This research is devoted to solving an environmental problem, cleaning of the Kazakhstan air basin, through treatment of auto-transport toxic exhaust by improving the hydrocarbon composition of motor fuels and neutralizing exhaust gas toxic components. The catalytic hydrodearomatization of gasoline fractions (from the reforming stage) of the Atyrau and Pavlodar Refineries and the neutralization of exhaust gas toxic components from an internal combustion engine (ICE) were studied. Two hydrotreated gasoline fractions were tested during ICE operation. The research shows that 100% benzene conversion is observed over Rh-Pt(9:1)/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts; that is, benzene is completely removed from both fractions, and the aromatics content decreases from 56.24–58.12% to 21.29–21.89%, within the values of the Euro-5,6 standard. Catalytic treatment of fuels reduces fuel consumption of the ICE engine by 2–3% compared to the initial gasoline fractions, the CO content in the exhaust gases decreases by 6.6–16.2%, and the hydrocarbon content decreases by 7.8–24.7%. In order to neutralize the ICE exhaust gas toxic components, the catalyst 10% Co + 0.5% Pt/Al₂O₃ was used, with which the CO conversion reaches 100% and the hydrocarbon conversion 94.2% and 91.5% for both gasoline fractions. The catalysts were characterized by electron microscopy (EM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), thermoprogrammed desorption (TPD) and thermoprogrammed reduction (TPR) methods. It was shown by the TPD and EM methods that at the addition of Pt to the Rh-catalyst, the formation of mixed bimetallic Rh-Pt-agglomerates occurs, and hydrogen appears in the TPD spectrum, adsorbed in the form of a new single peak uncharacteristic for the Rh-catalyst. This leads to high activity and selectivity in the hydrogenation of benzene and aromatic compounds in the gasoline fractions. The XRD and TPR results show the formation of CoAl₂O₄ spinels, on which inactive oxygen is formed for the oxidation of CO and hydrocarbons. Modification of the catalyst by Pt and Mg prevents spinel formation, thereby increasing the activity of the catalysts.

Oriental Journal of Chemistry is a peer reviewed quarterly research journal of pure and applied chemistry. It publishes standard research papers in almost all thrust areas of current chemistry of academic and commercial importance. It provides a platform for rapid publication of quality research papers, reviews and chemistry letters. Oriental Journal of Chemistry is abstracted and indexed in almost all reputed National and International agencies.

Catalytic hydrogenation of substituted aromatic nitrocompounds and hydrocarbons has been studied. It was established that monometallic Pd-catalysts were suitable for reduction of nitrogroups. Bifunctional catalysts such as Rh-Pt, Rh-Pd, Pd-Ru and Rh-Ru were used for hydrogenation of both aromatic ring and nitrogroup and sequence of their hydrogenation depended on support nature. Over Rh-Pt alumina supported catalysts consequent hydrogenation of NO2 and benzene ring took place, over silica supported catalysts their consecutive hydrogenation was observed. Such catalytic properties of bimetallic Rh-Pt and Rh-Pd catalysts probably connected with metal-metal interaction leading to optimal adsorption strength of uniformly adsorbed hydrogen. The optimal reaction conditions (temperature and hydrogen pressure) have been elaborated for synthesis of alicyclic amines with 95-99% yields.

This study focuses on the shaping of ZSM–5-based granules using conventional pseudoboehmite as well as aluminum hydroxynitrate precursors obtained by partial thermal treatment of Al(NO₃)₃·9H₂O. The starting materials and nitrate-derived precursors were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. Model pseudoboehmite systems were used to evaluate the effects of moisture, peptization equivalent, and HNO₃ concentration in the initial liquid portion on pore volume, apparent density, shrinkage, and axial and radial crushing strength. Acid peptization showed a strongly non-linear effect: small HNO₃ additions increased strength and densification, whereas excess acid promoted structural heterogeneity and granule disintegration during thermal treatment. Even at constant moisture and total acid dosage, strength depended markedly on the initial peptizer concentration. In unpeptized ZSM–5/pseudoboehmite composites, increasing zeolite content reduced pore volume but increased density and strength, indicating formation of a more compact framework. Aluminum hydroxynitrate precursors enabled effective shaping of ZSM–5-containing pastes, demonstrating their potential as alternative binder precursors, while the optimized pseudoboehmite systems provided the most favorable overall balance between porosity and mechanical stability.

The effect of the composition and structure of shaped low-zeolite Al₂O₃-based catalysts on the catalytic cracking of M–100 heavy fuel oil was investigated. A series of γ-Al₂O₃-based catalysts was prepared, including an HY-containing catalyst and materials additionally modified with η-Al₂O₃, CaO, and Ni- and Cu-containing components. The physicochemical properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. The pore volume and the mechanical strength of the catalyst granules were additionally measured. Catalytic cracking tests were carried out in a flow reactor at 450–550 °C. It was shown that the incorporation of 5 wt.% HY into γ-Al₂O₃ increased the combined yield of gasoline and light gas oil fractions at 450 °C from 16.3 to 38.3 wt.%. Modification of the alumina matrix further affected the catalyst selectivity: the γ+η–Al–HY catalyst provided the highest yield of light products (42.8 wt.%) and the lowest coke yield, whereas Ca–Al–HY exhibited the highest gasoline yield (23.7 wt.%) together with the lowest heavy residue yield. The effect of matrix composition became particularly pronounced at 500–550 °C, which can be attributed to changes in both pore structure and surface acid-base properties enhanced by modification. Product composition analysis showed that the incorporation of HY increased the content of light olefins, whereas modification of the matrix substantially altered the ratio of normal to branched paraffinic components in the gasoline fraction. The Ca–Al–HY sample exhibited the smallest changes in textural properties after catalytic testing and a more stable product distribution during consecutive reaction–regeneration cycles. These results demonstrate that, at a low HY content, the alumina matrix acts as an independent factor governing selectivity and stability of the catalyst in heavy residual feedstocks conversion.