Background: Emergency airway management is a crucial and complex procedure frequently performed in the emergency department (ED). Airway contamination usually caused by blood, secretions, and emesis impairs ventilation, reduces successful intubation, and increases the complication rates, leading to difficult laryngoscopy, delayed intubation, and increased mortality rates. One technique employed to decontaminate these airways when standard approaches fail is Suction-Assisted Laryngoscopy and Airway Decontamination (SALAD). Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane, and Science direct databases following a specific search strategy. All search results were screened in a two-stage process (title–abstract and full-text screening) in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Data from finalized articles were extracted using a standardized excel file developed a priori. Lastly, quality and risk of bias were assessed using appropriate tools according to respective study designs, and data were narratively synthesized. Results: A total of 224 records were identified. Upon screening, seven studies were included consisting of five simulation-based studies and two clinical case reports. Simulation studies reported that SALAD training significantly improved first-pass intubation success (53.7–90.2%), reduced time to intubation (up to 30 s), and enhanced airway visualization. Clinical cases further reported successful first-pass intubation in patients with massive airway contamination without complications. Overall, across both study types, the SALAD technique improved airway management performance, provider confidence, and airway contamination control compared to standard suction techniques. Conclusions: This systematic review highlights the benefits of the SALAD technique by enhancing airway visualization, reinforcing it as a significant tool for contaminated airway management. Trainees who underwent SALAD training demonstrated improved first-pass intubation success, reduced intubation time, and increased operator confidence. While data from the included studies seems promising, most studies are small simulation-based studies with limited clinical outcome data. Given its clinical relevance and educational value, future studies must prioritize high-quality research in clinical environments to establish SALAD’s efficacy and to define its role in integration into prehospital protocols.

Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common malignancy found among women. It is ranked as the 6th most common cancer among women and the 15th most common cancer globally. Increasing prevalence of several factors like obesity and other metabolic disorders have caused a growing trend of prevalence of endometrial cancer. The standard approach of treatment with excellent prognosis is total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TH/BSO). However, due to its drawback of complete infertility, newer approaches of fertility-sparing approaches are emerging to combat this challenge. Clinicians must choose the most suitable candidates for fertility-sparing surgery (FSS) using the present existing conventional criteria with regard to the patient’s age, tumor characteristics, and fertility goals. The limitations using the conventional criteria can be eliminated by refining the criteria with molecular prognostic factors to ease the candidate selection process for FSS. Methods: Relevant literature regarding molecular subtypes, hormone therapy sensitivity, clinical assessment, and guidelines pertaining to fertility preservation in EC were retrieved from several electronic databases and articles addressing the role of molecular profiling in predicting patient response, guiding patient selection, and/or informing the development of therapies for fertility preservation in early-stage EC, particularly in women of reproductive age were included. Primary focus was on areas of consensus, emerging trends, and evidence gaps that warrant further investigation. This review will assess the integration of molecular prognostic factors to refine the patient selection criteria and guide FSS in early-stage EC. We will present existing clinical criteria, ongoing clinical trials, limitations, and the advantages of integrating molecular data on patient selection, treatment safety, and fertility outcomes. Results: Four distinct molecular subtypes have been classified which includes POLE-mut, MMR-d, p53-abn and NSMP. POLE-mut subtype had excellent prognosis with >95% patients achieving complete remission with <2% recurrence rate followed by MMRd and NSMP with intermediate prognosis and lastly p53-abn with poor prognosis of 60–70% achieving complete remission and 30–40% having recurrence. The data highlights the clinical value of molecular classification in selecting appropriate candidates for fertility sparing surgery (FSS). Conclusions: There is a lack of integration of molecular subtypes for clinicians to choose candidates for FSS and this gap should be addressed. Further research must be performed to follow personalized medicine to refine their treatment plan.

Despite decades of investigation, delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) remains the principal cause of secondary neurological injury following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Successive paradigms including angiographic vasospasm, early brain injury, neuroinflammation, blood–brain barrier disruption, cortical spreading depolarization, microvascular dysfunction, oxidative stress, and metabolic failure have each explained important aspects of disease biology. However, these mechanisms have largely evolved as parallel explanations rather than components of an integrated model, leaving the dissociation between vasospasm and DCI, delayed onset, interpatient heterogeneity, and limited efficacy of vasospasm-directed therapies incompletely explained. This perspective proposes, as a hypothesis, progressive neurovascular unit (NVU) failure as a conceptual framework for DCI after aSAH. We integrate experimental, translational, and clinical evidence spanning vascular biology, neuroimmunology, cerebrovascular physiology, electrophysiology, metabolism, biomarker research, and therapeutic trials to develop a hypothesis-generating framework. The established mechanisms of DCI may represent interacting manifestations of progressive disruption of coordinated signaling among endothelial, vascular smooth muscle, pericyte, astrocytic, microglial, and neuronal compartments of the neurovascular unit. Within this framework, early brain injury may initiate NVU dysfunction, which is amplified by interacting vascular, barrier, inflammatory, electrophysiological, and metabolic disturbances, culminating in neuronal metabolic failure and tissue injury. Vasospasm is therefore positioned as one contributor to this process rather than a sufficient explanation for DCI. This framework offers a possible basis for interpreting clinical heterogeneity and therapeutic discordance while generating testable predictions for multimodal biomarker development, biological phenotyping, and mechanism-informed therapeutic strategies. The framework does not introduce new mechanisms; rather, it proposes a testable distinction between compensated NVU dysfunction and NVU failure, frames compartment-specific non-additive interactions as an empirical question, and organizes biomarkers by the NVU compartment they reflect. These proposals remain to be validated.