Background: Emergency airway management is a crucial and complex procedure frequently performed in the emergency department (ED). Airway contamination usually caused by blood, secretions, and emesis impairs ventilation, reduces successful intubation, and increases the complication rates, leading to difficult laryngoscopy, delayed intubation, and increased mortality rates. One technique employed to decontaminate these airways when standard approaches fail is Suction-Assisted Laryngoscopy and Airway Decontamination (SALAD). Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane, and Science direct databases following a specific search strategy. All search results were screened in a two-stage process (title–abstract and full-text screening) in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Data from finalized articles were extracted using a standardized excel file developed a priori. Lastly, quality and risk of bias were assessed using appropriate tools according to respective study designs, and data were narratively synthesized. Results: A total of 224 records were identified. Upon screening, seven studies were included consisting of five simulation-based studies and two clinical case reports. Simulation studies reported that SALAD training significantly improved first-pass intubation success (53.7–90.2%), reduced time to intubation (up to 30 s), and enhanced airway visualization. Clinical cases further reported successful first-pass intubation in patients with massive airway contamination without complications. Overall, across both study types, the SALAD technique improved airway management performance, provider confidence, and airway contamination control compared to standard suction techniques. Conclusions: This systematic review highlights the benefits of the SALAD technique by enhancing airway visualization, reinforcing it as a significant tool for contaminated airway management. Trainees who underwent SALAD training demonstrated improved first-pass intubation success, reduced intubation time, and increased operator confidence. While data from the included studies seems promising, most studies are small simulation-based studies with limited clinical outcome data. Given its clinical relevance and educational value, future studies must prioritize high-quality research in clinical environments to establish SALAD’s efficacy and to define its role in integration into prehospital protocols.

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major public health issue affecting maternal well-being and infant development. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of PPD among Saudi women. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, and EBSCOHost was conducted for studies published up to 31 March 2025. Statistical analysis was performed using R software (v4.4.2) with a random effects model. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool. Results: A total of 32 studies published between 2014 and 2024, including 10,975 women with a mean age of 30.38 ± 6.22 years, were analyzed. Prevalence of PPD varied based on the cutoff scores of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS): 18% (95% CI: 10–27%) at EPDS ≥ 14, 30% (95% CI: 21–38%) at EPDS ≥ 13, 59% (95% CI: 33–85%) at EPDS ≥ 12, and 45% (95% CI: 28–62%) at EPDS ≥ 10. Across studies, 32 significant risk factors for PPD were identified. The most frequently reported included lack of social support, delivery method, young maternal age, and personal or family history of depression. In the meta-analysis, three factors showed statistically significant associations with postpartum depression: limited family support (p < 0.00001), poor spouse support (p < 0.00001), and unplanned pregnancy (p = 0.04). Conclusions: PPD is highly prevalent among Saudi women, with marked regional disparities. These findings highlight the need for tailored mental health strategies and region-specific interventions.

Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common malignancy found among women. It is ranked as the 6th most common cancer among women and the 15th most common cancer globally. Increasing prevalence of several factors like obesity and other metabolic disorders have caused a growing trend of prevalence of endometrial cancer. The standard approach of treatment with excellent prognosis is total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TH/BSO). However, due to its drawback of complete infertility, newer approaches of fertility-sparing approaches are emerging to combat this challenge. Clinicians must choose the most suitable candidates for fertility-sparing surgery (FSS) using the present existing conventional criteria with regard to the patient’s age, tumor characteristics, and fertility goals. The limitations using the conventional criteria can be eliminated by refining the criteria with molecular prognostic factors to ease the candidate selection process for FSS. Methods: Relevant literature regarding molecular subtypes, hormone therapy sensitivity, clinical assessment, and guidelines pertaining to fertility preservation in EC were retrieved from several electronic databases and articles addressing the role of molecular profiling in predicting patient response, guiding patient selection, and/or informing the development of therapies for fertility preservation in early-stage EC, particularly in women of reproductive age were included. Primary focus was on areas of consensus, emerging trends, and evidence gaps that warrant further investigation. This review will assess the integration of molecular prognostic factors to refine the patient selection criteria and guide FSS in early-stage EC. We will present existing clinical criteria, ongoing clinical trials, limitations, and the advantages of integrating molecular data on patient selection, treatment safety, and fertility outcomes. Results: Four distinct molecular subtypes have been classified which includes POLE-mut, MMR-d, p53-abn and NSMP. POLE-mut subtype had excellent prognosis with >95% patients achieving complete remission with <2% recurrence rate followed by MMRd and NSMP with intermediate prognosis and lastly p53-abn with poor prognosis of 60–70% achieving complete remission and 30–40% having recurrence. The data highlights the clinical value of molecular classification in selecting appropriate candidates for fertility sparing surgery (FSS). Conclusions: There is a lack of integration of molecular subtypes for clinicians to choose candidates for FSS and this gap should be addressed. Further research must be performed to follow personalized medicine to refine their treatment plan.

Primary parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumors are rare neoplasms comprising 0.5% of head and neck tumors. Their complex anatomical location and proximity to critical neurovascular structures pose significant surgical challenges. While transcervical and transcervical-combined approaches represent the primary surgical techniques, no comprehensive systematic comparison exists. This systematic review compared surgical success, complications, functional outcomes, and recurrence rates between these approaches. Following PROSPERO registration (CRD420251037201), we searched PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect without date restrictions. Independent dual screening identified retrospective cohort studies and case series comparing both approaches. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment employed standardized tools, with synthesis conducted per PRISMA 2020 guidelines using narrative analysis. Ten studies encompassing 505 patients with 508 tumors met inclusion criteria. Both approaches achieved excellent complete resection rates (95–100%). Transcervical approaches demonstrated lower overall complication rates (4.8–52.6%) versus transcervical-combined approaches (7.7–100%), though rates varied substantially by tumor type, and differences likely reflect case selection rather than approach-specific effects. Cranial nerve injuries (VII, X, XII) constituted predominant complications. Infratemporal fossa approaches showed the highest morbidity. Recurrence rates ranged from 0–30.3% without consistent patterns favoring either approach. Transcervical-combined approaches were essential for superior compartment extension and for skull base involvement. Both transcervical and transcervical-combined approaches achieve excellent tumor resection with acceptable morbidity when appropriately selected. For most benign PPS tumors, a transcervical approach may be preferred. Combined approaches may be considered in specific anatomic scenarios that require enhanced exposure, particularly when the superior compartment and skull base are involved, although the decision is always highly individual.