Dermatomycoses pose significant zoonotic and public health challenges, involving interactions among fungal agents, host immunity, and environmental reservoirs. Eight cases of dermatophyte infection involving five humans, two cats and one dog were investigated in the Umbria region applying a One-Health approach, as recommended by the CDC. Fungal isolates were identified by mycological and molecular methods as Microsporum canis (n = 4), Nannizzia gypsea (n = 3), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes genotype III* (n = 1). The source of infection was identified in four cases enabling the implementation of appropriate treatment, removal of fomites, and environmental sanitization; as a result, no recurrences were observed. In the remaining cases, environmental assessments showed no fungal burden, indicating likely incidental transmission. Close cohabitation or contact with cats emerged as a risk factor. The patient’s medical history should always include exposure to animals in order to facilitate early recognition, correct management, and prevention. Interdisciplinary collaboration among dermatologists, veterinarians, and laboratory technicians is essential to optimize therapeutic outcomes and to prevent potential antifungal resistance phenomena. Moreover, continuous surveillance under a One-Health framework will enable better epidemiological understanding of dermatophyte species dynamics, particularly zoonotic agents.

In 2017, the Commission Implementing Decision (European Union [EU]) 2017/1910 officially declared Italy to be enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL)-free. The Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/689 laid criteria to maintain an official disease-free status. While some infection clusters persist in restricted areas, specific measures are being implemented to eliminate pockets of viral persistence. This updated analysis of current data, concerning epidemiological trends of EBL in Italy from January 2022 to December 2024, aimed to analyze the status of infection clusters in terms of risk factors associated with bovine leukemia virus (BLV) seropositivity to evaluate the effectiveness of the eradication measures. Our findings highlighted an improvement in EBL eradication; however, the Latium region lags behind in terms of disease eradication while the situation in Apulia is being resolved. Campania, which has implemented restrictive and consistent health measures, has the lowest prevalence and incidence rates compared with previous years. Identifying and assessing risk factors that favor EBL persistence in infection clusters is essential as is implementing specific measures to eliminate such clusters, thereby enabling disease eradication and the adoption of targeted prevention strategies.

Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic disease of major concern for both veterinary and public health. In horses, it is associated with equine recurrent uveitis, a painful condition that may lead to blindness and affects approximately 10% of the global horse population. In May 2025, following the occurrence of three uveitis cases in a riding stable in Central Italy, 94 equine blood samples were collected and tested using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for Leptospira spp. Antibody titres against serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae were detected in 68 horses (72.4%). An on-site investigation was conducted, and control measures were implemented, including movement restrictions, clinical monitoring of horses, and antibiotic treatment. Follow-up serological testing showed no significant variation in antibody titres, no additional clinical cases were observed in animals, and no symptoms were reported among individuals exposed to the facility. These findings suggest widespread exposure to Leptospira spp. without evidence of ongoing transmission or public health impact. This study highlights the diagnostic and management challenges of equine leptospirosis, together with the importance of surveillance within a One Health framework.

The expansion of urbanized areas is leading to increased human−animal interactions, thereby creating potential new ecosystems for wildlife. In this context, dermatophytoses are of particular significance. This investigation aimed to evaluate the presence of dermatophyte species in wild animals enrolled by passive control and targeted active control plans or deceased for causes independent of this study and analyzed for necroscopic procedures. From 2010 to 2024, a total of 704 samples were collected and analyzed by conventional and molecular assays. Dermatophytes were detected in 77 animals. The molecular approach identified Paraphyton mirabile (5.96%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex (2.41%), Microsporum canis (0.71%), Arthroderma curreyi, A. thuringense (0.57% each), A. uncinatum, and A. eboreum (0.43% each). In one animal a co-infection of T. mentagrophytes and M. canis was found. Considering wild animals as sentinels for dermatophytoses, it is crucial to implement surveillance to prevent potential zoonotic outbreaks.

Trichophyton indotineae is an emerging dermatophyte associated with extensive, chronic, recalcitrant, and frequently terbinafine-resistant dermatophytosis worldwide. In this study, 30 T. indotineae strains isolated in Italy were investigated. The isolates were obtained from patients originating from Asian countries, from patients from other countries, and from Italian patients who reported no travel outside Italy in the preceding years. Clinical isolates were identified by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing and analyzed to assess the occurrence and molecular basis of terbinafine resistance. Terbinafine resistance was detected in 18 strains (60%) using a real-time PCR assay. Sequencing of the squalene epoxidase (SQLE) gene revealed mutations associated with resistance, including L393S in nine strains and F397L in another nine strains. NGS analysis confirmed two terbinafine-resistant strains carrying the L393S and F397L mutations, respectively, and detected the A448T mutation in one terbinafine-susceptible strain. These findings demonstrate the presence of terbinafine-resistant T. indotineae across five regions of Italy and confirm the occurrence of SQLE mutations previously linked to antifungal resistance. Data obtained also support a link with endemic Asian areas, other than suggesting the possible occurrence of autochthonous transmission in Italy.