In this study, high-crystallinity single walled carbon nanotubes (H-SWNTs) were prepared by high-temperature thermal annealing at 1800 °C and a self-heating shape memory polyurethane nanocomposite with excellent self-heating characteristics was developed within a few seconds by irradiation with near-infrared rays. With a simple method (heat treatment), impurities at the surface of H-SWNTs were removed and at the same time the amorphous structure converted into a crystalline structure, improving crystallinity. Therefore, high conductivity (electric, thermal) and interfacial affinity with PU were increased, resulting in improved mechanical, thermal and electric properties. The electrical conductivity of neat polyurethane was enhanced from ~10^–11 S/cm to 4.72 × 10⁻⁸ S/cm, 1.07 × 10⁻⁶ and 4.66 × 10⁻⁶ S/cm, while the thermal conductivity was enhanced up to 60% from 0.21 W/mK, 0.265 W/mK and 0.338 W/mK for the composites of 1, 3 and 5 wt%, respectively. Further, to achieve an effective photothermal effect, H-SWNTs were selected as nanofillers to reduce energy loss while increasing light-absorption efficiency. Thereafter, near-infrared rays of 818 nm were directly irradiated onto the nanocomposite film to induce photothermal properties arising from the local surface plasmon resonance effect on the CNT surface. A self-heating shape memory composite material that rapidly heated to 270 °C within 1 min was developed, even when only 3 wt.% of H-SWNTs were added. The results of this study can be used to guide the development of heat-generating coating materials and de-icing materials for the wing and body structures of automobiles or airplanes, depending on the molding method.

The pursuit of sustainable and environmentally benign energy storage solutions has propelled significant interest in organic batteries, which utilize redox-active organic compounds as electrode materials. A pivotal component in determining their electrochemical performance, safety, and long-term stability is the electrolyte. Polymer-based electrolytes (PBEs) have emerged as promising candidates owing to their intrinsic advantages, such as enhanced thermal stability, mechanical integrity, and the mitigation of leakage and flammability risks associated with conventional liquid electrolytes. Unlike previous reviews that broadly cover solid electrolytes, this review specifically focuses on the unique developments of polymer-based electrolytes tailored for organic batteries over the past few years. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in PBEs specifically designed for organic battery systems. It systematically examines various categories, including solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), valued for their structural simplicity and stability; gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs), noted for their high ionic conductivity and processability; and polymer-inorganic composite electrolytes, which synergistically integrate the mechanical flexibility of polymers with the ionic conductivity of inorganic fillers. Additionally, the review delves into the latest advancements in ionogels and poly(ionic liquid) electrolytes, highlighting their potential to overcome existing limitations and enable next-generation battery performance. The article concludes with a critical discussion on prevailing challenges and prospective research directions, emphasizing the importance of advanced material design, interfacial engineering, and sustainable synthesis approaches to facilitate the practical realization of high-performance organic batteries.

The pervasive issue of lead contamination in water systems necessitates the development of advanced and sustainable remediation methodologies. Powdered activated carbon synthesized from Pinus roxburghii has been meticulously evaluated as a high-performance capture medium to remove sequestration of lead ions from aqueous systems through batch adsorption studies. These adsorption dynamics were optimized by Response Surface Methodology integrated with Central Composite Design, enabling precise calibration of crucial influential factors such as pH, contact time, and adsorbent dosage. Morphological analysis conducted using Scanning Electron Microscopy confirmed a highly porous structure, while Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy identified functional groups, such as hydroxyl groups coupled with carbonyl groups, which exhibit strong metal affinity. Under optimal conditions, a pH of 8.2, a time of 140 min, and an adsorbent dosage of 0.03 g/L resulted in a maximum lead removal efficiency of 99.86%. Validation trials substantiated the reproducibility of the process, yielding a marginally diminished efficiency of 98.62 ± 1.24%. The integration of RSM not only validated the statistical significance of the experimental outcomes but also reinforced the predictive accuracy. This study demonstrates the critical interplay of adsorption parameters and highlights the physicochemical properties of Pinus roxburghii-based activated carbon, emphasizing its potential for advanced water purification processes.

The pervasive issue of lead contamination in water systems necessitates the development of advanced and sustainable remediation methodologies. Powdered activated carbon synthesized from Pinus roxburghii has been meticulously evaluated as a high-performance capture medium to remove sequestration of lead ions from aqueous systems through batch adsorption studies. These adsorption dynamics were optimized by Response Surface Methodology integrated with Central Composite Design, enabling precise calibration of crucial influential factors such as pH, contact time, and adsorbent dosage. Morphological analysis conducted using Scanning Electron Microscopy confirmed a highly porous structure, while Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy identified functional groups, such as hydroxyl groups coupled with carbonyl groups, which exhibit strong metal affinity. Under optimal conditions, a pH of 8.2, a time of 140 minutes, and an adsorbent dosage of 0.03 g/L resulted in a maximum lead removal efficiency of 99.86%. Validation trials substantiated the reproducibility of the process, yielding a marginally diminished efficiency of 98.62±1.24%. The integration of RSM not only validated the statistical significance of the experimental outcomes but also reinforced the predictive accuracy. This study demonstrates the critical interplay of adsorption parameters and highlights the physicochemical properties of Pinus roxburghii-based activated carbon, emphasizing its potential for advanced water purification processes.

In this study, graphene oxide (GO) derived from rice husk was functionalized with silver nitrate (AgNO ₃ ) through a chemical co-precipitation method, and its biomedical applications were systematically investigated. Drug release experiments revealed a pH-responsive profile, where at pH 4.0 the cumulative release reached 32.6 ± 1.6% after 24 h, compared to 12.4 ± 1.8% at pH 7.4, highlighting its potential for targeted delivery to cancer cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis and flow cytometry demonstrated that RH-GO/AgNO ₃ treatment elevated oxidative stress and triggered apoptosis in HeLa cells. Furthermore, 5-fluorouracil (FU) was successfully loaded onto the nanocomposite surface via non-covalent interactions. Cytotoxicity assessment by MTT assay showed that FU-loaded RH-GO/AgNO ₃ had the strongest anticancer activity, with an IC ₅₀ value of 256.3 µg/mL. ROS levels in treated HeLacells increased significantly (40.17%) compared to the control group (19.45%), and flow cytometry confirmed a reduction in cell viability (69.5%) accompanied by enhanced apoptosis (early: 8.3%, late: 4.0%) and necrosis (18.2%). Collectively, these findings indicate that RH-GO/AgNO ₃ -FU induces cancer cell death predominantly via apoptosis. Overall, this work demonstrates that agricultural waste-derived nanomaterials can serve as cost-effective and sustainable platforms for advanced drug delivery in cancer therapeutics. Graphical abstract