The rapid advancement of technology has led to significant milestones in industrial progress, surpassing previous capabilities and presenting new challenges for adaptation. The current phase of industrial revolutions is characterized by accelerated technological development, particularly in automation and digitalization. For instance, the global industrial robotics market was valued at approximately USD 43.0 billion in 2022 and is projected to reach USD 70.6 billion by 2028. The integration of human labor alongside robotic machinery, though a tangible reality, may still seem abstract in certain regions. Despite the recent announcement of the fourth industrial revolution, Industry 5.0 has quickly emerged as the new standard toward which industries aspire. This study performs a bibliometric analysis of articles published between 2020 and 2023 that explores the implications of these two industrial revolutions and the transition between them. Using the Clarivate Analytics’ Web of Science Core Collection, the study identifies 154 articles using the Biblioshiny package in R, which simultaneously discuss Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 within their titles, abstracts, or keywords. An impressive annual growth rate of 119.47% among the published papers included in the dataset underlines the interest of the research community in this field. Additionally, key findings include the identification of prominent sources, prolific authors, highly cited articles and their content, as well as common research themes explored across the analyzed papers. Among the most relevant sources in terms of the number of publications, the journal Sustainability plays a key role, holding the first position, followed by Applied Sciences, and Sensors. In terms of motor themes, digital transformation, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and smart manufacturing have been found to play a key role. As a result, the present research contributes to understanding the rapid evolution from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0, highlighting key trends, influential research, and emerging themes that are shaping the future of industrial advancements.

The rapid advancement of technology in recent years has led to an increasing dependence on mobile devices for communication, entertainment and access to information. The rise of the mobile internet has fundamentally transformed the way we live, work, and interact with each other. This paper examines the evolution of portable devices, from the first mobile phones to modern smartphones and tablets, and explores the impact of these devices on the development of the mobile Internet. We trace the evolution of mobile technologies, from the early days of cellular networks to the emergence of 3G, 4G, and 5G networks, and the development of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth technologies. We also explore the impact of mobile devices on various industries, including advertising, entertainment, and e-commerce. Through this analysis, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the rise of the mobile internet and the transformative effect it has had on society.

In recent years, neutrosophic theory has garnered increasing attention within scholarly circles due to its applicability in various domains. Within these domains, the field of decision-making has derived significant advantages from the progressions in neutrosophic theory. Notably, neutrosophic theory has made substantial contributions by advancing and offering a range of aggregation operators and information measures specifically designed for enhancing decision-making processes. In this context, this study aims to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the current research landscape in the field of neutrosophic theory, with a specific focus on understanding its applications and development trends. Our analysis reveals that the scientific literature addresses neutrosophic theory in a diverse range of applications. This examination encompasses a scrutiny of key contributors, affiliated academic institutions, influential publications, and noteworthy journals within the neutrosophic domain. To achieve this, we have curated a dataset comprising scholarly papers retrieved from Clarivate Analytics’ Web of Science Core Collection database, employing keywords closely aligned with neutrosophic theory and its applications, spanning a specified timeframe starting from the year in which the first paper on neutrosophic theory was published, namely, from 2005 until 2022. Our findings underscore sustained and robust scholarly interest in neutrosophic theory, characterized by a considerable high annual growth rate of 43.74% during the specified period. Additionally, our investigation delves into the identification and analysis of pivotal keywords and emerging trends, shedding light on prominent research trajectories within this domain. Furthermore, we elucidate collaborative networks among authors, their academic affiliations, and the global distribution across diverse countries and territories, providing valuable insights into the worldwide proliferation of neutrosophic research and applications. Employing n-gram analysis techniques across titles, keywords, abstracts, and keyword-plus fields unveils a multitude of applications where neutrosophic theory plays a central role. The analysis culminates in a review of globally cited documents and a comprehensive discussion highlighting the significance of neutrosophic theory in contemporary research and problem-solving contexts.

The objectives of sustainable development aim to find a balance between economic, social, and ecological plans through which to reduce the use of the planet’s resources without somehow affecting human well-being. As we have already entered the second half of the time allotted to achieve these goals, it is necessary to note what progress has been made and to have a future analysis of what may happen to see what can be done to bring this plan to an end. Hence, the aim of this paper is to assess the extent to which Romania is projected to attain its sustainable development goals. In order to be able to forecast the route that some of the sustainable development objectives are heading towards (among which there are elements related to agriculture, energy poverty, pollution, innovation, youth education, etc.), values were forecast for a period of three years using the ARIMA method, having as historical data the period 2015–2021. According to the analysis carried out, for some objectives, the situation seems to be flourishing, but this is not the case for all the analyzed indicators. Thus, it should be taken into account that, at the European level, Romania occupies, in many cases, low positions in terms of the progress made and that it is possible that some of the objectives will not be met.

Sustainable development is a very important and highly debated concept worldwide, with almost all states around the globe recognizing the importance of supporting a balancing of economic, social and ecological plans to create a more prosperous and equitable world. The purpose of the current study is to identify the current context of the progress achieved by the EU member states regarding the 17 sustainable development objectives. Following the implemented research, it was found that Romania is one of the countries with the lowest performance, so an attempt was made to make a short-term forecast in the case of this country in order to determine its future course. In this sense, the Holt–Winters trend methods were used, which are based on historical data to predict future values. According to the analysis carried out, the predicted values are mainly encouraging, but it is necessary for the competent authorities to become more involved because, in many aspects, Romania is at the bottom of the European Union (EU) ranking regarding the analyzed indicators.

Poverty is a major concern worldwide, and so its eradication represents the first Sustainable Development Goal. Moreover, quality education and decent working conditions are among the factors that seem to reduce poverty, a detail also observed in the current research. The current study aimed to determine poverty and educational levels along with work conditions within the 11 EU Member States located in Central and Eastern Europe using 2023 Eurostat data. To identify them, two techniques were implemented: cluster analysis and the TOPSIS method. The first is used to determine similarities and differences between countries, and the second is used with the purpose of achieving a ranking of the countries based on the 10 indicators designed to examine the three SDGs investigated. Among the results discovered, the clear differentiation of Romania and Bulgaria compared to the other countries was observed for most of the indicators analysed, especially for the people in severe material and social deprivation, as well as the share of individuals having at least basic digital skills. Thus, by applying both methods, the grouping of Romania and Bulgaria is obvious, with these countries being characterised by the poorest performances within the analysed countries. At the opposite end of the scale was Slovenia, which presented the lowest values of the indicators intended to define poverty for the year evaluated, standing out among the countries with the best results for most of the indicators included in the analysis.