The role of antennas in wireless communication is critical for enabling efficient signal transmission and reception across various frequency bands, including those associated with IoT (Internet of Things), X-band, S-band, and RFID (radio-frequency identification) systems. This paper presents a small quadruple-band antenna with 25 × 40 × 1.5 mm3 dimensions designed for diverse wireless applications. It is adept at operating in the S-band (2.2 GHz), wireless local area network (WLAN) (5.7 GHz), microwave RFID frequency band (5.8 GHz), and X-band (7.7 GHz and 8.3 GHz). While the majority of existing research focuses on antennas covering two or three bands, our work stands out by achieving quad-band operation in the proposed antenna design. This antenna is constructed on a semiflexible Rogers RT5880 substrate, making it well-suited for wearable applications. Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave studio (2019) simulation package software is chosen for design and analysis. The antenna design features a comb-shaped radiating structure, where each “tooth” is responsible for resonating at a distinct frequency with an appropriate bandwidth. The antenna retains stability in both free space and on-body wearability scenarios. It achieves a low specific absorption rate (SAR), meeting wearable criteria with SAR values below 1.6 W/Kg for all resonating frequencies. The proposed antenna demonstrates suitable radiation efficiency, reaching a maximum of 82.6% and a peak gain of 6.3 dBi. It exhibits a bidirectional pattern in the elevation plane and omnidirectional behavior in the azimuth plane. The antenna finds applications across multiple frequencies and shows close agreement between simulated and measured results, validating its effectiveness.
This paper introduces a planar ultra-wideband microstrip antenna tailored for millimeter-wave applications. The antenna effectively spans a considerable frequency range from 33.4 to 89.4 GHz. According to simulations, the antenna achieves a peak radiation efficiency of 88 percent, accompanied by a maximum gain of 7 dBi. The antenna design boasts a return loss that remains consistently below -10 dB. The antenna's architecture employs two vertical stubs, strategically employed to regulate the accessible bandwidth. Through optimization of the antenna structure, an impressive bandwidth of 56 GHz can be attained at maximum. The outcomes of the study indicate that the proposed antenna is excellently suited for various millimeter-wave applications, including Ka-band utilization (33.4-36 GHz), 5G cellular communication (33.4-39 GHz), IEEE 802.11ad high-speed wireless systems at 60 GHz, as well as the 57-66 GHz spectrum designated for IEEE 802.15 wireless personal area networks (WPANs).