This review highlights oral anomalies with major clinical impact in Addison disease (AD), including dental health and dermatologic features, through a dual perspective: pigmentation issues and AD comorbidities with oral manifestations. Affecting 92% of AD patients, cutaneomucosal hyperpigmentation is synchronous with or precedes general manifestations by up to a decade, underlying melanocytic infiltration of the basal epidermal layer; melanophages in the superficial dermis; and, rarely, acanthosis, perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate, and hyperkeratosis. Intraoral pigmentation might be the only sign of AD; thus, early recognition is mandatory, and biopsy is helpful in selected cases. The buccal area is the most affected location; other sites are palatine arches, lips, gums, and tongue. Pigmented oral lesions are patchy or diffuse; mostly asymptomatic; and occasionally accompanied by pain, itchiness, and burn-like lesions. Pigmented lingual patches are isolated or multiple, located on dorsal and lateral areas; fungiform pigmented papillae are also reported in AD individuals. Dermoscopy examination is particularly indicated for fungal etiology; yet, it is not routinely performed. AD’s comorbidity burden includes the cluster of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) type 1 underlying AIRE gene malfunction. Chronic cutaneomucosal candidiasis (CMC), including oral CMC, represents the first sign of APS1 in 70–80% of cases, displaying autoantibodies against interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17F ± IL-22, and probably a high mucosal concentration of interferon (IFN)-γ. CMC is prone to systemic candidiasis, representing a procarcinogenic status due to Th17 cell anomalies. In APS1, the first cause of mortality is infections (24%), followed by oral and esophageal cancers (15%). Autoimmune hypoparathyroidism (HyP) is the earliest endocrine element in APS1; a combination of CMC by the age of 5 years and dental enamel hypoplasia (the most frequent dental complication of pediatric HyP) by the age of 15 is an indication for HyP assessment. Children with HyP might experience short dental roots, enamel opacities, hypodontia, and eruption dysfunctions. Copresence of APS-related type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) enhances the risk of CMC, as well as periodontal disease (PD). Anemia-related mucosal pallor is related to DM, hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, corresponding gastroenterological diseases (Crohn’s disease also presents oral ulceration (OU), mucogingivitis, and a 2–3 times higher risk of PD; Biermer anemia might cause hyperpigmentation by itself), and rheumatologic diseases (lupus induces OU, honeycomb plaques, keratotic plaques, angular cheilitis, buccal petechial lesions, and PD). In more than half of the patients, associated vitiligo involves depigmentation of oral mucosa at different levels (palatal, gingival, alveolar, buccal mucosa, and lips). Celiac disease may manifest xerostomia, dry lips, OU, sialadenitis, recurrent aphthous stomatitis and dental enamel defects in children, a higher prevalence of caries and dentin sensitivity, and gingival bleeding. Oral pigmented lesions might provide a useful index of suspicion for AD in apparently healthy individuals, and thus an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation is useful. The spectrum of autoimmune AD comorbidities massively complicates the overall picture of oral manifestations.

Uterine artery embolization as a therapeutic method in fibromyoma requires a good knowledge of the origin of the uterine artery to the success of this procedure involving selective catheterization. This study presents a classification of anatomical variants of uterine artery as a retrospective review of consecutive arteriogram, complete with various aspects of the origin of the uterine artery in cadaver dissection, in the Department of Anatomy.

Fetus in fetu (FIF) is a rare entity, with a difficult preoperative diagnosis, frequently being an intraoperative surprise. In recent literature, theories pertaining to its development either assimilate the tumor with a monochorionic twin that halted its evolution, or with a highly differentiated mature teratoma. We present the case of a 27-year-old patient, with a cystic tumor in the anterior mediastinum, which intraoperatively proved to be a rare case of intrathoracic FIF. The clinical presentation lacked any specific clues that would infer such a diagnosis; imaging was partially useful as it shown the possible existence of bone structures, heterogeneously mixed with fatty inclusions and other types of tissue. Upon surgery, the nature of said tumor was clear, and pathology confirmed the FIF diagnosis, showing different types of epithelia and tissue of several organ-like structures that halted in evolution at an early stage. Concluding our presentation, we can say that the presence of an axial skeleton as well as differentiated tissue types of several organs could confirm our case of FIF.

Background/Objectives: Dental caries and gingival inflammation share several biofilm-related determinants. This study evaluated the association between Community Periodontal Index (CPI) screening categories and permanent-dentition caries experience in a consecutively recruited clinical sample of children and adolescents from Southwest Romania. Methods: The multicenter cross-sectional study included 638 participants aged 6–19 years, analyzed as 6–12 years (n = 407) and 13–19 years (n = 231). Analyses included nonparametric comparisons, adjusted Poisson models, a formal CPI-by-age-stratum interaction, continuous-age sensitivity analyses, and generalized Poisson models allowing underdispersion. Results: Mean DMF-T was 4.71 ± 2.55 and 4.93 ± 2.58 in the younger and older strata, respectively. CPI correlated strongly with DMF-T (rho = 0.743 and 0.749; both p < 0.001). Adjusted expected DMF-T counts were higher for CPI 1 and CPI 2 than for CPI 0 in both strata. There was no statistical evidence that the CPI–DMF-T association differed by age stratum (global interaction p = 0.749) or continuous age (p = 0.552). Plaque Index adjustment markedly attenuated CPI estimates; the extent of residual CPI association was sensitive to count-model specification. Conclusions: Higher CPI categories were associated with greater cumulative caries experience in this clinical sample, but the findings do not establish temporality, causality, or predictive validity. Unequal numbers of erupted permanent teeth and CPI-eligible sextants may have contributed to the observed gradient because these quantities were not retained analytically.