Spices have been known for their various health activities; however, they also possess the allergic potential for the respiratory system and the skin as they are fine particulate matter. Persons involved in spice agriculture and food industries are at greater risk since they are exposed to a considerable amount of combustible dust, which may be the cause of fire and explosion and adversely affect the health. These workers may experience allergy, long-term and short-term respiratory issues including occupational asthma, dermatitis, etc. Some spices induce T cell-based inflammatory reaction upon contact recognition of the antigen. Antigen Presenting Cells (APC) on binding to the causative metabolite results in activation of macrophages by allergen cytokine interleukin (IL)-12 and tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF). Cross-reactivity for protein allergens is another factor which seems to be a significant trigger for the stimulation of allergic reactions. Thus, it was imperative to perform a systematic review along with bioinformatics based representation of some evident allergens has been done to identify the overall conservation of epitopes. In the present manuscript, we have covered a multifold approach, i.e., to categorize the spice particles based on a clear understanding about nature, origin, mechanisms; to assess metabolic reactions of the particles after exposure as well as knowledge on the conditions of exposure along with associated potential health effects. Another aim of this study is to provide some suggestions to prevent and to control the exposure up to some extent.

An 18-year-old male smoker inhaled butane gas out of a pocket lighter with his friend for the purpose of changing his voice. He suddenly collapsed and lost his consciousness. Upon arrival to the Emergency Department, he was found pulseless with a rhythm of ventricular fibrillation. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was initiated according to the advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) protocol for three cycles until return of spontaneous circulation archived. After extubation, the patient was ataxic and had significant memory loss and severe confusion. Days later he improved and was discharged with walking aid for his ataxia and a plan to followup with the neurology team for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and electroencephalogram (EEG) as an outpatient.

Background: Even though ultrasound is an excellent tool in medical diagnostics and evaluation, its lack of full automation can be a substantial downside. In this study, we evaluated the result of bedside ultrasound right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain by physicians in the emergency ward of King Saud University Medical City when compared to the review of the diagnosis by hospital radiologists. Methods: By means of a questionnaire, data were collected from King Saud hospital patients who presented with RUQ pain suggesting biliary disease in the emergency department. The questionnaire was made available on-site and a notification was passed to all on-duty physicians per shift to fill it out after the initial investigation of RUQ pain and to place the printout in a collection box. Results: Half of the initial diagnoses were cholelithiasis (53.6%), followed by cholecystitis (30.4%), and lastly cholangitis (3.4%), making the majority of suggested diagnoses related to the gall bladder. A review by the on-duty radiologist confirmed 55.2% of initial diagnoses and refuted 22.4%. Conclusion: More RUQ ultrasound training is required among emergency physicians.