agro-climatic conditions in Europe. These included the following sites: olive groves in Murcia (Spain), greenhouse grown tomatoes in Almeria (Spain), an arable crop rotation in Oost-Vlaanderen (Merelbeke, Belgium), and three vineyards in Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italy). A slow pyrolysis oak biochar was applied, either alone or in combination with organic residues: compost from olive wastes in Murcia (Spain), sheep manure in Almeria (Spain), and compost from biowaste and green waste in Belgium and Italy. The agronomical benefits were evaluated based on different aspects of soil fertility (soil total organic carbon (TOC), pH, nutrient cycling and microbial activity) and crop nutritional status and productivity. All amendments were effective in increasing soil organic C in all the field trials. On average, the increase with respect to the control was about 11% for compost, 20% for biochar-blended compost, and 36% for biochar. The amendments also raised the pH by 0.15–0.50 units in acidic soils. Only biochar had a negligible fertilization effect. On the contrary, compost and biochar-blended compost were effective in enhancing soil fertility by increasing nutrient cycling (25% mean increase in extractable organic C and 44% increase in extractable N), element availability (26% increase in available K), and soil microbial activity (26% increase in soil respiration and 2–4 fold enhancement of denitrifying activity). In general, the tested amendments did not show any negative effect on crop yield and quality. Furthermore, in vineyards and greenhouse grown tomatoes cropping systems, compost and biochar-blended compost were also effective in enhancing key crop quality parameters (9% increase in grape must acidity and 16% increase in weight, 9% increase in diameter and 8% increase in hardness of tomato fruits) important for the quality and marketability of the crops. The overall results of the project suggest that the application of a mixture of biochar and compost can benefit crops. Therefore, biochar-blended compost can support and maintain soil fertility.

ACS Style

Miguel A. Sánchez-Monedero; María L. Cayuela; María Sánchez-García; Bart Vandecasteele; Tommy D’Hose; Guadalupe López; Carolina Martínez-Gaitán; Peter J. Kuikman; Tania Sinicco; Claudio Mondini. Agronomic Evaluation of Biochar, Compost and Biochar-Blended Compost across Different Cropping Systems: Perspective from the European Project FERTIPLUS. Agronomy 2019, 9, 225 .

AMA Style

Miguel A. Sánchez-Monedero, María L. Cayuela, María Sánchez-García, Bart Vandecasteele, Tommy D’Hose, Guadalupe López, Carolina Martínez-Gaitán, Peter J. Kuikman, Tania Sinicco, Claudio Mondini. Agronomic Evaluation of Biochar, Compost and Biochar-Blended Compost across Different Cropping Systems: Perspective from the European Project FERTIPLUS. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (5):225.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miguel A. Sánchez-Monedero; María L. Cayuela; María Sánchez-García; Bart Vandecasteele; Tommy D’Hose; Guadalupe López; Carolina Martínez-Gaitán; Peter J. Kuikman; Tania Sinicco; Claudio Mondini. 2019. "Agronomic Evaluation of Biochar, Compost and Biochar-Blended Compost across Different Cropping Systems: Perspective from the European Project FERTIPLUS." Agronomy 9, no. 5: 225.

Journal article
Published: 21 December 2018 in Agronomy
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Herbaceous crop yield intensification creates favourable conditions for the development of pests that intensify the attack of soil pathogens traditionally controlled by disinfectant, which are mostly prohibited and unlisted because of their toxicity. The use of grafted plants solves this problem and assists in addressing abiotic stress conditions. Within Solanaceae, specifically tomato crops (Solanum lycopersicum), the use of the splicing technique (simple and easily automated) is of special interest. This experiment attempts to present the combined influence of cutting angle and different random diameters on grafting success with the objective of detecting an optimum working range that will be applicable to automated and robotic grafting systems. An increase in the grafting angle is associated with a higher survival of grafted plants despite variations in diameter. Moreover, a threshold cutting angle is observed from which the success rate no longer increases but decreases drastically. Therefore, for a given working range with a significant cutting angle, whether the seedlings of origin are similar in diameter is not important, and this factor is more influential outside the optimal cutting angle range.

ACS Style

José-Luis Pardo-Alonso; Ángel Carreño-Ortega; Carolina-Clara Martínez-Gaitán; Ángel-Jesús Callejón-Ferre. Combined Influence of Cutting Angle and Diameter Differences between Seedlings on the Grafting Success of Tomato Using the Splicing Technique. Agronomy 2018, 9, 5 .

AMA Style

José-Luis Pardo-Alonso, Ángel Carreño-Ortega, Carolina-Clara Martínez-Gaitán, Ángel-Jesús Callejón-Ferre. Combined Influence of Cutting Angle and Diameter Differences between Seedlings on the Grafting Success of Tomato Using the Splicing Technique. Agronomy. 2018; 9 (1):5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José-Luis Pardo-Alonso; Ángel Carreño-Ortega; Carolina-Clara Martínez-Gaitán; Ángel-Jesús Callejón-Ferre. 2018. "Combined Influence of Cutting Angle and Diameter Differences between Seedlings on the Grafting Success of Tomato Using the Splicing Technique." Agronomy 9, no. 1: 5.

Journal article
Published: 05 January 2018 in Agricultural Water Management
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The capacity of the EU-Rotate_N model to simulate agronomic parameters (dry matter production, yield, crop N uptake, evapotranspiration (ETc), soil water content dynamics) and parameters associated to nitrate (NO3−) pollution (drainage, NO3− leaching, accumulation of mineral N in soil) was evaluated in sequences of melon and pepper crops grown in plastic greenhouses. Simulated values of all output variables were compared to measured values. Two sequences with either conventional or improved management for water and N were examined during the 2005 and 2006 cropping seasons. Additionally, simulation of drainage and NO3− leaching was evaluated during the period between crops following irrigations associated with soil disinfection and leaching of accumulated salts. Calibration of parameters related to crop growth, the critical N curve and ETc considerably improved simulation of drainage, NO3− leaching and of soil water and soil mineral N dynamics. Following calibration, the EU-Rotate_N model accurately simulated dry matter production, crop N uptake and marketable fruit yield; the simulation errors being lower or similar to those reported elsewhere. ETc and drainage were accurately simulated in the 2006 melon and pepper crops and in the 2005 melon crop; they were respectively over- and under-estimated in the 2005 pepper crop probably on account of a virus infection. EU-Rotate_N accurately simulated soil water content for the 0−30 and 30−60 cm soil layers. Soil mineral N and NO3− leaching were generally underestimated by EU-Rotate_N, the error being larger in the 2005 sequences; however, the model effectively simulated seasonal trends.

ACS Style

F. Soto; R.B. Thompson; M.R. Granados; C. Martínez-Gaitán; M. Gallardo. Simulation of agronomic and nitrate pollution related parameters in vegetable cropping sequences in Mediterranean greenhouses using the EU-Rotate_N model. Agricultural Water Management 2018, 199, 175 -189.

AMA Style

F. Soto, R.B. Thompson, M.R. Granados, C. Martínez-Gaitán, M. Gallardo. Simulation of agronomic and nitrate pollution related parameters in vegetable cropping sequences in Mediterranean greenhouses using the EU-Rotate_N model. Agricultural Water Management. 2018; 199 ():175-189.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. Soto; R.B. Thompson; M.R. Granados; C. Martínez-Gaitán; M. Gallardo. 2018. "Simulation of agronomic and nitrate pollution related parameters in vegetable cropping sequences in Mediterranean greenhouses using the EU-Rotate_N model." Agricultural Water Management 199, no. : 175-189.